The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

多元文化视野下人文护理的内涵与实践

从多元文化的角度探讨护理人文关怀的内涵及实践,不同的文化背景导致价值观、信仰的不同,对病痛的理解、治疗方式的选择也各不相同。护理人员应该理解社会文化环境对疾病和健康的影响、对疾病治疗的影响以及护患关系中以病人为主、以人为中心的理念,在护理人文关怀实践中,遵循尊重平等、有效沟通、需求对等和适度关怀的实践原则,使人文精神与医学技术在不同文化间相互渗透与融合,真正实现"以人为本"的护理。     

护理专业学生职业相关法律法规认知态度调查

目的 了解护生对职业相关法律、法规的认知情况,为在校护生法律教育提供参考.方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷,对249名护理大专和185名护理本科护生进行职业相关法律知识认知态度的调查.结果 护生了解职业相关法律知识的途径分别为学校(92.4%)、媒体(66.7%)、医院(32.7%)、其他(39.6%);护生的认知态度总分为51.92±2.43;专科护生对护士管理办法、医疗事故处理条例、民法、医疗用毒性药品管理办法、刑法、刑事诉讼法的认知态度得分显著低于本科护生(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 护生对职业相关法律、法规认知态度积极,其中专科护生相时较差;应采取多种教育方式和途径提高护生认知水平,尤其应加强专科护生的教育力度.     

基于仿真医疗情景下的开放式综合性护理技能训练实验

目前我国护理服务市场正向多层次、多形态发展，对护理人员的临床综合技能提出了更高的要求。为提高护生综合素质能力，在我校护生中开展了仿真医疗情景下的开放式综合性护理技能训练实验。运用生理驱动模拟系统，为学生创造仿真的病例情景；采用开放式的实验教学模式，倡导以学生为实验教学主体的综合性护理技能训练。通过尖端模拟技术和实验教学改革的创新性结合，锻炼学生的临床思维、应急处理、实践操作等综合技能，现报道如下。     

香菇多糖对糖尿病大鼠巨噬细胞脂质过氧化和一氧化氮的影响

目的：研究香菇多糖(LNT)对糖尿病大鼠巨噬细胞脂质过氧化作用和一氧化氮水平的影响。方法：SD大鼠分三组，正常对照组、糖尿病组、LNT治疗组，分别灌洗大鼠腹腔及肺泡巨噬细胞，并测定巨噬细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—PX)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性及一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果：糖尿病大鼠腹腔及肺泡巨噬细胞内SOD、GSH-PX、NOS活性及NO含量下降，MDA含量增高，经LNT治疗后，SOD、GSH-PX、NOS活性及NO含量升高，MDA含量下降。结论：LNT可提高糖尿病大鼠巨噬细胞抗脂质过氧化作用及NO水平。     

团队学习模式在《思维与沟通》课程中的应用

随着社会人群对健康需求的提高,护理人员不仅需要具有娴熟的护理技能,同时还需具备良好的沟通技巧和批判性思维能力[1],能因人、因病、因时地将护理专业知识进行转化和应用《思维与沟通》课程结合这一社会需求,探索团队学习模式,促使护生在团队学习中主动求知、合作互助、交流思想,以提高批判性思维及治疗性沟通能力。1团队学习的内涵团队学习模式(TBL)是以一个小型组织化的学习环境为条件,以引导护生自主探究、合作学习为抓手,以教师的有效教学     

应对过程理论在我国老年期痴呆患者照顾者干预中的应用

最新流行病学调查统计显示,全球患有老年期痴呆的患者人数已经高达2.4千万,更严重的是随着人口老龄化的迅速发展,老年期痴呆的发病率逐年上升〔1～3〕,据专家预测到2040年,这个人数将以每个二十年增加一倍的速度增长,每7秒钟就会产生1例新发病例〔4〕,对于90岁以上的已有认知障碍的     

老年期痴呆照顾者虐待行为研究进展

老年期痴呆是由慢性或进行性大脑结构的器质性损害引起的高级大脑功能障碍的一组症候群,患者会在意识清醒的状态下出现持久的、全面的智能减退、情感和行为障碍,独立生活和工作能力丧失[1].最新流行病学调查显示,全球患有老年期痴呆的人数2010年已经达到35.6百万[2].我国是老年期痴呆的重灾区,老年期痴呆患者占世界的25％.     

护理人员创新行为的研究综述

创新是时代进步与发展的主要推动力,医疗护理水平与经济水平的和谐发展也具有重要意义。护理人员作为医疗活动中重要力量,日益受到重视。本文基于个人创新行为的研究,选取了个人创新行为定义及影响因素的代表性观点做支撑,并对其测量方法、国内外学者在这一时期的主要研究做了概括。并对此做出了展望。