Resection of a retrohepatic leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava combined with caudate lobectomy and reconstruction with an allogenic vein

正Primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava(IVC) is a rare disease, accounting for 0.5% of soft tissue sarcomas in adults [1]. A diversity of therapeutic methods have been applied to treat this type of tumor. The average survival time of patients who are not treated is merely 3-4 months [2]. The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains unclear and controversial [3].     

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: an update on current technologies and ethical considerations

The aim of reproductive medicine is to support the birth of healthy children. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies and genetic analysis have led to the introduction of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for embryos. Indications for PGD have been a major topic in the fields of ethics and law. Concerns vary by nation, religion, population, and segment, and the continued rapid development of new technologies. In contrast to the ethical augment, technology has been developing at an excessively rapid speed. The most significant recent technological development provides the ability to perform whole genome amplification and sequencing of single embryonic cells by microarray or next‐generation sequencing methods. As new affordable technologies are introduced, patients are presented with a growing variety of PGD options. Simultaneously, the ethical guidelines for the indications for testing and handling of genetic information must also rapidly correspond to the changes.     

基于自动监测系统的罗沙替丁与奥美拉唑临床用药安全性评价研究

摘 要 目的：开展罗沙替丁与奥美拉唑的不良反应自动监测并进行安全性比较。方法：采用回顾性队列研究方法,借助“医疗机构ADE主动监测与智能评估警示系统”,信息化主动监测并比较罗沙替丁与奥美拉唑的9种药品不良反应发生情况。结果：两组各300例基线匹配的用药患者中,罗沙替丁组、奥美拉唑组药品不良反应发生例数分别为5例（发生率1.7%）和10例（发生率3.3%）,两组差异无统计学意义。其中血红蛋白减少两组各发生1例（0.3%）;肝损害分别发生4例（1.3%）、7例（2.3%）;奥美拉唑组发生胰酶异常1例（0.3%）,皮肤损害反应1例（0.3%）,而罗沙替丁组未发生。两组均未出现血小板减少、白细胞减少、肾损害、过敏性休克、心电异常等不良反应。结论：奥美拉唑组与罗沙替丁组药品不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。利用自动监测专用软件系统有助于便捷高效地开展药物安全性评价与比较。     

Survey on changes in subjective symptoms,onset/trigger factors,allergic diseases,and chemical exposures in the past decade of Japanese patients with multiple chemical sensitivity

Background

Recently, with rapid changes in the Japanese lifestyle, the clinical condition of patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) may also have undergone change. Thus, we conducted a new survey for subjective symptoms, ongoing chemical exposures, the prevalence of allergic diseases, and presumed onset/trigger factors in patients with MCS and compared results with those of an old survey from ten years ago.

A nano silicon adjuvant enhances inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine through activation the Toll-like receptors and promotes humoral and cellular immune responses

Inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) vaccines are widely used in swine herds in China. These are limited, however, by the need to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity, as well as the efficiency of adjuvants. In this study, a 70-nm nano silicon particle was applied with inactivated TGEV vaccine in mice, and its immune-enhancing effects and mechanism of action investigated. We found that nano silicon applied with inactivated TGEV vaccine induced high antibody titers, increase IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ expression, and stimulate CD3+ T cell proliferation with a high CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. Nano silicon could quickly activate innate and adaptive immunity by stimulating Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, indicating that the nano silicon adjuvant enhanced long-term humoral and early cellular immune responses when combined with inactivated TGEV vaccine. Nano silicon could be considered for use as an antigen- carrier and adjuvant for veterinary vaccines.     

Role of interleukin-8 and growth-regulated oncogene-alpha in the chemotactic migration of all-trans retinoic acid-treated promyelocytic leukemic cells toward alveolar epithelial cells

OBJECTIVE: Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), it also causes retinoic acid syndrome with presentations similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome. We investigated the role of interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-alpha in the chemotactic transmigration of ATRA-treated NB4 (ATRA-NB4) APL cells toward A549 alveolar epithelial cells. DESIGN: An in vitro human cell culture study. SETTING: University hospital research laboratories. SUBJECTS: NB4 and A549 cells. INTERVENTIONS: NB4 and A549 cells were separately cultured with ATRA and/or dexamethasone for 1-3 days. NB4 or ATRA-NB4 cells were then placed in an upper insert and co-incubated with A549 cells or their conditioned medium located in a lower plate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ATRA stimulated NB4 cells to transmigrate toward the A549 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Replacement of A459 condition medium by its original medium abrogated this transmigration. Only A549 cells constitutively secreted GRO-alpha, and both A549 and NB4 cells constitutively secreted IL-8, which was enhanced by ATRA. Exogenous administration of IL-8 or GRO-alpha also promoted the ATRA-NB4 transmigration. The binding assay demonstrated that ATRA-NB4 cells bound IL-8, but not GRO-alpha, more avidly. Pretreatment with antibodies directed against IL-8 and GRO-alpha receptors reduced ATRA-NB4 transmigration by about 60%. Dexamethasone did not suppress their IL-8 secretion and transmigration in ATRA-NB4 cells, but when applied to A549 cells, IL-8 secretion was suppressed but not GRO-alpha secretion, and there was attenuation of ATRA-NB4 transmigration. CONCLUSIONS: IL-8 and GRO-alpha secreted from alveolar epithelial cells play an important role in the cell-cell interaction involved in the chemotactic transmigration of ATRA-treated APL cells toward alveolar epithelial cells.     

Strategies and industrial perspectives to improve oral absorption of biological macromolecules

Introduction: Therapeutic proteins have become a highly attractive drug of choice due to minimal toxicity, high activity and exquisite specificity. Oral delivery of protein drugs is a very interesting area for research, and, naturally, numerous technologies are required to improve the oral bioavailability of therapeutic proteins.

Areas covered: This review article systemically generalized the major physiological barriers facing oral macromolecule delivery as well as the current approaches and novel developments in the field, including permeation enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, particulate drug delivery system, ligand delivery system, mucoadhesive delivery system, mucus penetration delivery system and other strategies.

Expert opinion: The development of composite formulation methods need to meet regulatory requirements for reproducibility, manufacturing cost, and bioavailability. So far, oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs is still facing immense challenges despite of the fact that some clinical studies are undergoing. The most advanced clinical strategies for therapeutic proteins are co-administration of absorption enhancers or protease inhibitors. Besides, rising new technologies in the field also provides a growing opportunity, such as nanotechnology, mucoadhesive and mucus penetration particulate delivery system.     

中老年患者无明确诊断意义的鳞状上皮细胞病变以上宫颈病变临床处理方法研究

目的 探讨中老年患者性质不明不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）及ASCUS以上宫颈病变的临床处理方法.方法 根据临床对中老年患者ASCUS宫颈病变不同处理方法分组,观察1组（348例）行阴道镜检查;观察2组（316例）行高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）检测,HPV阳性行阴道镜检查;观察3组（129例）定期宫颈细胞学复检,鳞状上皮内病变行阴道镜检查,比较三组临床处理情况.结果 三组574例患者同时行液基薄层细胞学检查（TCT）及阴道镜宫颈活检病理检查,结果上皮内瘤变（CIN）以上宫颈病变223例（38.9%）,其中CIN Ⅰ 136例（23.7%）、CINⅡ64例（11.2%）、CINⅢ20例（3.5%）、原位癌3例（0.5%）;观察1组348例中,行阴道镜检查348例（100.0%）,活检CINⅡ以上的患者36例（10.3%）;观察2组转阴道镜检查213例（67.4%）,活检CINⅡ以上的患者38例（12.0%）;观察3组转阴道镜检查13例（10.1%）,活检CINⅡ以上的患者3例（2.3%）.活检CINⅡ以上检出率,观察1组、观察2组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与观察3组比较差异均有统计学意义（x2 =7.014、9.156,均P＜0.05）.结论 高危型HPV检测分流ASCUS,可减少宫颈病变处理过程中误诊、漏诊及过度治疗的问题.