灌注液对糖尿病玻璃体切割手术中角膜内皮的影响

目的 评价不同灌注液对糖尿病玻璃体切割手术中角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法 对30例术中应用BSS或BSSPlus的糖尿病玻璃体切割手术眼的角膜内皮细胞密度和细胞面积变异系数进行前瞻性研究．结果 无囊膜组中应用BSSPlus的玻切手术眼角膜内皮细胞密度、细胞面积变异系数与应用BSS的手术眼之间存在明显差异，在有囊膜组中二者之间无明显差异。结论 对于囊膜不完整的糖尿病患者玻切手术中使用BSSPlus可减轻手术对角膜内皮细胞的损害。     

2001年与2004年抗菌药物应用情况比较

目的　了解抗菌药物应用的基本情况。方法　将 2 0 0 1年 3月 14 3 0例住院患者病历与 2 0 0 4年 3月的 2 0 66例住院患者病历进行回顾性调查和对比分析。结果　 2 0 0 1年的 14 3 0例中有 948(66 3 % )例 ,和 2 0 0 4年的 2 0 66例有 10 60例 (5 1.3 % ) ,应用了抗菌药物。结论　定期检查考评 ,严格掌握用药指征 ,是加强抗菌药物应用管理的关键。     

根据桂枝汤的效应消除半衰期和表观消除半衰期制订给药方案的探讨

为探讨药效法估测的效应消除半衰期和效量法估测的表观半衰期对合理制订给药方案的意义和作用,以桂枝汤解热和抗炎的药物动力学实验中所得的相应参数值设计了给药方案,观察了它们在提高药效上的作用。结果表明在给药总剂量相等、首次给药同时开始的情况下,以半衰期设计的给药方案组的药效均明显高于习惯的一次给药组;而以效应消除半衰期设计给药方案组药效增强率又高于以表观半衰期设计的方案组。提示效应消除半衰期比表观半衰期似更有实践意义。     

Comparison of Marker Intervals and Number of Sib Pairs Used for Linkage Analysis on Simulated Nuclear Family Data

Using a two‐stage global scan design, we analyzed general population replicates 1 and 42 of the Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 12 simulated data set using three methods: revisited Haseman‐Elston (HER), maximum likelihood variance estimation (ML), and variance components (VC). Three marker densities, 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐cM intervals, were examined in the first‐stage scan. We found that the 10‐cM interval appears to be the most cost‐effective approach in genotyping without sacrificing power when using a first stage significance level of 0.01. Subsequently, we performed the second‐stage scan at 1‐cM intervals for those putative positive regions identified in the first‐stage scan at a significance level of 0.01. We also compared the power to detect linkage using different numbers of sib pairs for a genome‐wide scan at a 10‐cM interval and found that power decreases nonlinearly as the number of sib pairs decreases. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

中风后癫痫的临床研究

本文报告３６例中风后癫痫发作的临床和ＣＴ资料。通过回顾性病历复习和随访发现，中风后癫痫的发生率占同期住院中风患者的５．２６％，以蛛网膜下腔出血和脑栓塞发生癫痫比率最高，分别为１５％和１２．５％。癫痫发作与ＣＴ所见病灶分布密切相关，皮质病灶较皮质下病灶更易发生病病。癫痫发作可发生于中风后任何时期，但早期癫痫以出血性中风多见，而迟发性癫痫则更多见于脑梗塞患者。     

浙江医科大学附二院门诊处方中精神药物使用调查

本文对浙江医科大学附属二院１９９３年７月间３１３７８张合格处方进行统计分析，并用限定日剂量（ＤＤＤ）和药物使用指数（ＤＵＩ）为指标，分析镇静催眠药物使用情况。结果表明苯二氮　类药方２０６７张，占总处方量的６．５９％，巴比妥类药方４９张，占０．１６％，麻醉药方１１１张；占０．３５％。苯二氮　类药方中．女性处方量１２０２张，男性处方量８６５张，男、女组间比较有显著性差异。苯二氮　类药方多分布在神经内科，常用的药有舒乐安定和阿普唑仑。九种常用的苯二氮　类药和麻醉性镇痛药的ＤＵＩ均小于１。提示药物滥用现象少见，该院对这类药物的管理比较严格。麻醉性镇痛药中二氢埃托啡处方占６７．５７％。     

Transforming Prenatal Care: Reflections on the Past and Present With Implications for the Future

The current model for delivery of prenatal care was developed more than 100 years ago. Evidence suggests that this model is no longer appropriate for meeting national health objectives or for meeting the needs of a diverse population of pregnant women. This article provides a historical overview of prenatal care; describes the current system for care delivery and problems associated with it; and suggests strategies for transforming care into an effective, comprehensive model. JOGNN, 25, 17–23; 1996.     

Absence of relaxation to lactate in human placental vessels of pregnancies with severe preeclampsia

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether the observed relaxation to lactate and other agents in placental vessels of normal pregnancies is altered in severe preeclampsia.STUDY DESIGN: Isolated placental arteries and veins from women with severe preeclampsia and uncomplicated term pregnancies were precontracted with prostaglandin F_2α under 5% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide with the balance nitrogen (Po₂ 35 to 38 torr) and then exposed to lactate (1 to 10 mmol/L, pH 7.4, n = 8 to 15), arachidonic acid (0.01 to 10 μmol/L, n = 6 to 13), nitroglycerin (1 nmol to 1 μmol/L, n = 4 to 12), or forskolin (0.01 to 10 μmol/L, n = 6 to 9). The response to lactate was also examined in placental vessels from appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm deliveries (n = 8) for comparison with a similar group with severe preeclampsia (n = 8). The t test and analysis of variance statistics were used.RESULTS: Relaxation to lactate was markedly inhibited in both placental arteries and veins of women with severe preeclampsia compared with vessels from uncomplicated term or preterm pregnancies. Responses to the other relaxing agents were not altered in the severely preeclampsia vessels.CONCLUSIONS: In severe preeclampsia absence of lactate-induced dilatation of placental vessels may contribute to the fetal complications associated with impaired blood flow and vasospasm.     

中国内地城市和香港9～18岁学生心肺耐力及肌肉素质的比较研究

为了比较中国内地城市和香港青少年儿童的心肺耐力和肌肉素质，对两地的青少年儿童体质调查数据进行了比较研究。结果发现：内地各年龄组男女生的心肺耐力均优于香港同龄者；香港青少年儿童的肌肉素质除立定跳远外，其他项目的成绩均弱于内地青少年儿童。提示：随着生活水平的提高，应重视青少年儿童对体育活动的参与。     

北京市东城区和平里社区居民慢性病防治探讨

为探索慢性病的防治方法，我们于１９８９￣１９９４年社区居民中开展了以高血压为主的循环系统慢性病防治课题，经过５年的干预，观察组与对照组居民及接受管理的高血压病人在减少吸烟，饮酒，控制食盐摄入，掌握慢性病防治知识等方面有显著性差异，取得了满意的结果，从而为今后全面开展慢性病防治积累了经验。