直接冠状动脉内支架安置术和r-SK静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的对比研究

①目的　比较急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病人直接冠状动脉内支架安置和重组链激酶 (r SK)静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效。②方法　对初次发病 1 2h以内的 1 0 5例AMI病人 ,随机给予直接冠状动脉内支架安置 (支架组 ,6 0例 )和静脉r SK溶栓 (溶栓组 ,5 5例 )治疗。观察两组梗死相关血管再通成功率、心肌梗死溶栓试验 (TIMI)Ⅲ级血流发生率、平均住院天数、住院病死率 ,出院前二维超声心动图测定并推算左心室射血分数 (LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数 (RWMI) ,出院后 6个月病死率、LVEF和RWMI。③结果　支架组与溶栓组相比较 ,梗死相关血管再通率显著提高、TIMIⅢ级血流发生率显著增加、平均住院天数显著缩短、住院病死率显著降低 (χ2 =5 .4 2 4～2 8.931 ,t=7.90 1 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 ) ;出院前LVEF和RWMI ,两组间存在显著差异 (t =3.2 91、2 .1 2 7,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 ) ;出院后 6个月病死率、LVEF和RWMI ,两组比较无显著差异。出院后 6个月LVEF、RWMI与出院前比较 ,支架组与溶栓组均有显著改善 (t=2 .1 92～ 4 .6 1 1 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 )。④结论　与静脉r SK溶栓治疗相比 ,直接冠状动脉内支架安置术治疗AMI,可更有效地再通梗死相关血管、降低住院病死率、更有效地保护病人心脏功能     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检203例临床分析

目的评估经直肠超声引导的前列腺六针穿刺活检在前列腺癌及前列腺其他疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。方法对指肛检查阳性，血清PSA〉4pg／L及经直肠超声检查前列腺声像图异常怀疑有占位性病变的203人进行经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检。结果穿刺活检的203例病理结果：良性前列腺增生（BPH）104例占51．24％，前列腺癌（PCa）95例占46．80％，前列腺结核及前列腺平滑肌肉瘤各2例，分别占0．98％。结论经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检其操作简单，病人痛苦小，并发症少，较安全。在前列腺癌及其他前列腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要的临床价值。     

抗端粒酶核酶抑制肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的研究

设计针对端粒酶RNA组分的特异性核酶，研究该核酶对肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。构建含针对端粒酶RNA组分锤头状核酶基因的重组真核表达质粒pBBS212-RZ，以及建立人肝癌细胞株HepG2裸鼠移植瘤模型。将不同剂量的pBBS212-RZ用脂质体包裹后进行瘤体内多点注射，对照组注射生理盐水或空质粒载体pBBS212。连续注射2l天后，测量移植瘤体积和重量，检测瘤组织端粒酶活性。抗端粒酶特异性核酶使瘤组织端粒酶活性下降(抑制率为72％)，明显地抑制了肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长(抑制率为68％)，且存在剂量依赖性。抗端粒酶特异性核酶作为一种有效的端粒酶抑制剂，可抑制肝癌细胞的生长，有望在肝癌基因治疗中发挥作用。     

介入神经放射治疗43例

１９８５～１９９３年对４３例脑血管病及脑肿瘤患者应用介入神经放射治疗方法进行了５１次治疗，包括外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的球囊栓塞治疗８例；脑、脊髓血管畸形的栓塞治疗１７例；各种脑肿瘤术前栓塞７例；经皮穿刺血管内成型治疗脑供血动脉狭窄３例和脑胶质瘤超选择化疗８例，效果良好，介入神经放射治疗已成为重要的临床治疗手段，是某些脑血管疾病的首选治疗方法。     

食管癌与贲门癌术后胃排空障碍15例临床分析

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因、诊断及防治。方法：回顾性分析15例食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因，区分功能性及机械性胃排空障碍的诊断，提出防治措施。结果：15例患者中11例功能性胃排空障碍，经保守治疗治愈。4例机械性胃排空障碍经手术治愈。常规行幽门成形术者，无胃排空障碍发生。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的发生与手术方式、术中操作及迷走神经干的切断等因素有关。应规范手术操作，常规行幽门成形术及辅以胃肠动力药物等进行治疗。     

利多卡因对缺氧/复氧后肝细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨利多卡因预处理对肝细胞缺氧/复氧后Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响。方法将体外培养的肝细胞分为三组:缺氧/复氧组(Ⅰ组)、利多卡因预处理组(Ⅱ组)和正常对照组(Ⅲ组),每组10份。检测肝细胞缺氧/复氧培养后细胞培养液中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度,肝细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达、肝细胞凋亡率及超微结构变化。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组细胞培养液中ALT、AST浓度、肝细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达和肝细胞凋亡率较Ⅲ组均升高(P<0.05),透射电镜示肝细胞损伤,可见凋亡细胞;Ⅱ组细胞复氧后培养液中ALT、AST浓度、肝细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率均低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而肝细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达较Ⅰ组升高(P<0.05),透射电镜观察也显示Ⅱ组肝细胞比Ⅰ组损伤轻微。结论利多卡因预处理可以在一定程度上减轻缺氧/复氧后肝细胞损伤,降低细胞凋亡率,保护机制可能与Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

Morphine Preconditions Purkinje Cells against Cell Death under In Vitro Simulated Ischemia-Reperfusion Conditions

Background: Morphine pretreatment via activation of [delta]1-opioid receptors induces cardioprotection. In this study, the authors determined whether morphine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance in neurons.

Methods: Cerebellar brain slices from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with morphine at 0.1-10 [mu]m in the presence or absence of various antagonists for 30 min. They were then kept in morphine- and antagonist-free buffer for 30 min before they were subjected to simulated ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation) for 20 min. After being recovered in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 5 h, they were fixed for morphologic examination to determine the percentage of undamaged Purkinje cells.

Results: The survival rate of Purkinje cells was significantly higher in slices preconditioned with morphine (>= 0.3 [mu]m) before the oxygen-glucose deprivation (57 +/- 4% at 0.3 [mu]m morphine) than that of the oxygen-glucose deprivation alone (39 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). This morphine preconditioning-induced neuroprotection was abolished by naloxone, a non-type-selective opioid receptor antagonist, by naltrindole, a selective [delta]-opioid receptor antagonist, or by 7-benzylidenenaltrexone, a selective [delta]1-opioid receptor antagonist. However, the effects were not blocked by the [mu]-, [kappa]-, or [delta]2-opioid receptor antagonists, [beta]-funaltrexamine, nor-binaltorphimine, or naltriben, respectively. Morphine preconditioning-induced neuroprotection was partially blocked by the selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel antagonist, 5-hydroxydecanoate, or the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor, myxothiazol. None of the inhibitors used in this study alone affected the simulated ischemia-induced neuronal death.     

Quantifying the blood oxygenation level dependent effect in cerebral blood volume-weighted functional MRI at 9.4T.

In cerebral blood volume (CBV)-weighted functional MRI (fMRI) employing superparamagnetic contrast agent, iron dose and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contamination are two important issues for experimental design and CBV quantification. Both BOLD and CBV-weighted fMRI are based upon the susceptibility effect, to which spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences have different sensitivities. In the present study, CBV-weighted fMRI was conducted using spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences at 9.4T by systematically changing the doses of contrast agent. Results suggest that BOLD contamination is a significant component in CBV-weighted fMRI at high field, particularly when relatively low dose of contrast agent is administered. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the extravascular (EV) BOLD effect. With a TE of 35 ms, the EV BOLD effect was estimated to account for 76+/-12% of the observed spin-echo fMRI signal at 9.4T. These data suggest that correcting BOLD effect may be necessary for accurately quantifying activation-induced CBV changes at high field.     

尺骨冠状突骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨尺骨冠状突骨折的手术适应证、入路及内固定方法。方法自1998年1月～2005年1月手术治疗尺骨冠状突骨折患者23例(24侧)。Regan-Morrey分型:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型15例(16侧),Ⅲ型7例。内固定方法:克氏针张力带钢丝及螺丝钉固定各6侧,克氏针加丝线固定3侧,单纯克氏针固定2侧,钢丝环扎固定1侧,骨片摘除5侧,冠状突重建1侧。结果对随访资料完整的20例(21侧)进行9～28个月(平均19个月)的随访,根据肘关节活动范围、疼痛程度、肌力,以及稳定性进行评定疗效:优9侧,良6侧,可3侧,差3侧,优良率71.4%。肘关节半脱位2例,骨化性肌炎2例,无肘关节脱位及肘关节强直等严重并发症。结论Ⅲ型骨折、明显移位及伴有肘关节不稳的Ⅱ型骨折宜采用手术治疗;手术不仅可以复位、固定骨折,同时也可修复或重建损伤的韧带,可早期行肘关节功能练习;正确的手术入路及内固定方法是提高疗效的关键。     

十二指肠镜在胆囊切除术后的应用

目的　通过分析 12 4例胆囊切除术后综合 (PCS)征临床资料 ,探讨PCS的病因和诊断方法以及评价ERCP的诊断价值。方法　对 12 4例临床诊断为PCS的患者行B超、胃镜或上消化道钡餐检查 ,以明确病因。结果　 12 4例患者插管 ,成功率 93 5 % ,胆管结石 6 8例 ,胆管扩张 4 7例 ,胆管狭窄2 6例 ,胆囊管残留过长及残余小胆囊 11例 ,十二指肠乳头憩室内或憩室旁开口 11例 ,胆道未见异常2 3例 ,非胆道疾病 15例。结论　PCS最为常见的病因为胆管结石和胆管狭窄 ,其他较为少见原因包括十二指肠憩室、Oddi括约肌运动功能障碍、胆囊管残留过长、残余小胆囊及非胆道疾病等。ERCP是明确PCS病因较为理想和可靠的方法 ,如结合B超、胃镜检查以及上消化道钡餐 ,可对PCS的病因作出较为全面的诊断