恶性肿瘤患者应用~(131)I肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体的护理体会

放射免疫治疗是继肿瘤放、化疗后又一全新的治疗方法。^131I肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体（唯美生），放射性浓度约为370MBq／mL，是一种用于实体瘤放射免疫治疗的^131I标记的人鼠嵌合型单抗，该单抗靶向作用于肿瘤坏死区中变性、坏死细胞的细胞核，将其荷载的放射性^131I输送到实体瘤坏死部位，通过其局部放射性而对实体瘤组织细胞产生杀伤作用，达到治疗目的。我院2007年6月至12月，应用^131I肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体治疗恶性肿瘤患者8例，由于涉及到辐射防护和环境保护，在护理的过程中与常规放、化疗治疗有明显区别。现将我们的护理体会报告如下。     

静脉留置针活塞夹闭部位对封管效果的观察

静脉留置针又称套管针,近几年来已在临床治疗中广泛应用,因其操作简单,套管柔软,在静脉内留置时间长,且不易穿破血管等优点,已较广泛地应用于临床。尤其在抢救危急病人以及应用于长期输液、血管条件较差的病人中发挥了普通静脉穿刺针无法替代的作用,深受广大患者和护士的喜爱,但是在静脉留置针的护理过程中,经常出现这样的现象:输液完毕封管时采用同样浓度的肝素液、同样的方法,仍会出现管腔内不同程度的回血、堵塞,存留时间短的难题(而留置针的最佳留置时间为5～7天左右)。就这一现象,我科护士进行了观察,发现留置针的活塞所卡部位的不同,…     

女性尖锐湿疣患者社会支持及影响因素分析

目的 描述女性尖锐湿疣患者社会支持现状及影响因素,为制定合理的护理措施提供依据.方法 用一般情况调查表和社会支持评定量表对200例女性尖锐湿疣患者进行调查.结果 患者的社会支持及3个维度得分均比国内常模低.文化程度、职业、婚姻状况等因素对患者的社会支持的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 女性尖锐湿疣患者的社会支持现状不容乐观,文化程度、职业等多种因素可影响患者的社会支持状况.护士应为患者提供适当的心理支持,改善患者的社会支持系统,从而提高社会支持和生活质量,早日恢复身心健康.     

不同层次护理学生对健康评估实践教学的评价

随着健康观念和护理模式的转变,护理专业课程比重逐渐增大,护理特色教育性越来越强.健康评估作为新兴的护理学科,其教学方法在逐步进展提高中[1,2].为提高健康评估教学质量,考察实践教学效果,2007年初,针对学习健康评估课程的不同层次护理学生进行健康评估实践教学的调查.现报道如下.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

多元文化视野下人文护理的内涵与实践

从多元文化的角度探讨护理人文关怀的内涵及实践,不同的文化背景导致价值观、信仰的不同,对病痛的理解、治疗方式的选择也各不相同。护理人员应该理解社会文化环境对疾病和健康的影响、对疾病治疗的影响以及护患关系中以病人为主、以人为中心的理念,在护理人文关怀实践中,遵循尊重平等、有效沟通、需求对等和适度关怀的实践原则,使人文精神与医学技术在不同文化间相互渗透与融合,真正实现“以人为本”的护理。     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的临床研究进展

脑转移是非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）常见的并发症之一,预后较差。近年来,程序性死亡因子-1（PD-1）/ 程序性死亡因子配体-1（PD-L1）免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）已逐渐发展为NSCLC的一线治疗,但在脑转移中 的疗效尚未明确。本综述即对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在NSCLC脑转移治疗中的研究进展进行总结。     

猫抓病8例

近年来 ,国内猫抓病陆续见有报道 ,但误诊和漏诊仍不在少数 ,现将我们所经治的８例报道分析如下。１．一般资料 :８例中男性５例 ,女性３例。年龄１５～６４岁 ,平均年龄４０±２５岁。发病时间在８～１０月份 ,潜伏期１５～５２天。８例均有猫咬伤史 ,其中１例同时有抓伤。咬伤部位 :右手中指２例 ,右手拇指２例 ,左手食指２例 ,两侧手背１例 ,右前臂１例。住院５例 (住外科３例、住内科２例 ) ,门诊３例。误诊情况 :误诊为恶性淋巴瘤２例、结节病１例、纤维瘤１例。２．临床表现 :８例咬伤侧腋窝和滑车上淋巴结明显肿大且疼痛 ,淋巴结大小…     

慕课形式下关于护理学翻转课堂教学思考与设计

基于慕课形式下的护理学翻转课堂进行教学思考与设计。结合护理学科特点提出了护理知识的系统性及护理专业的人文性、提升教师实施翻转课堂的能力、实现见习内容的微视化、提升学生学习自主性和信息素养等思考,并初步设计了护理翻转课堂教学模型图,以提升护理学教学质量。