不同腹水超滤量对71例难治性肝硬化腹水患者的影响

目的研究不同腹水超滤量对难治性腹水临床疗效及安全性的影响。方法将符合诊断标准的71例肝硬化难治性腹水病例随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组单次超滤量3 000~8 000 ml,3~7 d后再次或多次行腹水超滤治疗,治疗组单次超滤量8000~16 000 ml,抽尽腹水,若抽取废液量为3 000~8 000 ml,则纳入对照组。观察治疗前后临床症状、腹围、尿量、体质量、并发症、平均住院日、住院费用;治疗前、后3 d、随访3个月末检测肝肾功能、电解质等,计算Child pugh积分、Meld积分。结果 (1)治疗组、对照组腹水超滤次数分别为(2.14±1.07)次、(3.57±1.42)次,废液总量分别为(26 347.22±13 477.40)ml、(21 180.00±9 137.73)ml,平均住院日分别为(21.37±3.40)d、(26.46±2.78)d,平均住院费用分别为(15 356.12±3 526.15)元、(18 737.35±4 671.23)元,两组腹水超滤次数、平均住院日、平均住院费用相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),废液总量相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)两组总有效率分别为91.67%、65.71%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);(3)两组发生肝性脑病、上消化道出血、肝肾综合征、原发性肝癌、死亡以及其他(局部渗血)情况相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹水超滤浓缩回输术治疗单次超滤量8 000~16 000 ml比3 000~8 000 ml能显著降低腹水超滤次数、缩短住院日、降低住院费用,更有效控制腹水增长,两组治疗安全性均好,但腹水超滤浓缩回输术治疗不能阻止疾病的进展。     

三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗(Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌的可行性及优势。方法选取60例确诊的无手术指征的中晚期肝癌患者,先行TACE,将导管置于肝固有动脉,灌注5-氟脲嘧1 000 mg+羟基喜树碱20 mg,然后用微导管超选肿瘤供血动脉,将超液化碘油10 ml与吡柔比星30 mg制成碘油化疗乳剂,对肿瘤进行栓塞;而后再注入细微颗粒对肿瘤血管进行栓塞,如PVA颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒,造影复查肿瘤供血动脉消失。3~4周后复查上腹部CT、肝肾功能、血常规,如果肿块体积过大,须再次行TACE治疗,待肿块缩小后,再进行3DCRT;TACE平均为3~5次。所有患者均行3DCRT。结果放疗结束1个月后评价疗效,其中完全缓解(CR)11例,部分缓解(PR)34例,无变化(NC)12例,进展(PD)3例,总有效率(CR+PR)为75%,1年生存率80%,2年生存率35%,3年生存率13.3%,死于非肿瘤相关疾病6例(10%),至随访日生存者5例(8.3%)。全组中位生存时间16个月。结论 3DCRT联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌是一种安全有效的方法,它能更好地杀灭肿瘤细胞、明显提高肿瘤局控率、延长生存期、提高生存质量,是治疗中晚期肝癌理想、有效的一种方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Radiomics in liver diseases: Current progress and future opportunities

Liver diseases, a wide spectrum of pathologies from inflammation to neoplasm, have become an increasingly significant health problem worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a critical role in the clinical workflow of liver diseases, but conventional imaging assessment may provide limited information. Accurate detection, characterization and monitoring remain challenging. With progress in quantitative imaging analysis techniques, radiomics emerged as an efficient tool that shows promise to aid in personalized diagnosis and treatment decision‐making. Radiomics could reflect the heterogeneity of liver lesions via extracting high‐throughput and high‐dimensional features from multi‐modality imaging. Machine learning algorithms are then used to construct clinical target‐oriented imaging biomarkers to assist disease management. Here, we review the methodological process in liver disease radiomics studies in a stepwise fashion from data acquisition and curation, region of interest segmentation, liver‐specific feature extraction, to task‐oriented modelling. Furthermore, the applications of radiomics in liver diseases are outlined in aspects of diagnosis and staging, evaluation of liver tumour biological behaviours, and prognosis according to different disease type. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of radiomics in liver disease studies and explore its future opportunities.     

Chemerin is associated with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome phenotypes in hypertension patients

Background: Chemerin is a new adipokine elevated in states of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In order to identify the role of chemerin in hypertension, we conducted a case--control study to evaluate the role of chemerin in hypertension.

Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven new-diagnosed essential hypertensive (EH) patients and one hundred and ten normotensive healthy subjects (NT) were enrolled. After an overnight fasting, participants underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). Anthropometric measurements and serum analyses were checked, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glucose, chemerin, hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6.

Results: Compared with healthy controls, subjects with hypertension had significantly higher chemerin serum levels (p?p?p?=?0.289).

Conclusions: Chemerin is strongly associated with markers of inflammation and components of the metabolic syndrome in hypertensive subjects and was independently associated with hypertension after adjustment for age, gender and metabolic risk factors.     

一例复合型甘油激酶缺乏症导致的慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退报道

肾上腺皮质功能减退是肾上腺皮质合成、分泌甾体激素功能减退,包括靶器官对这些甾体激素呈抵抗状态。临床表现为无力、衰竭、厌食、失盐和体位性低血压等皮质激素不足或缺乏的症状,出现危象时可致命,因此及早的诊断、皮质醇替代及病因学治疗尤为重要。本研究总结1例复合型甘油激酶缺乏导致慢性肾上腺皮质功能不全患儿的临床特征、诊断以及鉴别诊断,以期提高临床医生对该症的认识。     

Analysis of density and epitopes of D antigen on the surface of erythrocytes from DEL phenotypic individuals carrying the RHD1227A allele

Background

The characteristics of the D antigen are important as they influence the immunogenicity of D variant cells. Several studies on antigenic sites have been reported in normal D positive, weak D and partial D cases, including a comprehensive analysis of DEL types in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to assess D antigen density and epitopes on the erythrocyte surface of Asian type DEL phenotypic individuals carrying the RHD1227A allele in the Chinese population.

Materials and methods

A total of 154 DEL phenotypic individuals carrying the RHD1227A allele were identified through adsorption and elution tests and polymerase chain reaction analysis with sequence-specific primers in the Chinese population. D antigen density on the erythrocyte surface of these individuals was detected using a flow cytometric method. An erythrocyte sample with known D antigen density was used as a standard. Blood samples from D-negative and D-positive individuals were used as controls. In addition, D antigen epitopes on the erythrocyte surface of DEL individuals carrying the RHD1227A allele were investigated with 18 monoclonal anti-D antibodies specific for different D antigen epitopes.

Results

The means of the median fluorescence intensity of D antigen on the erythrocyte membrane surface of D-negative, D-positive and DEL individuals were 2.14±0.25, 193.61±11.43 and 2.45±0.82, respectively. The DEL samples were estimated to have approximately 22 D antigens per cell. The samples from all 154 DEL individuals reacted positively with 18 monoclonal anti-D antibodies specific for different D antigen epitopes.

Discussion

In this study, D antigen density on the erythrocyte surface of DEL individuals carrying the RHD1227A allele was extremely low, there being only very few antigenic molecules per cell, but the D antigen epitopes were grossly complete.     

肺动脉高压患者肺功能变化特点研究

目的探讨肺动脉高压患者进行常规肺功能（PFT）及脉冲震荡肺功能（IOS）测定的临床意义。方法对51例经右心导管检查确诊的特发性肺动脉高压（IPAH）患者及慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压（cTEPH）患者和20名健康者依次进行脉冲震荡肺功能及常规肺功能检测,分析两组人群肺功能各项指标的变化特点。结果IPAH患者一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比（D。CO％pred）较CTEPH患者明显下降（76．60±19．98和93．62±18．77,P〈0．01）,肺动脉高压组较正常对照组FEVlOpred、FVC％pred、FEV1／FVC、最大呼气中期流量占预计值百分比（MMEF％pred）、最大自主通气量占预计值百分比（MVV％pred）、DLCO％pred等指标明显降低（分别为82．17±16．19和98．38±7．95,88．13±16．64和97．93±9.7,78．66±7．47和84。47±4．58,57．34±16．14和81.18±17．82,83．08±30．41和108．21±27．04,83．61±21．07和109．86土15．73,P〈O．01）,气道总阻力占预计值百分比（Rtot％pred）、Z5占预计值百分比（Z50pred）、R5占预计值百分比（R5Yopred）、R5-R20、X5、AX、Fres等指标明显升高（分别为131．16±46．22和90．90士28．99,146．98±59．22和104．21±19．93,139．57±53．68和100．10±8．79,1．68±1．52和0．45±0．25,1．37±1．19和0．89±0．20,12．78±15．63和5．73±2．49,17．22±5．94和10．33±1．87,P〈O．01）。WHO肺动脉高压功能分级（WH0FC）UI级患者较Ⅱ级患者R5-R20、X5、AX、Fres等指标明显升高（分别为2．28±1．88和1.11±0．73,1．77±1．55和0．98±0．45,18．27±20．47和7．50±5．20,18．92±6．50和15．58±4．93,P〈0．05）。结论IPAH患者较cTEPH患者平均确诊年龄更低。但确诊时血流动力学指标受损更严重,肺功能指标除弥散功能IPAH患者更差外,其他肺功能改变两类患者基本类似。肺动脉高压患者存在轻度限制性及阻塞性通气?