大鼠脑血肿周围组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达变化与尼莫地平的影响

目的：观察脑出血后血肿周围半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3的表达。及尼莫地平对其的影响。方法：实验于2004—07在大连医科大学中心实验室进行。取120只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组：①尼莫地平组（n=50）：尾壳核注射自体股动脉血50μL复制脑出血模型，造模即刻腹腔注射尼莫地平1．6mg／kg（即8μL／g），以后每天1次。②模型组（n=50）：同前造模，术后腹腔注射等量生理盐水。③假手术组（n=20）：手术，但进针人尾壳核后不注血。各组分为术后6，24，48，72h、5d 5个时间点。造模动物醒后进行Bederson评分，评估其行为和神经功能缺陷（0—3分。评分越高，神经功能缺陷越重，评分≥2分为造模成功）。人组动物在以上5个时间点进行Bederson评分后，麻醉状态下处死取脑，经尾壳核行冠状切片，行免疫组化测定半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达。结果：80只大鼠进入结果分析。①Bederson评分：模型组、尼莫地平组大鼠醒后迅速出现偏瘫，24h后评分趋于稳定，至72h之间评分最高，然后逐渐下降，5d时仍有体征。模型组、尼莫地平组各时间点评分均高于对照组（P〈0．01），尼莫地平组术后48，72h评分低于模型组（P〈0.05）。②血肿周围组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达：假手术组进针侧脑组织表达很少，模型组6h后即有表达，24h达高峰，持续72h后逐渐下降，5d后仅有少量表达；尼莫地平组动态变化趋势与模型组相同，但各时间点的数值均较低，尤其是术后24～72h（P〈0．01）。结论：①脑出血后血肿周围组织中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达升高，提示其与脑出血血肿周围组织损伤有一定关系。②尼莫地平降低脑出血后血肿周围组织中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达，从而减轻细胞凋亡程度，对神经细胞起到保护作用，降低神经功能缺陷。     

Interdisciplinary approach to abdominal Burkitt’s lymphoma

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a high-grade, rapidly growing B-cell neoplasm. It is recognized by its aggressive course, brief median survival, and low rates of long-term survival. The authors discuss the case of a patient who acutely presented with intraabdominal complications from a new onset of Burkitt’s lymphoma. The clinical and pathological features, staging, treatment options, and survival data are reviewed. In addition, the role of surgical intervention is carefully analyzed.     

雷米芬太尼对无抽搐电休克治疗心血管反应的影响

目的研究雷米芬太尼对无抽搐电休克(MECT)治疗心血管反应的影响。方法32例抑郁症患者随机分成对照组与雷米芬太尼组,每组16例。对照组采用丙泊酚1.5mg/kg静脉麻醉;雷米芬太尼组给予等量丙泊酚加1μg/kg雷米芬太尼静脉麻醉。全麻诱导后皆静注琥珀酰胆碱,待肌肉松驰后行MECT治疗。全程监测患者ECG、HR、MAP、SpO2,并观察记录患者癫痫发作时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间。结果MECT治疗后即刻、1、3min两组HR、MAP较麻醉前明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),但雷米芬太尼组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);自主呼吸恢复时间雷米芬太尼组略长于对照组(P<0.05),但均在10min以内;癫痫发作时间、苏醒时间、SpO2两组差异无显著意义。结论雷米芬太尼适合应用于MECT治疗麻醉并可明显抑制MECT引起心血管反应。     

病原菌结构及耐药性的变化趋势

目的分析解放军总医院304临床部10年来临床感染的病原菌结构及耐药趋势变迁，为临床抗感染治疗提供科学依据。方法统计分析1995-2004年住院患者各类标本分离细菌的鉴定及药敏试验结果。结果革兰阴性菌株占历年收集菌株总数的51．0％～70．2％，以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属为主，但构成比有下降的趋势；革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）的分离率最高，其构成比逐年升高，1999年以后成为构成比最高的病原菌，其中耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）占42．9％～74．5％。此外，不动杆菌属的构成比在1998年明显升高，并在其后维持在较高水平。药物敏感性检测显示MRsA对多种药物呈高度耐药，铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属对各类抗生素的耐药率呈上升趋势。结论金葡菌构成比的增高和大肠杆菌等革兰阴性菌构成比的降低，导致了我院病原菌结构发生明显变化，同时主要病原菌的耐药水平普遍增强，临床医生应根据这一变化相应调整抗感染治疗策略，以取得最佳疗效。     

Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断价值。方法 对45例食管黏膜可疑病变经内镜以2％Lugol液喷洒染色，观察黏膜染色情况，并取活检送病理组织学检查。结果 45例食管病变染色后，39例呈浅染色或不染色，其中食管癌8例（食管早期癌5例，进展期癌3例），Barrett食管5例，轻至中度不典型增生1l例。本组Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的检出率达46．7％。结论 内镜下应用Lugol液染色结合活检有助于食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断，且操作简便，具有重要的临床价值。     

Evaluation of mandibular block using a standardized method.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the manifestations and efficiency of mandibular block (MB) using a standardized method. In this study, 123 patients requiring MB were randomly assigned to receive MB using a repeated measures design. Mandibular block was administered in each patient by using 2.1 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, and/or buccal nerve. Clinical parameters including the electric pulp test and test for soft tissue sensation using a sharp dental explorer were assessed on both the operated side and contralateral side before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after injection, and at the end of surgical procedure. Results of the test of the contralateral tooth served as the control group. No response to the electric pulp test at a maximum output (80 readings) was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Results obtained with electric pulp test and sharp explorer test were not significantly different during various intervals on the contralateral side, indicating the reliability of this standardized method for assessing MB. The MB technique achieved a high rate of subjective numbness (100%) according to the perception of the patients of overall numbness and lip numbness. Overall anesthetic success rates of pulpal anesthesia were 5.7% for the central incisor, 38.2% for the canine, 55.3% for the first premolar, and 90.2% for the first molar. No significant difference was found in the efficiency of anesthesia related to sex or age of the patients. A slower onset of pulpal anesthesia after MB was found for the anterior teeth than for the posterior teeth. This study suggests that the use of a standardized method might produce a clearer and more comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and manifestations of MB.     

医药企业对电子商务营销模式的科学选择

根据电子商务在我国快速发展的形势，分析我国医药企业可选择的电子商务应用模式，研究企业进行模式选择时所需要考虑的因素，提醒医药企业选择电子商务模式时应依据自身特点积极稳妥地决策，切忌盲目一哄而上。