经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在小儿先心病术后的疗效观察

目的探析经鼻高流量湿化氧疗用于小儿先心病术后治疗中的效果以及护理措施。方法2014年9月—2017年10月在郑州儿童医院外科监护室接受手术治疗的先心病患儿中随机抽取130例,根据术后氧疗方法不同分组:对照组患儿术后给予常规面罩吸氧,观察组患儿术后给予经鼻高流量湿化氧疗,2组患儿均给予优质术后护理,对比2组的血气指标、住院时间等。结果2组患者氧疗后24h、48h的血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义,在氧疗后24h的PaCO2水平差异无统计学意义,而在氧疗后24h和48h的氧合指数,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组ICU入住时间和总住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经鼻高流量湿化氧疗的应用提高先心病患儿术后的舒适度,改善呼吸状况,值得推广。     

幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白A在脑梗死中的作用

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白A(Cag-A)与脑梗死发生的关系。方法使用酶联免疫法测定100名患者和50名健康对照者Cag-A抗体,并对脑梗死患者检测CagA-HP-IgG阳性及阴性情况下颈动脉斑块和脑梗死相关因素水平。结果脑梗死组血清CagA-HP-IgG阳性率为62%,而对照组为38%,两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。脑梗死组CagA-HP-IgG阳性100%存在颈动脉斑块;而CagA-HP-IgG阴性者仅55%存在颈动脉斑块,两者之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。CagA-HP-IgG阳性的脑梗死患者CRP水平及血纤维蛋白原水平均显著高于CagA-HP-IgG阴性者(P<0.05)。结论Cag-A阳性菌株感染与脑梗死的发生有关,是其发病的危险因素。     

补充维生素D预防骨折——随机对照试验汇总分析

背景：对于脊椎以外的骨折而言，补充口服维生素D的预防作用和用量仍无定论。 目的：评估补充维生素D在预防老年髋骨骨折和非脊椎骨折方面的效果。 数据来源：使用MEDLINE、Cochrance对照试验记录（1960～2005年）以及EMBASE（1991-2005年），对英文和非英文文章进行系统回顾。通过与临床专家接触，通过检索美国社会骨和骨矿研究协会提供的参考文献和摘要（1995～2004年）．进一步寻找更多的研究。检索词包括随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial，RCT）、临床对照试验、随机分配、双盲法、维生素D3、维生素D2；25-羟基维生素D、骨折、人类、老年、摔倒和骨密度。 研究选取：纳入的研究仅限于口服补充维生素D（维生素D3、维生素D2、补钙或不补钙）与补钙或安慰剂比较的双盲RCTs。试验于检查髋部骨折或非脊椎骨折的老年人（年龄≥60岁）中进行。数据提取：两位作者根据预先规定独立提取相关数据，其中包括研究质量指标。 数据综合：所有的汇总分析均以随机效应模型为基础。5项有关髋部骨折的RCTs（n=9294）和7项有关非脊椎骨折危险的RCTs（n=9820）符合我们的纳入标准。所有试验均使用了维生素D3。对髋部和非脊椎骨折预防研究的异质性亦进行观察，用低剂量（400IU／d）和高剂量（700～800IU／d）分别合并RCTs后异质性消失。与补钙或安慰剂相比，每天服700～800IU的维生素D可使髋部骨折的相对危险（relative risk，aa）下降26％（3项RCTs共计5572人；RR，0．74；95％可信区间[confidence interval，CI]，0．61～0．88），使非脊椎骨折的相对危险下降23％（5项RCTs共计6098人；RR，0．77；95％CI，0．68～0．87）。每天服400IU的维生素D（2项RCTs共计3722人；髋部骨折RR，1．15；95％CI，0．88～1．50；非脊椎骨折RR，1．03；95％CI，0．86—1．24）未见明显获益。 结论：口服补充维生素D（700～800IU／d）可以降低尚能活动的老人或慈善机构收容的老年人发生髋部骨折和脊椎以外骨折的危险，每天口服400IU维生素D并不足以预防骨折。     

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in acute respiratory infections.

Levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 are elevated in severe sepsis. However, it is not known whether sTREM-1 measurements can distinguish milder bacterial infections from noninfectious inflammation. The present authors studied whether serum sTREM-1 levels differ in community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and controls, and whether sTREM-1 may be used as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics. Serum sTREM-1 levels in 150 patients with pneumonia, COPD and asthma exacerbations and 62 healthy controls were measured. Serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in pneumonia (median 295.2 ng x mL(-1)), COPD (280.3 ng x mL(-1)) and asthma exacerbations (184.0 ng x mL(-1)) compared with controls (83.1 ng x mL(-1)). Levels were higher in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations than in type 2 and 3 COPD and asthma exacerbations. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for sTREM-1 as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics was 0.77. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 were elevated predominantly in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations versus type 2 and 3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, asthma and controls. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 has moderate but insufficient accuracy as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections.     

美洲大蠊变应原Cr-PⅡ基因的克隆、表达及结构预测

采用RT-PCR技术从美洲大蠊中扩增出变应原Cr-pⅡ基因,并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体中.经序列测定和分析证实,所克隆的片段含有长度为1 185 bp的完整开放阅读框(ORF),与台湾株来源的Cr-pⅡ(Per a1.0103)有95.9%的同源性.用Nde Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ将目的片段从T载体中切下,定向亚克隆入表达载体pET24a(+),然后成功转化大肠杆菌菌株BL21 Star.经IPTG诱导得到45kDa的重组蛋白,Western-blot分析表明其具有良好的IgE结合活性.并通过生物信息学方法获得了目的蛋白的抗原表位和3D结构模型.     

Body weight and comorbidity predict mortality in COPD patients treated with oxygen therapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical variables and all-cause and respiratory mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The authors retrospectively studied a historic cohort of 128 patients with COPD (126 males, mean age+/-SD 68.9+/-9.7 yrs, body mass index (BMI) 25.1+/-4.5 kg.m-2, and forced expiratory volume in one second 25.4+/-8.8% predicted), who were being treated with long-term oxygen therapy in a tertiary teaching hospital between 1992 and 1999. Comorbidity, assessed with the Charlson Index, was present in 38% of the patients. Vital status and cause of death were assessed through the population death registry. A total of 78 patients (61%) had died by the end of follow-up. Three-year survival was 55%. Death was due to respiratory causes in 77% of cases. On Cox analysis, BMI<25 kg.m-2, comorbid conditions, age>or=70 yrs and cor pulmonale were associated with all-cause mortality. The BMI and comorbidity were the only significant predictive factors when the analysis was restricted to respiratory mortality. In conclusion, body mass index<25 kg.m-2 and comorbidity were predictors of all-cause and respiratory mortality in a cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients treated with long-term oxygen therapy. These factors should be taken into account when considering the management and prognosis of these patients.     

项韧带骨化相关因素及其组织学变化

目的：探讨脊髓型颈椎病患者项韧带骨化的相关因素及其组织学改变特点.方法：将45例脊髓型颈椎病患者根据项韧带有无骨化分为两组,观察并统计两组患者的年龄、性别组成、颈椎椎间退变和颈椎稳定性情况,对各指标与项韧带骨化的关系进行相关性分析,同时观察项韧带骨化的组织学改变.结果：统计分析表明,项韧带骨化和颈椎椎间退行性改变及颈椎不稳定之间具有相关性（P＜0.05）;同时还与患者年龄、性别组成有相关性（P＜0.05）.项韧带骨化的组织学改变以软骨内化骨为主.结论：项韧带骨化与颈椎退行性改变及颈椎椎间关节不稳定具有相关性,组织学改变以软骨内化骨为主.     

Evidence that the Receptor for Soluble CD14:LPS Complexes may not be the Putative Signal-Transducing Molecule Associated with Membrane-Bound CD14

Membrane-bound CD14 acts as a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Studies have suggested that the activation of monocytes/macrophages by the binding of LPS to membrane-bound CD14 may require the association of a signal-transducing molecule with membrane-bound CD14. The observation that non-CD14 expressing cells, such as endothelial cells, can nevertheless be activated by a complex of LPS and a soluble form of CD14 (sCD14) suggests that the receptor for this complex may be identical to the signal transducing molecule associated with membrane-bound CD14. The studies described show that two CD14-specific MoAb are able to block the LPS-induced activation of endothelial cells but do not affect the response of monocytes to LPS. This suggests that the interaction of the sCD14:LPS complex with endothelial cells is distinct from the interaction of membrane-bound CD14 with its putative signal-transducing molecule.