Lethal effects of CCl4 and its metabolism by Mongolian gerbils pretreated with chlordecone, phenobarbital, or mirex.

Gerbils are much more sensitive to the hepatotoxic and lethal effects of CCl4 than rats as indicated by 48-hr LD50 values (0.08 vs 2.8 ml/kg). On the other hand, gerbils are refractory to chlordecone (CD) potentiation of CCl4 toxicity. To investigate the possible mechanism underlying the high sensitivity of gerbils to CCl4 lethality, the metabolism of CCl4 was studied in gerbils pretreated with dietary CD, phenobarbital (PB), or mirex (M) at 10, 225, and 10 ppm, respectively. The hepatic content of 14CCl4, the expiration of 14CCl4 and 14CCl4-derived 14CO2, and lipid peroxidation were measured and the results were compared with the previous data for rats. After the 15-day dietary pretreatment, male gerbils (60-80 g) received 14CCl4 (0.08 ml/kg; sp act 0.04 mCi/mmol) ip in corn oil and the radioactivity present in the expired air was collected for 6 hr. More than 80% of the parent compound as represented by the 14C-label in the toluene trap was expired in 6 hr regardless of the pretreatments. Expiration of 14CO2 measured during the 6 hr after 14CCl4 administration in control gerbils was 3.5-fold more than that in rats and was significantly increased in pretreated groups (M greater than PB greater than CD). PB and M pretreatments resulted in a significant increase of 14C-label bound to the nonlipid fraction of the liver as compared with CD-treated or control gerbils. The radiolabel present in the livers of control gerbils was 5-fold higher than that of rats. In vivo lipid peroxidation measured as diene conjugation in lipid extracts from the livers was lower in gerbils than in rats, and none of the pretreatments significantly affected lipid peroxidation. The serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated at 6 hr after CCl4 injection in all groups of gerbils. These data indicate that the more extensive metabolism of CCl4, as represented by 14CO2 formation and 14C-label bound to hepatic tissue, in gerbils as compared with rats, may partially explain the high sensitivity of gerbils to CCl4 toxicity. However, the enhanced metabolism of CCl4 found in CD-, PB-, or M-pretreated gerbils did not lead to amplified hepatotoxic and lethal effects of CCl4. The reason gerbils may be refractory to CD amplification of CCl4 injury might be associated with other factors yet to be investigated.     

育龄妇女月经周期中心血管功能的变化

本研究采用先进的三维超声成像技术及多普勒技术对正常育龄妇女月经周期中心血管功能进行研究。结果：月经周期中ＨＲ、ＢＰ无变化；血清Ｅ２是周期性变化，排卵前达高峰。ＳＶ、ＣＯ、ＥＦ在排卵前期升高达峰值，显著高于月经期和黄体期；ＳＶＲ排卵前期最低，而Ｖｅｄ、Ｖｅｓ无变化。Ｖｍａｘ、Ａ、Ｅ在内源性Ｅ２高峰时明显加快，而Ｅ／Ａ比值无明显变化。结果提示：月经周期中随内源性Ｅ２的周期性变化，心脏功能也发生周期性变化。Ｅ２高峰时，心输出量、心搏量和射血分数达最高。外周阻力最低，心脏内血流速度加快。     

海南文昌汉族人群中两种葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变的研究

目的:分析海南文昌人群中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因1376G→T、95A→G突变。方法:应用硝基四氮唑蓝定量法进行G6PD缺乏症的筛查,用等位基因特异PCR检测1376G→T、95A→G突变。结果:在358位海南文昌汉族人中,发现G6PD缺乏症患者20例,其中9例患者有1376G→T突变,3例患者有95A→G突变。结论:1376G→T、95A→G突变是文昌人群中常见的突变。     

急性重型颅脑损伤ET和CGRP含量变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨急性重型颅脑损伤 (ASBI)患者血浆中内皮素 (ET)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的含量变化及其临床意义。方法　用放免法测定 2 8例ASBI患者伤后 6～ 2 4h血浆中ET及CGRP含量。结果　ASBI患者ET含量明显增多 ,差别有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;CGRP也有一定的增多 ,但无显著性差异。结论　ET和CGRP共同参与ASBI病理生理反应过程 ,ET释放增加是加重脑继发性损害的重要因素     

经皮冠脉介入治疗病人围手术期应用β-受体阻滞剂的作用

目的评价经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)前应用β-受体阻滞剂对病人的保护作用。方法对青岛大学医学院附属医院1997~2004年间行PCI治疗病人210例,随机分为β-受体阻滞剂组(105例)及对照组(105例)。分别于术前、术后6~8h及16~24h抽取血标本检测心肌肌酸激酶(CK-MB)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)值,并随访病人院内、院外1年心脏事件的发生率。结果(1)两组间CK-MB、E、NE值均无统计学意义。同组间,不同时间内CK-MB、E、NE值差异亦无显著性。(2)服β-受体阻滞剂组院内病死率较未服者低(2.1%比4.1%),1年随访β-受体阻滞剂组院内病死率亦较未服者低(5.5%比7.1%)。结论PCI治疗前应用β-受体阻滞剂对病人有保护作用。     

急性缺血性脑血管疾病的药物序贯治疗

目的:探讨药物的序贯治疗对急性缺血性脑血管病的治疗效果。方法:随机分成去纤酶、奥扎格雷钠、盐酸丁格地尔序贯治疗组和使用肠溶阿斯匹林、复方丹参针对照组,治疗组和对照组在治疗前后作神经功能评估,患者的生活能力状态评价及脑循环血流变化的测定。结果:治疗组显效率76.1%,有效率8.7%,总有效率84.8%,对照组显效率23.5%,有效率14.7%,总有效率38.2%(P<0.05)。结论:药物序贯治疗急性缺血性脑血管病比常规治疗疗效显著。     

TAD方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞白血病疗效的评价

采用 TAD 方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞性白血病(ANLL)12例,年龄17～47岁。总有效率为66.7%,完全缓解率(CR)为41.7%。5例获 CR 的时间是26～66天,平均53天,较国内其它方案为快。CR 时间为2～9月,平均6.2月,较其它方案又较短。TAD 方案对心脏的毒性作用轻微。TAD 方案对5例获 CR 者,于诱导治疗第一疗程后,除1例外,骨髓中白血病细胞百分比下降均不明显;但于第二疗程后,白血病细胞全部减少到骨髓有核细胞总数的20%/以下,这种现象似可作为本方案预后的观察指标。     

改良式腹腔镜腹膜外补片植入法疝修补术

目的探讨改进式腹腔镜腹膜外补片植入法腹股沟疝修补术的可行性及临床意义.方法回顾性分析我院2002年6月～2004年10月13例腹股沟疝进行的腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜外补片植入法联合腹膜缝合覆盖修补术的临床资料.其中腹股沟斜疝9例,直疝4例;其中复发疝1例;右侧8例,左侧4例,双侧1例.结果手术均获成功,单侧手术时间35～85 min,平均50 min,无一例中转开腹,无术后并发症,术后平均住院时间2 d,13例随访1～28个月,平均12个月,无一例复发.结论腹腔镜下经腹腔途径腹膜外补片植入法联合腹膜缝合覆盖术是一种安全、可靠、疗效显著的腹股沟疝修补方法,具有手术操作简单、创伤小、术后疼痛轻、恢复快等优点,可以代替开放手术,值得推广应用.     

移动CT监测肺不张的临床应用

目的应用电子计算机体层摄影(CT)观察全身麻醉诱导前后肺不张的变化。方法8例择期行神经外科手术的患者,于麻醉前、麻醉诱导插管后行全肺CT扫描,选择肺尖、肺门、右膈顶上1cm三个层面的CT图像分析观察肺不张的变化。结果三个层面中,右膈顶上1cm层面的图像麻醉前后变化最明显,麻醉诱导插管后监测到明显的肺不张。结论全麻导致患者肺不张的面积和百分比增加,围术期肺部CT扫描能有效地监测到肺不张的发生,有助于优化术中机械通气,减少肺损伤。     

慢性结肠炎患者保留灌肠方法的临床研究

目的 :探讨用改进的保留灌肠方法治疗护理慢性结肠炎的效果 :方法 :随机将 6 0例慢性结肠炎患者分为对照组和观察组 ,对照组用传统保留灌肠方法 ,观察组的用注射式接尿管 (代肛管 )方法。结果 :与对照组比较 ,观察组药液在肠道内保留的时间延长 (P <0 0 1) ,灌肠药液外溢减少 (P <0 0 1) ,总有效率明显增高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :改进保留灌肠方法可减少药物外溢 ,延长药物在肠内保留的时间 ,提高治疗护理效果。现报告如下