环维黄杨星D治疗心绞痛的甲襞微循环观察

对黄杨碱治疗的６２例冠心病心绞痛甲襞微循环变化进行观察。结果表明：９６．８％（６０／６２）的病例甲襞微循环有异常改变，且病情愈重其改变愈明显。用该药４．５ｍｇ／日（１．５ｍｇ，ｔｉｄ）治疗６０天结果显示：绝大多数微循环异常指标都获改善（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），并认为该药有部分类似茛菪类药物的作用。对少数严重病例的异常微循环改善不明显。心绞痛缓解率及心电图（ＳＴ、Ｔ）改善率分别在７０％以上及５０％～７０％之间。面药对降高明固醇及高甘油三酯作用不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），而对升高高密度脂蛋白具有较好疗效（Ｐ＜０．０５）。该药无明显毒副作用。     

丁型肝炎病毒核酶反式切割HBV mRNA片段的实验研究

目的　探讨反式作用丁型肝炎病毒 (HDV)核酶体外切割乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)mRNA片段的可行性。方法　将化学合成的核酶cDNA克隆到含有T7启动子的载体PGEM 4Z中。利用体外转录技术转录出核酶及底物 ,研究其体外切割活性。利用E H作图法进行核酶的酶促动力学研究。结果　在体外实验中显示两酶均能成功的将底物切割 ,37℃温浴 90min的切割百分率为 5 0 %和5 1%。利用E H作图法进行的酶促动力学研究中求得Rc1、Rc2的Km值分别为 0 6 1μmol L、0 5 8μmol L,Kcat值分别为 :0 6 4·min 1 、0 6 0·min 1 。结论　反式作用HDV核酶对非HDV底物 HBVmRNA片段的成功切割为寻找新的HBV的反义抑制手段开辟了途径。     

Three-dimensional forward solver and its performance analysis for magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) using recessed electrodes

In magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT), we try to reconstruct a cross-sectional resistivity (or conductivity) image of a subject. When we inject a current through surface electrodes, it generates a magnetic field. Using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, we can obtain the induced magnetic flux density from MR phase images of the subject. We use recessed electrodes to avoid undesirable artefacts near electrodes in measuring magnetic flux densities. An MREIT image reconstruction algorithm produces cross-sectional resistivity images utilizing the measured internal magnetic flux density in addition to boundary voltage data. In order to develop such an image reconstruction algorithm, we need a three-dimensional forward solver. Given injection currents as boundary conditions, the forward solver described in this paper computes voltage and current density distributions using the finite element method (FEM). Then, it calculates the magnetic flux density within the subject using the Biot-Savart law and FEM. The performance of the forward solver is analysed and found to be enough for use in MREIT for resistivity image reconstructions and also experimental designs and validations. The forward solver may find other applications where one needs to compute voltage, current density and magnetic flux density distributions all within a volume conductor.     

Characterization of epstein-barr virus-infected mantle cell lymphoma lines

It has been reported that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) resides in resting B cells in vivo. However, an ideal in vitro system for studying EBV latent infection in vivo has not yet been established. In this study, a mantle cell lymphoma line, SP53, was successfully infected with a recombinant EBV containing a neomycin-resistant gene. The EBV-carrying SP53 cells were obtained by selection using G418. They expressed EBER-1, EBNAs, and LMP1; this expression pattern of the EBV genes was similar to that in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). However, proliferation assay showed that the EBV-carrying SP53 cells have a doubling time of 73 h, compared with 57 h of SP53 cells. Transplantation of 10(8) SP53 cells to nude mice formed tumors in 4 of 10 mice inoculated, but the EBV-carrying SP53 cells did not. Unexpectedly, EBV infection reduced the proliferation and tumorigenicity of SP53 cells. However, the EBV-carrying SP53 cells showed higher resistance to apoptosis induced by serum starvation than did the SP53 cells. The inhibition of proliferation and the resistance to apoptosis induced in SP53 cells by EBV infection indicate that this cell line might to some extent provide a model of in vivo EBV reservoir cells.     

Michael Addition Polymerizations of Trifunctional Amines with Divinyl Sulfone

Summary: The mechanisms of the Michael addition polymerization of N‐aminoethyl piperazine (AEPZ) with divinyl sulfone (DVS) were clarified based on the reactivity sequence of three different amines in AEPZ: 2° amine in piperazine ring > 1° amine ≫ 2° amine formed in situ. When the feed molar ratio of DVS to AEPZ was 1:1, the polymerization of AB intermediate formed proceeded, and the linear poly(sulfone amine) containing secondary and tertiary amines in the backbones were produced. The linear structure of the product was confirmed by NMR spectra, and the molecular weights, molecular weight distribution, and properties of poly(sulfone amine)s were characterized by GPC, DSC, and TGA.

Polymerization of linear poly(DVS‐AEPZ).     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞的定向分化及其鉴定

目的: 体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)向软骨细胞定向分化, 并对分化后的细胞进行鉴定。方法: 由健康成人骨髓中分离出MSC, 取第 3代细胞进行实验。鉴定后, 将微小细胞团在TGF -β1、地塞米松(Dex)及维生素C(VitC)等诱导下分化。14d后, 细胞团经石蜡包埋、切片及HE染色后, 进行甲苯胺蓝染色及II型胶原(ColII)的免疫组化染色。采用Westernblot和RT- PCR, 分别检测诱导前后MSC中ColII及前ColIImRNA的表达。结果: HE染色显示, 诱导后细胞呈软骨细胞样形态; 甲苯胺蓝及ColII染色的细胞外基质呈阳性。Westernblot和RT PCR的结果显示, 诱导分化后的MSC可表达ColII和前ColII的mRNA。结论: MSC在TGF- β1、Dex及VitC等诱导后, 可分化为软骨细胞。     

Using a photon phase-space source for convolution/superposition dose calculations in radiation therapy

For a given linac design, the dosimetric characteristics of a photon beam are determined uniquely by the energy and radial distributions of the electron beam striking the x-ray target. However, in the usual commissioning of a beam from measured data, a large number of variables can be independently tuned, making it difficult to derive a unique and self-consistent beam model. For example, the measured dosimetric penumbra in water may be attributed in various proportions to the lateral secondary electron range, the focal spot size and the transmission through the tips of a non-divergent collimator; the head-scatter component in the tails of the transverse profiles may not be easy to resolve from phantom scatter and head leakage; and the head-scatter tails corresponding to a certain extra-focal source model may not agree self-consistently with in-air output factors measured on the central axis. To reduce the number of adjustable variables in beam modelling, we replace the focal and extra-focal sources with a single phase-space plane scored just above the highest adjustable collimator in a EGS/BEAM simulation of the linac. The phase-space plane is then used as photon source in a stochastic convolution/superposition dose engine. A photon sampled from the uncollimated phase-space plane is first propagated through an arbitrary collimator arrangement and then interacted in the simulation phantom. Energy deposition kernel rays are then randomly issued from the interaction points and dose is deposited along these rays. The electrons in the phase-space file are used to account for electron contamination. 6 MV and 18 MV photon beams from an Elekta SL linac are used as representative examples. Except for small corrections for monitor backscatter and collimator forward scatter for large field sizes (<0.5% with <20 x 20 cm2 field size), we found that the use of a single phase-space photon source provides accurate and self-consistent results for both relative and absolute dose calculations.     

Image reconstruction of anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution in MREIT: computer simulation study

We describe a novel method of reconstructing images of an anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution inside an electrically conducting subject in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT). MREIT is a recent medical imaging technique combining electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce conductivity images with improved spatial resolution and accuracy. In MREIT, we inject electrical current into the subject through surface electrodes and measure the z-component Bz of the induced magnetic flux density using an MRI scanner. Here, we assume that z is the direction of the main magnetic field of the MRI scanner. Considering the fact that most biological tissues are known to have anisotropic conductivity values, the primary goal of MREIT should be the imaging of an anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution. However, up to now, all MREIT techniques have assumed an isotropic conductivity distribution in the image reconstruction problem to simplify the underlying mathematical theory. In this paper, we firstly formulate a new image reconstruction method of an anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution. We use the relationship between multiple injection currents and the corresponding induced Bz data. Simulation results show that the algorithm can successfully reconstruct images of anisotropic conductivity tensor distributions. While the results show the feasibility of the method, they also suggest a more careful design of data collection methods and data processing techniques compared with isotropic conductivity imaging.     

颞叶癫痫大鼠海马差异表达基因和蛋白质的筛选研究

目的：寻找颞叶癫痫大鼠海马组织的差异表达基因和蛋白质，以期为进一步探讨颞叶癫痫的发病机制，寻找新的治疗靶点和研发新的治疗手段奠定基础。方法:运用cDNA微阵列、二维电泳和MALDI-TOF-MS技术，分析氯化锂-匹罗卡品（LiCl-PILO）致痫大鼠模型海马组织的基因表达谱和蛋白质表达谱，并对发现的差异表达基因和差异表达蛋白质进行分析和鉴定结果和。结论：发现LiCl-PILO致痫大鼠海马组织中192个基因差异表达，159条可在GenBank中登陆，其中表达上调的基因84条，表达下调的基因75条；筛选到78个差异表达蛋白质斑点，其中31个在癫痫组表达下调，47个在癫痫组表达上调。有5个蛋白质最终鉴定确认。本研究结果为运用蛋白质组学方法寻找癫痫治疗新靶点研究提供实验依据。     

Biolistic nuclear transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi

Summary The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been engineered to synthesize and secrete desulfato-hirudin (hirudin), a thrombin inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. The synthetic gene coding for hirudin was expressed constitutively under the control of four size-variants of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (GAP) and cloned into a 2 based multicopy yeast vector. The constitutive action of the four promoter variants was confirmed by demonstrating that the expression and secretion of hirudin is growth-related. The different efficiencies of the promoter variants not only affected hirudin expression but also led to changes in several cellular parameters, such as cell growth, average plasmid copy number and plasmid stability. The observed changes show that yeast cells establish a specific equilibrium for each promoter variant. We conclude, that the adjustment of cellular parameters in response to the expression levels of a heterologous protein is regulated by two counteracting selective forces: (1) the need for complementation of the auxotrophic host marker by the plasmid-encoded selection gene which, in the case of dLEU2, requires several plasmid copies; and (2) a selective advantage of cells with a lower copy number enabling them to escape the burden of heterologous protein production.