硬脑膜动静脉瘘65例

目的：对硬脑膜动静脉瘘临床诊断治疗特点进行探讨。方法：对60例患者行血管内栓塞治疗，5例行颈动脉压迫法治疗。其中13例1次栓塞，25 例行2次栓塞，17例行3次栓塞，5例行4次或多次栓塞，结果：治愈36例，好转25例，4例无效，无一例死亡，结论：硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床表现和预后与其发病部位，静脉引流类型密切相关，颈动脉压迫法及选择性血管内栓塞是安全有效的治疗方法。     

荷包环扎式结直肠吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌*

目的 :评价荷包环扎式结直肠吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌的价值。方法 :对低位直肠癌采用荷包环扎结直肠吻合保肛术治疗 2 3例 (A组 ) ,采用Miles手术治疗 2 6例 (B组 )。结果 :A组术后 1、3年生存率分别为 10 0 % (2 3/ 2 3) ,95 7% (2 2 / 2 3) ,术后无局部复发病例 ;排便功能优 16例 (6 9 6 % ) ,良 7例 (30 4 % )。B组术后 1、3年生存率分别为 10 0 % (2 6 / 2 6 ) ,96 2 % (2 5 /2 6 ) ,术后局部复发率 3 8% (1/ 2 6 )。两组术后 1、3年生存率 ,局部复发率经统计检验 ,均无显著差异 (P值均 >0 0 5 )。术后并发症 :A组无吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄发生 ,盆腔感染 1例。B组 :切口感染 1例 ,人工肛门狭窄 1例。结论 :采用螺纹支架管荷包环扎结直肠吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌既能达到根治目的 ,又有保留肛门的良好排便功能 ,且并发症少 ,操作简便易行 ,不用特殊器械 ,值得推广应用     

Techniques for performing laparoscopic liver resection in various hepatic locations

Many studies have recently reported on laparoscopic liver resection, although its development has been slow compared to laparoscopy in other fields. The indications for the location of laparoscopic liver resection have previously been limited to easily accessible lesions. Performing laparoscopic liver resection in the posterior and superior parts of the liver has been considered difficult due to inadequate exposure, the poor operative field and the difficulty with parenchymal dissection. Flexible endoscopy, high definition imaging and various kinds of equipment for parenchymal transection have been introduced for clinical use. In addition, much experience with this procedure has been accumulated at many centers. Accordingly, there are an increasing number of reports on laparoscopic liver resection in difficult locations. At our institution, the location of the tumor is no longer a limitation to laparoscopic liver resection. However, for safer laparoscopic liver resection, the patient positioning and trocar placement should be individualized according to the tumor location. The type of resection also may depend on the remaining liver’s functional capacity. We describe here the technical considerations for performing laparoscopic liver resection, including the technical considerations for performing laparoscopic liver resection for lesions located in the postero-superior segments of the liver.     

心血管疾病并发焦虑抑郁症状2050例心理干预治疗分析

目的:了解心血管疾病并发焦虑抑郁症状的情况并探讨心理干预等对焦虑抑郁症状的影响。方法:对住院的2050例心血管疾病并发焦虑抑郁症状的患者进行回顾性分析。结果:心血管疾病患者中并发有焦虑抑郁症状者占56%;其常表现为类似心绞痛、左心衰竭症状,可并发有心律失常;高血压病并发有焦虑抑郁患者对血压升高的耐受性差,动态血压检查以非勺型改变者居多;单纯使用心血管药物治疗效果欠佳,心理干预,焦虑抑郁症状严重者结合抗焦虑抑郁药物疗效显著。结论:心血管疾病患者常并发焦虑抑郁症状,心理干预治疗等可有效改善患者的症状。     

38例腰腿痛患者影像学检查及结果分析

目的 合理应用影像学检查,探讨腰腿痛的病因诊断,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 对38例腰腿痛患者进行随访,观察普通照片后经CT、MRI及B超等复查的最后诊断,对比进行分析.结果 单纯普通照片对椎间盘脱出、椎管狭窄、骶部硬膜外囊肿、股骨头无菌坏死、梨状肌损伤等疾病缺乏直接征象,不能作为诊断依据.结论 应用CT、MRI现代影像技术,同时借助B超、肌电图等相关检查,是确诊腰腿痛病因的有效方法.     

487例垂体腺瘤伽玛刀治疗后内分泌学远期效果分析

目的 评估487例垂体腺瘤行伽玛刀治疗后内分泌方面的改变,并分析性功能的改善情况.方法 对487例垂体腺瘤患者进行立体定向伽玛刀治疗,对他们作半年到7年的随访,记录其血液内分泌的水平和性功能的状况并进行了分析.结果 在随访的患者中,PRL腺瘤和GH腺瘤内分泌水平分别有53.7%、31.8%降至正常,而分别有24.2%、45.5%继续升高;在PRL腺瘤伽玛刀术后内分泌水平继续升高的患者中,有较高比例是术后自行停止服用溴隐亭;无功能型、PRL型、GH型、混合型垂体腺瘤性功能明显改善分别为1.7%、28.8%、10.8%、20.0%.结论 立体定向伽玛刀放射外科治疗垂体腺瘤可以改善内分泌学方面的异常,单从这一角度分析该方法可以作为垂体腺瘤的首选治疗,并完全替代传统的分次放疗.伽玛刀治疗后仍然需要继续服用溴隐亭.伽玛刀治疗可以改善垂体腺瘤患者的性功能;但为了更好的改善性功能,提倡对垂体腺瘤(包括垂体微腺瘤)进行早期的立体定向伽玛刀治疗.     

Alberta早期CT评分的临床应用

超早期溶栓被公认为脑血栓形成最有效的治疗手段，但是，什么样的患者最适合溶栓治疗，目前还没有一种公认的标准。有学者提出用一种基于CT早期缺血性改变的半定量方法——Alberta早期CT评分（ASPECTS）来选择适合溶栓治疗的患者。ASPECTS是一种仅适用于评价大脑中动脉（MCA）供血区缺血改变的量表，其总分为10分。ASPECTS=10分提示MCA供血区无早期缺血征象，ASPECTS=0分表示MCA供血区广泛缺血，提示MCA主干闭塞。多数学者认为，ASPECTS〉7分的患者是溶栓治疗的最佳候选者，而当ASPECTS≤7分时，溶栓治疗不但不能改善症状，反而会增高颅内出血的风险。然而，对ASPECTS的溶栓治疗选择标准仍然存在一些不同的看法，文章就ASPECTS的具体操作及其在临床实践中的应用进行了综述。     

Neurochemical studies on the mesolimbic circuitry of antinociception

Previous studies using the technique of microinjection into brain nuclei indicated that the periaqueductal gray (PAG), nucleus accumbens, habenula and amygdala play an essential role in pain modulation and that these nuclei possibly act through a ‘mesolimbic neural loop‘ to exert an analgesic effect, in which Met-enkephalin (MEK) and β-endorphin (β-EP) have been implicated as the two major opioid peptides involved in antinociception. In the present study performed in rabbits, intracranial microinjection was supplemented with push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay to determine whether the release of enkephalins (ENK) and β-EP was increased in these nuclei when the putative neural circuit was activated by morphine administered into one of the nuclei. The results showed: (1) microinjection of morphine into the PAG increased the release of ENK and β-EP in the N. accumbens, and vice versa; (2) microinjection of morphine into the N. accumbens increased the release of ENK and β-EP in the amygdala, and vice versa; (3) morphine microinjected into the PAG caused an increase in the release of ENK and β-EP in the amygdala and vice versa, although the release of ENK in PAG was statistically not significant. These results indicate that PAG, N. accumbens and amygdala are connected in a network served by a positive feedback circuitry.