猪原位肝移植模型改进的研究

目的　探讨猪同种异体原位肝移植模型的改进方法。方法　选封闭群小型猪为实验动物 ,对既往猪原位肝移植模型进行系列改进 ,观察新建动物植模型的成功率、重复性和稳定性。结果在实验动物选择、手术方式及术中监护管理等方面进行改进的基础上行同种异体原位肝移植 2 0次 ,手术时间 (181.0± 2 5 .8)min及无肝期 (2 8.4± 3.2 )min较传统猪原位肝移植术明显缩短。动物术后肝功能恢复顺利 ,1周存活率 90 % ,15例动物长期存活。长期存活动物的血管和胆管并发症发生率低。结论　改进后的猪同种异体原位肝移植模型具有操作简便 ,标准化程度及手术成功率高 ,重复性和稳定性好的优点 ,是大动物肝移植系列研究的较理想动物模型     

Autonomy and modernisation: the management of change in an English primary care trust

Recent New Labour policy for the ‘modernisation’ of Government places a good deal of emphasis on decentralisation. This emphasis is particularly marked in relation to the organisation of primary care. However, like hospitals and other National Health Service institutions, primary care trusts (PCTs) are subject to a substantial raft of centrally established performance targets and indicators, including those which contribute to the public award of between zero and three performance ‘stars’. This raises questions about the extent to which employees can exercise autonomy in the context of rigid top‐down directives. This paper presents findings from a study using participant observation and interviews to examine the impact of a training course aimed ostensibly at increasing employee autonomy in an English PCT. The suggestion is that attempts to make employees more autonomous can be seen as a strategy for increasing central control based upon the internalisation by the employees of centrally promulgated values. The attraction of such strategies is that they may be potentially more effective and less costly than alternative strategies of direct control. However, the study suggests that the outcome of attempts by such methods as programmes to increase employee autonomy may be very different from those intended.     

市场机制下政府调节与医疗管制制度框架的构建

医疗机构分类管理的政策确定了我国医疗服务的市场取向.我国医疗市场服务因其特殊的技术经济特点也存在一般意义上的市场失灵,使政府管制这一非市场治理机制的产生与存在成为必要,以弥补与矫正市场缺陷,保证医疗服务市场的规范运行和卫生改革的顺利推进.     

传统中药蝉花的活体家蚕人工培养

目的:为实现蝉花的家蚕活体人工培养,为蝉花的培养开辟一条新的思路.方法:采集分离自我国8个自然保护区及韩国济洲岛的共20株蝉拟青霉菌株,采用浸渍法感染家蚕五龄期幼虫及蚕蛹,观察它们对家蚕的感染及产生孢梗束的情况.结果与结论:20株蝉拟青霉对家蚕幼虫和蚕蛹都有不同程度的感染,感染后期部分菌株能产生孢梗束.从感染率和产生孢梗束情况来看,蚕蛹效果比幼虫更好.     

酸碱对药麻黄与甘草在麻杏甘石汤中的配伍化学研究

目的：考察麻黄与甘草酸碱对药在麻杏甘石汤中配伍前后麻黄碱与甘草酸提取量的变化规律。方法：采用高效液相色谱法对麻黄、甘草单味药提取液、麻黄甘草对药提取液及全方提取液中麻黄碱和甘草酸提取量进行测定。结果：各样品液中麻黄碱变化不明显，全方中甘草酸含量较单味药降低。结论：酸碱对药麻黄、甘草在配伍后麻黄碱与甘草酸基本不形成大分子复合物。