基于医院信息系统的乳腺癌临床特征及中西医用药特征分析

目的 解析真实世界中乳腺恶性肿瘤患者的人群特征、诊断特征、中西医用药特征，为乳腺癌的临床防治提供参考。方法 采集2002年2月至2015年5月全国60家三级甲等医 院信息系统（Hospital Information System，HIS）中，出院诊断为“乳腺癌”的患者用药信息，采用SAS9.3统计软件，对人口学信息、诊断信息、医嘱用药信息等进行描述性分析。结果 39798例乳腺癌患者，平均年龄（50.93者，平均年龄）岁；多以门诊入院，入院病情以“一般”为主;合并疾病主要为高血压，骨肿瘤，联用西药以抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、治疗并发症、缓解放化疗不良反应为主；中医辨证以痰瘀互结证，气阴两虚证，肝气淤滞证，脾气亏虚证型最为常见，临床清热解毒剂、益气扶正剂，活血化瘀剂应用较多。结论 乳腺癌中西医结合治疗，联用药物广泛，临床治疗基本符合临床指南。     

经典名方中木通与通草的本草考证

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书等古代资料,结合近现代文献,对经典名方中所用木通及通草药材的名称、基原、产地、品质、采收加工及炮制等不同方面进行了本草考证,厘清古今关系,为涉及该类药材的经典名方开发与利用提供参考与依据。唐代之前历代本草中仅有"通草"之名,唐代出现"木通"别名,其药材基原均为木通科木通Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne.。宋代木通、通草名实发生混淆,民间多以五加科通脱木Tetrapanax papyrifer(Hook.)K. Koch.作通草用,而将前代本草中的通草唤作"木通",来源为木通科、毛茛科等植物。元代正式将木通与通草分称。明代木通药材主流来源为木通科植物,通草来源则为五加科通脱木,陈嘉谟、李时珍等曾试图对两者名实进行纠正。清代本草中木通、通草分类逐渐清晰,木通基原多为毛茛科植物,木通科木通的使用逐渐减少。近代出现关木通、川木通、小通草等药材,而关木通自马兜铃事件后被禁用。自2005年版《中华人民共和国药典》起收载木通、川木通2类,而通草亦分成通草与小通草2类。据记载,木通药材古代以江淮为道地产区,现代以江西、湖北资丘产者为最,农历正月、二月采枝、阴干,切粗片或剉细用,品质以色黄白而细者为佳。通草产地记载多为江南地区,秋季采茎,取出髓部,切片。     

MicroRNA‐375‐3p enhances chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil by targeting thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer

Resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in drug resistance; however, the role of miRNA‐373‐3p (miR‐375‐3p) in CRC remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the potential function of miR‐375‐3p in 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistance. MicroRNA‐375‐3p was found to be widely downregulated in human CRC cell lines and tissues and to promote the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5‐FU by inducing colon cancer cell apoptosis and cycle arrest and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was found to be a direct target of miR‐375‐3p, and TYMS knockdown exerted similar effects as miR‐375‐3p overexpression on the CRC cellular response to 5‐FU. Lipid‐coated calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) were designed to cotransport 5‐FU and miR‐375‐3p into cells efficiently and rapidly and to release the drugs in a weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. The therapeutic effect of combined miR‐375 + 5‐FU/NPs was significantly higher than that of the individual treatments in mouse s.c. xenografts derived from HCT116 cells. Our results suggest that restoring miR‐375‐3p levels could be a future novel therapeutic strategy to enhance chemosensitivity to 5‐FU.     

督脉灸联合香砂养胃丸治疗脾虚泄泻的临床观察

目的观察督脉灸联合香砂养胃丸治疗脾虚泄泻的临床疗效。方法将2018年3月—2019年3月在东营市垦利县人民医院确诊为脾虚泄泻的90例患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各45例。对照组采用香砂养胃丸治疗,观察组采用香砂养胃丸联合督脉灸治疗。两组治疗1个疗程后观察并比较疗效以及治疗前后各项中医证候积分变化情况。结果治疗后观察组总有效率为88.89%,高于对照组的57.87%,观察组各项中医证候积分均降低且低于对照组,两组各项指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论督脉灸联合香砂养胃丸治疗脾虚泄泻疗效显著,能够有效改善患者临床症状。     

颈椎后路单开门微型钢板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症

目的:探讨颈椎后路单开门微型钢板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的临床疗效和安全性。方法:2017年3月至2019年3月收治25例颈椎管狭窄症患者。男15例,女10例。年龄33~68岁,中位数45岁。C3~C5狭窄16例,C3~C6狭窄9例。发育型狭窄18例,退行性狭窄7例。病程1~7年,中位数4年。均采用颈椎后路单开门微型钢板内固定术治疗。测定患者的颈椎曲度和活动度,采用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)量表评价颈肩部疼痛情况,采用日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA)脊髓型颈椎病评分量表(17分法)评价颈髓功能,采用Odom评级标准评价整体疗效,记录并发症发生情况。结果:所有患者均随访至术后12个月。与术前相比,术后3个月时患者的颈椎曲度和活动度均增大(5.25°±3.05°,8.02°±3.13°,t=3.169,P=0.003;38.48°±13.60°,56.12°±12.90°,t=4.705,P=0.000),颈肩部疼痛VAS评分和ODI均减小[(7.69±0.53)分,(3.14±0.21)分,t=39.906,P=0.000;(21.75±5.48)分,(10.13±2.12)分,t=9.888,P=0.000]。患者术前及术后3个月、6个月、12个月的JOA评分比较,总体差异有统计学意义[(8.22±1.51)分,(14.75±3.32)分,(16.53±3.52)分,(16.78±3.66)分,F=41.001,P=0.000];术后3个月、6个月、12个月的JOA评分均高于术前(P=0.000;P=0.000;P=0.000)。术后12个月时,按照Odom评级标准评定,优12例、良10例、一般2例、差1例;疗效评定为差的1例患者,经非手术治疗后病情控制。1例患者术后出现背部疼痛,服用非甾体抗炎止痛药后疼痛缓解;均未出现吞咽困难、脊髓损伤、内固定松动等并发症。结论:采用颈椎后路单开门微型钢板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症,能有效改善患者的颈椎曲度和活动度、减轻颈肩部疼痛症状、改善颈髓功能,总体疗效较好,而且具有较高的安全性。     

Deferoxamine promotes recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel cell death pathway. Deferoxamine, a ferroptosis inhibitor, has been reported to promote spinal cord injury repair. It has yet to be clarified whether ferroptosis inhibition represents the mechanism of action of Deferoxamine on spinal cord injury recovery. A rat model of Deferoxamine at thoracic 10 segment was established using a modified Allen's method. Ninety 8-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Rats in the Deferoxamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Deferoxamine 30 minutes before injury. Simultaneously, the Sham and Deferoxamine groups served as controls. Drug administration was conducted for 7 consecutive days. The results were as follows:(1) Electron microscopy revealed shrunken mitochondria in the spinal cord injury group.(2) The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score showed that recovery of the hindlimb was remarkably better in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group.(3) The iron concentration was lower in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group after injury.(4) Western blot assay revealed that, compared with the spinal cord injury group, GPX4, xCT, and glutathione expression was markedly increased in the Deferoxamine group.(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with the Deferoxamine group, mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2(ACSF2) and iron-responsive element-binding protein 2(IREB2) were up-regulated in the Deferoxamine group.(6) Deferoxamine increased survival of neurons and inhibited gliosis. These findings confirm that Deferoxamine can repair spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Targeting ferroptosis is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury.     

自发性高血压大鼠永久性脑缺血模型建立的研究

目的在比较自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)与同龄无高血压Wistar大鼠永久性大脑中动脉阻塞(pMCAO)后脑缺血损伤情况并初步分析其可能机制。方法雄性SHR和Wistar大鼠各30只分别随机分为:pMCAO模型6 h组、假手术6 h组、pMCAO模型24 h组、假手术24 h组和正常组(均n=6)。采用线栓法制作pMCAO模型,术后6、24 h对大鼠进行神经功能学评分后处死,制作脑冠状切片。术后6 h处死大鼠脑部切片行尼氏染色后在组织学层面上观察神经元损伤情况;术后24 h处死大鼠脑部切片行尼氏染色后计算脑梗死体积和水肿程度百分比。正常组脑部切片经苏木精-伊红染色后计算脑部小血管壁/腔比。结果术后6和24 h,不同品系大鼠神经功能学评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6 h尼氏染色示SHR神经元损伤重于Wistar大鼠。术后24 h SHR脑梗死体积百分比[(28.05±2.38)%]大于Wistar大鼠[(25.23±1.33)%],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两品系大鼠之间脑水肿程度差异无显著性。脑部小血管壁/腔比SHR[(11.46±3.74)%]较Wistar大鼠[(8.73±1.73)%]增大(P0.05)。结论 pMCAO术后SHR的脑缺血损伤程度重于Wistar大鼠,可能与高血压引起的脑侧支循环血管壁增厚、僵硬,自我调节能力降低有关。