伊伐布雷定对糖尿病伴冠心病患者的效果观察

目的 探讨伊伐布雷定对糖尿病伴冠心病患者的效果观察。方法 选择2018年1月至2019年1月本院收治的糖尿病伴冠心病患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,各45例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上服用伊伐布雷定。对比两组临床疗效、心功能指标、炎性因子、血液流变学指标。结果 治疗后,观察组总有效率97.78%高于对照组80.00%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组心率（71.63±3.21）次/min及氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）（755.48±346.42）ng/L水平、空腹血糖( FPG)（6.55±1.14）mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白( HbA1c)（6.13±1.08）%、餐后2 h 血糖(2hPG)（7.14±0.52）mmol/L、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）（0.81±0.21）ng/L、白介素-6（IL-6）（7.42±1.21）ng/L、血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）（1.24±0.54）mg/L水平、全血黏度（33.92±1.13）mpa?s、血浆黏度（1.35±0.09）mpa?s、血浆纤维蛋白原（2.01±0.03）g/L低于对照组心率（84.06±3.54）次/min、NT-proBNP（1598.14±309.34）ng/L水平、FPG（7.95±1.02）mmol/L、HbA1c（7.12±1.23）%、2hPG（7.87±0.76）mmol/L、TNF-α（1.06±0.28）ng/L、IL-6（9.24±1.52）ng/L、hs-CRP（1.67±0.72）mg/L水平、全血黏度（38.10±1.18）mpa?s、血浆黏度（1.58±0.13）mpa?s、血浆纤维蛋白原（2.64±0.16）g/L;且观察组左心室射血分数（LVEF）（50.69±4.98）%、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）（45.70±4.70）mm、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）（45.20±3.81）mm、6 min步行距离（422.67±70.54）m高于对照组LVEF（46.72±5.38）%、LVESD（50.52±5.20）mm、LVEDD（49.40±4.03）mm水平、6 min步行距离（322.04±53.12）m,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 伊伐布雷定有助于糖尿病伴冠心病患者降低NT-proBNP水平、改善心功能指标、降低炎性因子水平和血液流变学指标,改善患者临床疗效,提高患者生活质量,有助于患者转归。     

腹水浓缩回输治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者肾血流和血清血管活性因子水平的变化

目的 研究腹水浓缩回输治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者疗效及对肾血流和血清血管活性因子的影响。方法 2016年5月～2018年5月收治的102例失代偿期肝硬化患者,其中60例接受腹水浓缩回输治疗,42例接受常规治疗,观察2 w。使用超声检测肾主动脉(MRA)、叶间动脉(IRA)和段动脉(SRA)收缩期最大血流速度和舒张期最低血流速度,检测血清内毒素(LPS)、血栓素(TX)、白三烯(LT)、醛固酮(ALD)和心钠肽(ANP)水平。结果 在治疗2 w末,观察组24 h尿量为(1864.9±206.5)ml,显著多于对照组【(1050.7±186.2)ml,t = 5.366,P = 0.000】;观察组腹水消退时间为(13.8±4.5)d,显著短于对照组【(20.3±8.0)d,t = 5.011,P = 0.000】;观察组MRA、IRA和SRA肾血管收缩期最大血流速度分别为(75.5±9.0)cm/s、(37.2±4.4)cm/s和(56.4±5.7)cm/s,显著快于对照组;观察组舒张期最低血流速度分别为[(25.7±3.6)cm/s、(16.3±3.1)cm/s和(14.9±2.7)cm/s,显著快于对照组;观察组血清LPS、TX、LT和ALD水平分别为(10.6±1.8)pg/ml、(95.2±14.5)pg/ml、(88.4±7.7)pg/ml和(189.6±12.4)pg/ml,均显著低于,而血清ANP水平为(347.1±60.4)ng/L,显著高于对照组【分别为(13.2±2.1)pg/ml、(104.5±18.7)pg/ml、(94.7±8.5)pg/ml、(198.7±15.8)pg/ml和(271.3±44.7)ng/L,P < 0.05】。结论 采取腹水浓缩回输治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者近期消退腹水作用明显,可能与改善了肾血流量,调节了血管活性因子水平有关。     

呼吸训练器与缩唇呼气对AECOPD患者排痰效果的对比研究

目的比较呼吸训练器与缩唇呼气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者中的排痰效果。方法于2018年3月至5月因急性加重住院的40例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者随机分为2组,观察和比较呼吸训练器和缩唇呼气的排痰效果。结果呼吸训练器和缩唇呼气干预期间,2组痰液总量和纯痰液容量均比干预前的显著增多(呼吸训练器组:P值均<0.01;缩唇呼气组:P值均<0.05),其中呼吸训练器增加痰液总量比缩唇呼气更显著(P<0.05);呼吸训练器组的痰液水成分容量/痰液总量比值比干预前明显增加(P<0.01),呼吸训练器组的咳嗽难度和痰液性状均比干预前的明显改善(P值均<0.05),呼吸训练器组的痰黏稠度较干预前提高(P<0.05),而缩唇呼气的咳嗽难度、痰液性状和痰黏稠度没有改变;排痰干预后期,2组痰液总量和纯痰液容量均低于干预前期的,2组痰黏稠度均比干预前期增加,其中呼吸训练器组的效果更显著,但咳嗽难度和痰液性状均比干预前期和干预期的明显改善;2组干预期和干预后期,BORG评分和外周氧饱和度均较干预前改善。结论呼吸训练器与缩唇呼气均能帮助AECOPD患者排痰,呼吸训练器更能促进痰水化、改善痰性状和加快排痰。     

CT混合征与CT血管成像斑点征对急性脑出血血肿扩大的预测价值

目的分析CT混合征与CT血管成像(CTA)斑点征对急性脑出血患者血肿扩大的预测价值。方法回顾性连续纳入2016年3月至2018年12月昆明医科大学第二附属医院脑血管病科收治的急性脑出血患者,发病6 h内进行基线CT及CTA扫描,明确血肿体积、部位、形态及密度(混合征及斑点征),并于发病24 h后复查CT判定是否出现血肿扩大,根据判定结果将符合纳入标准的186例急性脑出血患者分为血肿扩大组(56例)和非血肿扩大组(130例)。收集患者一般临床资料并进行组间比较,对血肿扩大的各影响因素进行Logistic回归分析,计算受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积并比较混合征与斑点征对血肿扩大的预测价值。结果血肿扩大组出现混合征[35.7%(20/56)]、斑点征[44.6%(25/56)]的比例明显高于非血肿扩大组[混合征12.3%(16/130)、斑点征15.4%(20/130)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为13.738、18.269,均P<0.01);患者入院时存在CT混合征(OR=3.273,95%CI:1.955~5.413)、CTA斑点征(OR=3.207,95%CI:1.275~8.069)及低GCS评分(OR=1.382,95%CI:1.215~1.573)、高血糖(OR=1.281,95%CI:1.088~1.509)、基线血肿体积大(OR=1.118,95%CI:1.023~1.222)、血肿形态不规则(OR=4.530,95%CI:1.297~15.828)均是血肿扩大的独立危险因素。混合征联合斑点征预测血肿扩大的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为51.8%、78.5%、50.9%、79.1%,其ROC曲线下面积为0.666(P<0.01),略高于单一斑点征(曲线下面积0.642,P=0.002)及单一混合征(曲线下面积0.617,P=0.011)。结论除血糖、GCS评分、基线血肿体积、血肿形态以外,混合征、斑点征也与血肿扩大相关。混合征联合斑点征预测急性脑出血血肿扩大的能力优于单一征象。     

Association of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Stroke Risk,Severity and Prognosis

Aim: To investigate the association of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in terms of risk, severity, and outcomes. Prediction models were established to screen high-risk patients and predict prognosis of AIS patients.Methods: We enrolled in this study 355 AIS patients and 171 non-AIS controls. AIS was subtyped according to TOAST criteria, and the severity and outcomes of AIS were measured. Blood glucose and lipid profiles including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoproteins were measured in all patients using automatic measure. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected by the Lipoprint LDL system.Results: As compared with the non-AIS control group, the AIS group had higher sdLDL-C levels. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the sdLDL-C level and risk of AIS, especially non-cardioembolic stroke, were positively correlated. The area under the curve of sdLDL-C for AIS risk was 0.665, better than that of other lipids. Additionally, the sdLDL-C level was significantly correlated with AIS severity and bad outcomes. A logistic regression model for assessing the probability of AIS occurrence and a prognostic prediction model were established based on sdLDL-C and other variables.Conclusions: Elevated levels of sdLDL-C were associated with a higher prevalence of AIS, especially in non-cardioembolic stroke subtypes. After adjustment for other risk factors, sdLDL-C was found to be an independent risk factor for AIS. Also, sdLDL-C level was strongly associated with AIS severity and poor functional outcomes. Logistic regression models for AIS risk and prognosis prediction were established to help clinicians provide better prevention for high-risk subjects and monitor their prognosis.