氯胺酮对离体大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流的影响

目的研究氯胺酮对大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响。方法酶解法分离大鼠心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录Ito,观察50μmol/L氯胺酮对Ito电流-电压曲线以及不同浓度氯胺酮对Ito的影响,并研究氯胺酮对Ito通道动力学的影响。结果钳制电压-40mV,刺激电压 70mV条件下,临床相关浓度的氯胺酮50μmol/L使Ito的电流峰值降低23·4%(P<0·01),冲洗后,Ito能够完全恢复。5、10、50、100、500、1000、5000μmol/L的氯胺酮抑制Ito呈浓度依赖性,电流抑制率分别为(13·8±9·7)%、(17·5±6·7)%、(23·4±8·8)%、(31·5±6·7)%、(63·3±5·5)%、(79·7±2·7)%、(88·9±4·4)%,其半数有效浓度(IC50)为299μmol/L。100μmol/L的氯胺酮对激活曲线没有影响;使Ito的失活曲线明显右移,半数失活电压(V1/2)在给药前后数值分别为(-28·27±0·20)mV和(-25·34±0·27)mV(P<0·01),斜率因子(k)值分别为(3·23±0·46)mV和(3·40±0·55)mV(P>0·05)。结论氯胺酮可明显阻滞大鼠心室肌的Ito,这是氯胺酮延长大鼠心室肌动作电位的机理之一,同时氯胺酮使Ito的失活曲线右移。     

大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.     

浅析中专生体育课厌学现象的原因及对策

目前，中专生体育课厌学现象十分突出，这不仅影响到体育课的教学效果，而且对学生的健康成长极为不利。现就中专生体育课厌学的主要原因进行分析，并提出相应的对策引导中专生积极、主动地进行学习，提高体育课的教学效果。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕的自我治疗

目的比较改良的Epley耳石复位法（MEP）和改良的Semont耳石复位法（MSM）用于后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（PC-BPPV）自我治疗的疗效。方法对2001年7月至2003年6月间的70例PC-BPPV患者分别使用MEP和MSM法进行自身治疗，1周后比较两组缓解率和治疗的副作用。结果MEP组中95％（n=37）患者完全缓解，而MSM组仅为58％（n=33，P〈0．001）。MSM组中，治疗的失败与动作执行的不准确密切相关。两组治疗有关的副作用差异无统计学意义。结论MEP比MSM能更有效的缓解PC-BPPV，MEP应为患者自身治疗的首选方法。     

神经肽Y与癫痫相关性的研究进展

现已公认,癫痫的发病主要是由于中枢神经系统兴奋性机制与抑制性机制失衡从而导致兴奋性异常增高所致。主要的兴奋性递质和抑制性递质分别是谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）。在大脑新皮层和海马，产生内源性GABA的是一种中间神经元。在中枢神经系统中，有相当数量的不同类型的中间神经元是以它们各自所表达的一系列神经肽的不同而被区分，而中间神经元在调节中枢神经兴奋性的过程中，神经肽起着非常关键的作用。     

双柏散熏洗与外敷治疗类风湿关节炎的临床效果比较

目的 :比较双柏散熏洗与外敷治疗类风湿关节炎局部症状的疗效。方法 :观察组用双柏散熏洗联合用药 ,对照组用双柏散外敷联合用药。结果 :观察组治疗类风湿关节炎局部症状的总有效率为 92 5 % ,对照组总有效率为77 5 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :双柏散熏洗联合用药治疗类风湿关节炎具有消肿止痛 ,活血化瘀 ,减轻局部症状等作用 ,且护理操作简便易于观察     

Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines (HMs), as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy, compared to placebo or conventional approaches in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from both conventional and alternative medicine sources. Outcome measures were overall improvement, quality of life, reduction of levodopa dose, and adverse events. Nine studies were included, each testing a different HM. Six of the trials had limited internal validity due to major flaws in design, including the lack of proper randomization; insufficient blinding; unclear inclusive criteria in terms of diagnostic criteria, baseline staging, and duration of disease; lack of proper sample size calculation; and insufficient data analysis. Imbalances in gender and ethnicity among the patients in the included trials were observed. No major adverse events emerged, and no specific pattern was detected from the trials describing such data. In addition to major methodological defects, heterogeneity in (1) HM tested, (2) control treatment, and (3) outcome measure hindered in-depth data analysis and synthesis. Current evidence is insufficient to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various HMs. Further studies with improved trial design and reporting, with assessment on cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and qualitative data are warranted.     

炎症中诱导型氧化氮合酶与环加氧酶2相互作用及胰岛素抗炎效应

应激反应、缺血缺氧、炎症感染是烧伤后全身反应的主要环节，诱导型氧化氮合酶（iNOS）及环加氧酶2（COX-2）是介导炎性反应的重要递质。氧化氮合酶（NOS）分两种类型，即组成型NOS（cNOS）和iNOS（又称NOSⅡ）。cNOS又分为神经元NOS（nNOS，NOSⅠ）及内皮NOS（eNOS，NOSⅢ），它们的生成量通常以pmol为单位，iNOS的生成量通常以nmol为单位。COX是花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素（PGs）的关键酶，也分为两型：COX-1、     

炎性肠道疾病外科诊治中的若干问题

炎性肠道疾病(inflammatorybowel disease,IBD)是一组病因不明的慢性肠道炎症性疾病,通常包括两个相对独立的疾病:溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和Crohn病(Crohn's disease,CD)。IBD在欧美国家发病率较高,我国发病率相对较低,但近年来发病率有增高趋势。IBD基本属于内科     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病及肺心病中医证型与左心功能及血气分析的关系

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)及肺心病不同中医证型左心功能指标的变化及血气分析的关系。方法研究组60例,其中COPD患者33例,合并肺心病患者27例,所有患者根据中医辨证分型分为痰热壅肺证(20例)、痰湿蕴肺证(13例)、气阴两虚证(15例)和阳虚水泛证(12例);正常组15例来自本院体检正常者。研究组于入选当时按观察表详细记录患者症状、体征及舌脉情况,研究组和正常组均于48h内完成心功能检测和血气分析。比较研究组与正常组之间、研究组各证型之间心功能指标和血气分析的变化。结果(1)与正常组比较,研究组CI、ACI明显降低,STP、SVRI及TFC明显升高。(2)研究组各证型之间比较:气阴两虚与实证比较,CI明显降低,SVRI、TFC明显升高;阳虚水泛与实证比较,CI、LCWI明显降低,STR明显升高,SVRI、TFC明显升高;阳虚水泛与气阴两虚比较,只STR有明显差异。(3)各证型之间血气分析:阳虚水泛PaO2最低,其次为气阴两虚,阳虚水泛与实证比较差异明显。结论COPD及肺心病患者存在一定程度左心功能障碍,心功能指标可以作为评定COPD病情变化及证型演变的参考指标;显著的低氧血症是阳虚水泛证患者左心功能指标改变的重要原因。