HRMR-VWI在椎-基底动脉病变诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高分辨磁共振血管壁成像(high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging,HRMR-VWI)在椎-基底动脉病变诊断中的应用价值。方法对52例经CTA/MRA/DSA确诊椎-基底动脉管腔病变的患者,行HRMR-VWI T 1-VISTA序列平扫加增强检查,评估病变段血管壁改变及病因探究。结果52例椎-基底动脉管腔病变患者中,发现24例动脉粥样硬化改变,占46.2%,均表现为偏心性管壁增厚,增强扫描管壁轻度或明显强化;9例原发性中枢神经系统血管炎,占17.3%,表现为管壁向心性增厚,明显强化;12例椎基底动脉夹层,占23.1%,可见内膜瓣,双腔征,夹层开口位置;7例动脉瘤,占13.4%,5例发生于椎动脉,2例发生于基底动脉,HRMR-VWI清晰可见瘤壁厚度及强化特点。结论HRMR-VWI能够为椎-基底动脉病变病因探究、治疗方案制定提供重要信息,是椎-基底动脉病变的重要检查方法。     

甲状腺手术行喉返神经解剖显露的临床分析

目的探讨甲状腺术中喉返神经的解剖及显露的临床意义,以减少喉返神经损伤。方法回顾性分析965例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,所有手术均在全嘛下进行并常规显露喉返神经,手术切除范围由病变情况决定,并对喉返神经解剖特点、损伤情况进行分析。结果共解剖显露喉返神经1052条,其中右侧721条,左侧331条,包括双侧87条;采用上方入路解剖86条,侧方661条,下方305条;右侧喉返神经位于气管食管沟内走行者461条,偏离者260条;左侧位于气管食管沟内走行者285条,偏离者46条;喉返神经入喉前有分支者687条（65．3％）,未分支直接人喉者365条（34．7％）;喉不返神经2条;解剖神经平均用时（6．7±0．54）min;术后神经暂时性损伤11例,永久性损伤2例,均于6个月后对侧声带代偿,嘶哑改善。结论熟悉喉返神经的解剖,灵活运用不同的解剖入路,常规解剖显露神经,是避免喉返神经损伤的有效方法。     

杭州地区儿童流感样病例人偏肺病毒流行情况分析

目的 了解杭州市儿童流感样病例人偏肺病毒（hMPV）的感染情况,并描述其流行病学特征.方法 选取2011年1月至2012年12月浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院门诊流感样病例的咽拭子样本共1164份.对样本进行hMPV核酸检测,阳性样本用RT-PCR法扩增hMPV融合蛋白（F）基因片段,取扩增阳性产物进行基因测序和序列分析.不同年龄组hMPV检出率比较采用x2检验.结果 在1164份儿童流感样病例的咽拭子样本中检出hMPV阳性73份,阳性率为6.27％;检出率最高的年龄组为＞2 ～4岁组,为15.00％（33/220）,不同年龄组检出率差异有统计学意义（x2 =40.69,P＜0.05）.hMPV在多数月份均有检出,但以冬春季检出率为高,检出率最高的月份为2012年12月,为25.53％（12/51）.选取24份阳性样本进行基因序列分析,其中14份为B1亚型,2份为B2亚型,8份为A2亚型.2011年以B1型为主（10/12）,2012年以A2型为主（8/12）.24株hMPV之间的核苷酸同源性为81.6％ ～ 100.0％.结论 杭州市儿童流感样病例中有一定比例的hMPV感染,以冬春季为高峰,＞2 ～4岁组检出率最高,不同基因型的病毒株可能存在交替流行.     

Collagen scaffolds modified with CNTF and bFGF promote facial nerve regeneration in minipigs

Most experiments of peripheral nerve repair after injury have been conducted in the rodent model but the translation of findings from rodent studies to clinical practice is needed partly because the nerve regeneration must occur over much longer distances in humans than in rodents. The reconstruction of long distance nerve injuries still represents a great challenge to surgeons who is engaged in peripheral nerve surgery. Here we used the functional nerve conduit (collagen scaffolds incorporated with neurocytokines CNTF and bFGF) to bridge a 35 mm long facial nerve gap in minipig models. At 6 months after surgery, electrophysiology assessment and histological examination were conducted to evaluate the regeneration of peripheral facial nerves. Based on functional and histological observations, the results indicated that the functional collagen scaffolds promoted nerve reconstruction. The number and arrangement of regenerated nerve fibers, myelination, and nerve function reconstruction was better in the CNTF + bFGF conduit group than the single factor CNTF or bFGF conduit group. The functional composite conduit, which exhibited favorable mechanical properties, may promote facial nerve regeneration in minipigs effectively.     

Kinetics of Memory B Cell and Plasma Cell Responses in the Mice Immunized with Plague Vaccines

In our previous studies, we found that plague vaccines can induce long‐term antibody response, but no significant antibody boost was observed when the immunized mice were challenged with virulent Yersinia pestis. However, a booster vaccination of subunit vaccine on week 3 after primary immunization elicited a significantly higher antibody titre than a single dose, whereas no significant antibody titre difference was observed between a single dose and two doses of EV76 vaccination. To address these issues, in this study, we first investigated the kinetics of memory B cells and plasma cells in the mice immunized with EV76 or F1 protein by flow cytometry and then determined antibody titre in five groups of mice immunized with various vaccination strategy. The results showed that memory B cells dropped to a low level at day 56 after primary immunization. In contrast, plasma cells were maintained for more than 98 days. The group with primary immunization of EV76 and booster of F1 antigen developed a higher antibody titre than the group with immunization of F1 antigen and booster of EV76. This result supports a hypothesis that an excess of antigens can neutralize pre‐existing antibodies, and then the redundant antigen induces antibody boost. Taken together, a boost of antibody titre after revaccination may be dependent on the existence of memory B cells and an excess of antigen vaccination. In addition, this study showed an ideal immunization strategy that involves first immunization with a live attenuated vaccine, such as EV76, and then with a subunit vaccine.     

Inhibition of P2X4 Suppresses Joint Inflammation and Damage in Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Recent data have shown that the purinergic receptor P2X4 plays key roles in inflammatory responses. We evaluated whether P2X4 inhibition could affect the development of arthritis and autoimmunity in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. P2X4 antisense oligonucleotide (asODN) was injected intravenously via tail vein into the CIA mice to selectively inhibit P2X4 expression daily for 14 days. P2X4 asODN treatment reduced the clinical score of CIA in mice. P2X4 asODN also decreased the levels of serum IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17. P2X4 asODN treatment significantly inhibited synovial inflammation and joint destruction. P2X4 asODN treatment also suppressed the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome activation in CIA mice and synovial cells of human rheumatoid arthritis. These data show that P2X4 asODN confers a therapeutic benefit on CIA. Inhibition of the NLRP1 inflammasome signaling pathway is the underlying mechanism of action.     

Walnut protein isolates attenuate particulate matter-induced lung and cardiac injury in mice and zebra fish

Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem, and the fine particles of air pollution can cause diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Walnut protein isolates (WPIs) are peptides purified from walnut protein hydrolysates that have very high antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. In this study, mice and zebra fish were used to test the effect of WPIs on the acute lung injury (ALI) and heart injury induced by particulate matter (PM). The WPIs protected against ALI in the PM-induced ALI mouse model by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), and interleukin 6(IL-6) in ALI mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and acyl carrier protein (ACP) level. In the zebra fish model, the WPIs promoted the secretion of PM into the intestinal tract, protected against the heart injury caused by PM, and promoted the phagocytosis of zebra fish macrophages. Therefore, WPIs are potential candidates to be a health-promoting product with no toxicity.

This study supports new prospects for WPI development and shows WPIs may be potential candidates for healthy products.     

头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠静脉输注致严重凝血功能障碍

1例76岁女性患者因肺部感染合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病给予静脉注射头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠1.5 g、3次/d,生脉注射液40 ml/d,丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液60 mg/d,单硝酸异山梨酯注射液10 mg/d。治疗第4天患者出现凝血功能异常,凝血酶原时间(PT)58.4 s,凝血酶原活动度(PTA)13%,国际标准化比值(INR)3.83,活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)38.5 s。第5天停用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液。第7天患者凝血功能障碍加重,PT 105.8 s,PTA 5.8%,INR 7.02,APTT 49.7 s。第12天,因考虑凝血功能障碍可能与头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠输注相关,立即停药,其余治疗药物继续应用。患者当晚出现全程肉眼血尿,颏部可见瘀斑。第13天患者呕吐鲜血,APTT 99.4 s,立即输注新鲜冰冻血浆,静脉滴注卡络磺钠,肌内注射维生素K1。第15天患者复查凝血功能:PT 11.00 s,PTA 123.3%,INR 1.048,APTT 30.10 s。     

复方丹参片合生脉饮抗小鼠心肌缺氧缺血作用研究

目的:观察复方丹参片与生脉饮合用对急性心肌缺氧缺血的作用,为临床应用提供一定实验依据。方法:采用异丙肾上腺素致小鼠急性心肌缺氧模型考察复方丹参片与生脉饮合用对小鼠存活时间的影响,并初步观察量效时效关系;采用垂体后叶素致小鼠急性心肌缺血模型考察二者合用对相关生化指标的影响。结果:复方丹参片与生脉饮合用单次给予,可明显延长心肌缺氧小鼠耐缺氧存活时间,效果优于分别给予,1h左右即有显著药效,起效较缓,作用维持时间较长;并可改善心肌缺血小鼠相关生化指标,包括降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,降低心脏组织中MDA、Ca2 、NO含量,升高超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力。结论:复方丹参片与生脉散合用对急性心肌缺氧缺血有明显保护作用,具有起效较缓,作用持久的特点。     

人脑顶叶在空间记忆认知功能中的作用

目的:通过功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术研究健康人脑顶叶在处理空间记忆信息时的作用。方法:在对10例右利手健康志愿者进行一项短时空间记忆任务作业的同时,进行fMRI扫描,实验采用组块设计并采用SPM99软件进行数据分析和脑功能区定位。结果:当统计阈值设为P<0.001时,大脑皮质所激活的脑区有双侧顶叶的楔前叶、顶上小叶、缘上回(BA7/40,BA:BrodmannArea,布鲁德曼分区,下同),双侧前额上中下回(BA6/9/47),双侧枕叶和枕颞交界处(BA17/18/19/37),右侧海马和右侧扣带回;左侧顶叶的激活强度最强,左侧顶叶与双侧前额叶以及右侧顶叶与左侧前额叶之间的激活强度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人脑在处理短时空间记忆信息时,顶叶起主导性作用。