The prognostic role of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis

It has been suggested that tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of TILs is inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of TILs in OSCC. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2019, and 33 studies were ultimately included in this meta‐analysis. Our pooled meta‐analysis showed that high infiltration of CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs and CD57⁺ TILs favoured better overall survival (OS). However, high infiltration of CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. These findings suggest that CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs, CD57⁺ TILs, CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages might serve as novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in OSCC.     

股骨头坏死误诊原因分析

目的:分析股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)的误诊原因。方法:从中国股骨头坏死数据库(China osteonecrosis of the femoral head database,CONFHD)中选择2016年7月至2018年12月就诊,且一般情况、病史、诊疗记录完整的ONFH患者,提取相关信息,统计分析ONFH患者首诊误诊情况及误诊原因。结果:1471例ONFH患者录入的病例资料中一般情况、病史及诊疗记录完整。303例(21%)患者既往误诊,其中被误诊为腰椎间盘突出症118例、髋关节滑膜炎86例、髋关节骨关节炎48例、类风湿关节炎32例、梨状肌综合征11例、坐骨神经痛5例、其他疾病3例。Logistic回归分析结果显示,激素使用史、症状隐匿、首诊医生职称为ONFH误诊的影响因素(OR=1.540,P=0.009;OR=2.195,P=0.000;OR=2.877,P=0.000)。结论:ONFH易被误诊为腰椎间盘突出症、髋关节滑膜炎、髋关节骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎等疾病;患者有激素使用史、症状隐匿、首诊医生为主治医师及以下职称时容易误诊。     

腔隙性脑梗死患者血清Chemerin Vaspin和Apelin水平的变化及意义

目的探讨腔隙性脑梗死患者血清趋化素(Chemerin)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Vaspin)及脂肪素(Apelin)水平及意义。方法选取2018-01—2019-03在河南科技大学第一附属医院治疗的腔隙性脑梗死患者120例(观察组),其中轻度32例,中度61例,重度27例,同时选取健康志愿者100例为对照组,检测2组血清Chemerin、Vaspin和Apelin,观察组给予常规治疗。结果观察组血清Chemerin和Apelin分别为(60.03±10.02)mg/L和(180.02±41.12)μg/L,明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而Vaspin为(6.72±1.01)μg/L,明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组重度患者血清Chemerin和Apelin分别为(72.44±13.30)mg/L和(209.34±50.28)μg/L,明显高于轻度和中度患者(P<0.05),而Vaspin为(4.23±0.92)μg/L,明显低于轻度和中度患者(P<0.05);中度患者血清Chemerin和Apelin分别为(62.22±12.28)mg/L和(180.02±41.18)μg/L,明显高于轻度患者(P<0.05),而Vaspin为(6.72±1.09)μg/L,明显低于轻度患者(P<0.05);Chemerin和Apelin与DNS评分呈正相关(r=0.332、0.319,P<0.05),而Vaspin与DNS评分呈负相关(r=-0.422,P<0.05);观察组治疗后血清Chemerin和Apelin较治疗前降低(P<0.05),而Vaspin较治疗前升高(P<0.05)。结论腔隙性脑梗死患者血清Chemerin和Apelin明显升高,而Vaspin明显降低,与神经功能缺损程度有一定关系。     

基于TCGA数据初步探查肝内胆管癌预后相关基因

目的 分析tCGA数据库中肝内胆管癌（ICC）高通量测序数据，寻找其预后相关基因，构建风险模型，并研究其在ICC组织中表达及作用通路。方法 下载tCGA数据库中33例ICC组织和8例癌旁组织中的RNA-seq表达矩阵数据和患者临床资料信息，利用edgeR软件包进行基因差异表达分析，通过单因素Cox回归分析筛选出预后相关差异基因，对差异基因绘制生存曲线，筛选出具有临床意义的基因，经多因素Cox回归分析并构建风险模型，通过京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析了解预后相关基因的作用通路。结果 通过edgeR分析后得到6 617个差异基因（筛选标准为|log2 Fold Change|＞1，P＜0.05），其中高表达组4 094个，低表达组2 523个。通过功能富集发现，这些基因主要集中在化学物致癌作用、药物代谢-细胞色素P450系统、细胞色素P450对异生物质的代谢影响以及视黄醇代谢通路。经单因素Cox回归、R软件“survival”包生存曲线分析显示，UCN2、CST1、PROS1、SLC35E4、PEMT五个基因对ICC患者预后存在显著性影响。通过多因素Cox回归分析，CST1、PEMT、PROS1构建的风险模型对ICC患者预后具有判断作用。结论 UCN2、CST1、PROS1、SLC35E4、PEMT基因可能成为ICC预后判断指标，为后续临床试验提供数据支持。     

Developing a Brief Neuropsychological Battery for Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment

ObjectivesEarly diagnosis of cognitive impairment is increasingly emphasized in the literature to facilitate timely preventive interventions. Although bedside cognitive tests such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are widely used for such early diagnostic purposes, they may not have comparable performance to a full neuropsychological battery (FNB) in diagnosing early cognitive impairment. This study investigated whether a small subset of neuropsychological tests can be added on to MoCA to match its performance to that of the FNB in discriminating mild cognitive impairment and dementia (MCI/dementia) from normal cognition.DesignCross-sectional diagnostic study.SettingAlzheimer's Disease Centers across the United States.ParticipantsOlder participants (≥50 years) who completed MoCA and the FNB (N = 9187).MeasuresThe study sample was split into two: the derivation sample (n = 1837) was used to develop a brief neuropsychological battery that best discriminated MCI/dementia (using the best-subset approach with 10-fold cross-validation); while the validation sample (n = 7350) verified its actual performance in discriminating MCI/dementia.ResultsA 3-item neuropsychological battery was identified, comprising MoCA, Benson Complex Figure Recall, and Craft Story 21 Delayed Recall. It had excellent performance in discriminating MCI/dementia from normal cognition (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 90.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 89.2%-90.7%), which was comparable to that of the FNB (AUROC 88.4%, 95% CI 87.6%-89.2%). By contrast, MoCA alone had significantly worse AUROC (86.9%, 95% CI 86.0%-87.7%) than that of the FNB.Conclusions/ImplicationsUsing rigorous methods, this study developed a brief neuropsychological battery that maintained the brevity of a bedside cognitive test, while rivaling the diagnostic performance of an FNB in early cognitive impairment. This brief battery offers a viable alternative when the FNB is needed but cannot be feasibly administered in nonspecialty clinics. It can have a wider health systems effect of improving patients’ access to accurate diagnosis in early cognitive impairment and facilitating timely interventions to delay the progression of cognitive impairment.     

156例晚期血吸虫病腹水常规与细胞学检查分析

晚期血吸虫病患者腹水多为漏出液，但由于各种细菌、病毒的感染与恶变，腹水的性质也随之发生变化，腹水性质的鉴定与细胞学检查十分重要。作者就荆州市血防所1996～2005年收治的晚期血吸虫病患者的腹水检查资料，进行回顾性分析。结果报告如下。     

不同危险度的高血压病人血管内皮功能

目的根据"内皮-高血压-心血管事件"链的病理发展进程,进一步了解高血压病与血管内皮功能的相互关系,以及降压药物对高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响.方法 54例高血压患者按危险性分组,其中低中危组32例,高极高危组22例,对照组30例.采用超声测量3组肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能,并测定血浆内皮素、血管性血友病因子.然后采用氨氯地平或氨氯地平 卡维地洛治疗,12周以后复查上述指标.结果静息状态下,3组间肱动脉内径、流量无明显差异;压迫后高极高危组内径扩张程度低于对照组(6.6%vs 12.1%;P＜0.01),低中危组与对照组无显著性差异(10.2%vs 12.1%;P＞0.05);血浆内皮素、血管性血友病因子在高极高危组较对照组有显著升高(P＜0.05),低中危组与对照组相似(P＞0.05);经氨氯地平和卡维地洛治疗12周,血压下降,肱动脉超声内皮功能和血液内皮标志物均有改善.结论高血压患者内皮功能受损与血压增高和伴随的靶器官损伤有关.降压治疗可改善高血压患者血管内皮功能.     

多层螺旋CT对胰源性区域性门静脉高压的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及图像后处理技术对胰源性区域性门静脉高压的诊断及临床指导价值。方法:对胰源性区域性门静脉高压患者18例,使用16排多层螺旋CT机行上腹部CT平扫及增强扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)等图像后处理技术,显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压侧支循环血管。结果:显示胃网膜静脉曲张(84%)、胃短静脉曲张(90%)、胃冠状静脉曲张(78%)、胃结肠干曲张(50%)和食管静脉曲张(17%)。MPR、MIP、VR可以直观地显示各曲张血管的走行及曲张程度。结论:MSCT及图像后处理技术能很好地从不同方位显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压侧支循环血管,具有重要的临床指导价值。     

铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体PaP3生物学特性的研究

目的测定铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体PaP3的最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线和吸附K值及交叉吸附K值等基本生物学特性。方法按照感染复数（MOI）分别为0．0001、0．001、0．01、0．1、1和10加入噬菌体纯培养液和宿主菌，充分裂解细菌后，测定噬菌体滴度；以MOI=10的比例加入噬菌体及宿主菌，进行一步生长实验；纯化PaP3颗粒，免疫家兔，获得抗血清，通过中和反应实验测定PaP3和其抗血清之间的吸附反应常数K值。同时，利用抗血清交叉中和试验确定本室分离的三株噬菌体之间的血清学关系。结果当MOI=0．001时PaP3感染其宿主菌产生的子代噬菌体滴度最高；根据一步生长实验结果绘制一步生长曲线；通过血清交叉中和反应得出不同的吸附常数。结论PaP3最佳感染复数为0．001，感染宿主菌的潜伏期是20min，爆发期是60min，平均爆发量约为31，其抗血清反应的吸附常数K值为262。