Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells drive transitions to mesenchymal-like states in glioblastoma

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Relationship between plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and prognosis of TACE for primary hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundOur study aims to investigate changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration and integrity in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) patients before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment and their influence on the evaluation of prognosis of the disease.MethodsA total of 84 PHC patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2016 to December 2017 were included as the study group, while 55 healthy people served as the control group. Plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were determined using qRT-PCR. The correlation between cfDNA concentration/integrity and clinical characteristics of PHC patients were analyzed. A ROC curve was used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA as detection indices. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze factors affecting recurrence in PHC patients and compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) of PHC patients with high cfDNA expression and low cfDNA expression.ResultsPlasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were significantly higher in PHC patients before TACE treatment than in healthy people and significantly lower after treatment than before (P<0.05). The cfDNA concentration was significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and BCLC stage, while cfDNA integrity was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and BCLC stage (P<0.05). ROC results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value of cfDNA concentration was the largest, with an optimal cut-off of 10.51 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analysis for COX showed that the TNM stage, cfDNA concentration, and AFP were independent risk factors that affected PHC patients’ survival.ConclusionsPlasma cfDNA concentration in PHC patients is more sensitive and specific than any other tumor marker. It is an independent risk factor for PHC patients treated with TACE. Therefore, it is hypothesized cfDNA is a potential biomarker for prognostic evaluation of PHC patients treated with TACE.     

“调任通督”法针刺治疗围绝经期潮热的随机对照研究＊

目的 观察“调任通督法”针刺治疗围绝经期潮热的临床疗效和安全性。方法 将符合纳入标准的72例围绝经期潮热患者，按照1∶1的比例随机分为治疗组（针刺组）和对照组（等待组）。治疗组取穴百会、印堂、神庭、关元、气海、中脘、阴郄、太溪、复溜、三阴交。针刺治疗每次持续30 min，每周2次，连续治疗6周。对照组为等待组，试验期间仅给予同针刺组相同的健康宣教，两组分别于治疗前、治疗第3周、治疗第6周以及第10周随访评估其潮热频率和程度，以及更年期生活质量量表（Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire，Men-QoL）的变化情况，同时记录针刺不良事件的发生。结果 ①潮热频率及潮热程度：在治疗后及随访时，针刺组较等待组有明显改善，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。与治疗前相比，针刺组第3周即出现了潮热频率明显下降的趋势（P < 0.01），治疗后以及随访期针刺组潮热频率及潮热程度均较治疗前有明显统计学差异（P < 0.01）。而等待组在各时间点潮热频率及潮热程度均无统计学差异（均P > 0.05）。②围绝经期生活质量量表：治疗后针刺组在Men-QoL总分、血管舒缩功能评分、社会心理、体能状况较等待组比较均有统计学差异（均P < 0.01）。在随访期，针刺组在Men-QoL社会心理以及体能方面明显改善，差异均具有统计学意义（P < 0.01，P < 0.05）。两组Men-QoL性功能在治疗后及随访期均无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。与治疗前相比，在治疗后及随访期，针刺组Men-QoL总分、血管舒缩功能、社会心理、体能状况均有统计学差异（均P < 0.05），在Men-QoL性功能方面无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。等待组在Men-QoL总分及四个域方面均无明显改善，无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论 调任通督法针刺治疗围绝经期潮热安全有效，且对围绝经期生活质量有所改善。     

Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

血清谷丙转氨酶水平与不同性别2型糖尿病患病的关系

目的 探讨血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）与新诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）患病风险之间的关联，为T2DM的防治提供科学依据。方法 采用4阶段分层随机抽样的方法选取2006年和2009年参与青岛糖尿病预防项目的研究对象男性3 012例、女性4 422例，采用Pearson相关检验分析不同性别ALT与FPG、2 h PG的相关性，并利用多因素logistic回归分析ALT与新诊T2DM患病的关系。结果 男性中，ALT与空腹血浆血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血浆血糖（2 h PG）的Pearson相关系数分别为0.088、0.080（均P＜0.01）；多因素logistic回归显示，在调整了年龄、BMI、糖尿病家族史、城乡、教育、婚姻、收入、吸烟及饮酒状况等混杂因素后，ALT的第4分位（Q4）组新诊T2DM患病风险是第1分位（Q1）组的1.832倍（OR = 1.832，95% CI:1.324～2.534，P＜0.01）。女性中，ALT与FPG、2h PG的Pearson相关系数分别为0.065、0.108（均P＜0.01）；多因素logistic回归显示，在调整了年龄、BMI、糖尿病家族史、城乡、教育、婚姻、收入、吸烟及饮酒状况等混杂因素后，ALT的第4分位（Q4）组新诊T2DM患病风险是第1分位（Q1）组的1.445倍（OR = 1.445，95% CI:1.087～1.919，P＜0.05）。结论 在男、女性人群中，ALT水平升高与T2DM患病相关，且这种相关性不受年龄、BMI、糖尿病家族史等的影响。     

69份苦玄参种质SSR遗传多样性及品质性状相关标记分析

目的:采用简单重复序列(SSR)分子标记技术对广西苦玄参主产区69份苦玄参种质样本进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析,并筛选与苦玄参苷含量相关联的优良种质基因。为苦玄参种质资源评价、遗传进化分析及分子标记辅助育种等提供依据。方法:基于转录组测序技术,开发20对引物进行批量扩增。利用各标记位点的遗传多态信息,分析69份苦玄参种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,并通过一元线性和多元逐步回归分析,筛选与苦玄参苷含量相关联的分子标记。结果:20对SSR引物共扩增出76个等位基因,平均每个位点观测等位基因3.8个,高于有效等位基因数(1.9692个),稀有等位基因率为38.2%,等位基因分布不均匀。等位基因多态率范围为0~59%,平均38.24%,各位点多态率差异较大。各位点多态信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0~0.6211,平均0.3780;Shannon多态性信息指数变化范围为0~1.2401,平均0.7590;Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei)变化范围为0~0.6823,平均0.4409;以上3个指标最高的为P21,最低为P7,各位点遗传多样性存在较大差异。各位点平均观测杂合度为0.3824,低于平均期望杂合度(0.4425),表现为杂合子缺失;平均遗传分化系数Fst为0.3659;基因流Nm平均值为0.4332,种质遗传分化较大,基因流较小。一元线性回归分析和多元逐步回归分析结果表明,与苦玄参苷IA和IB相关的位点各有5个,其中仅有1个位点与2个成分的含量均相关。结论:20个SSR标记位点遗传多样性存在较大的差异,供试69份种质遗传分化大,基因流较小;从供试20个SSR标记中筛选出9个与苦玄参苷含量相关联的标记位点,试验结果可为苦玄参遗传进化分析及良种选育和繁育等提供依据。     

脑血管疾病后Holmes震颤的临床、影像和电生理特点

目的 总结脑血管疾病后Holmes震颤的临床、影像和电生理特点。 方法 回顾性分析2015年8月-2019年8月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院的4例脑血管疾病 所致Holmes震颤患者，对其临床、影像及电生理资料进行分析总结。 结果 4例患者中2例由高血压性脑出血引起，另外2例分别由脑动静脉畸形和脑海绵状血管瘤破裂 出血引起。Holmes震颤出现于原发病后1～24个月，表现为病灶对侧肢体震颤，以上肢多见。头颅MRI 检查显示2例患者病灶仅累及丘脑，2例同时累及丘脑和中脑。震颤分析显示静止、姿势、意向及持物 1000 g几种状态下震颤的峰频率均在2.6～3.8 Hz，意向状态震颤半宽功率高于静止状态。主动肌与 拮抗肌在静息时以同步收缩为主，姿势、意向和持物时以交替收缩为主。3例接受普拉克索治疗均有 不同程度缓解。 结论 Holmes震颤多由累及中脑、丘脑部位脑血管疾病引起，表现为2～4 Hz低频震颤，意向状态震 颤明显，部分患者多巴胺受体激动剂治疗有效。