Analysis of Risk and Burden of Dysentery Associated with Floods from 2004 to 2010 in Nanning,China

This study aimed to examine the association between floods and the morbidity of dysentery and to quantify the burden of dysentery due to floods in Nanning, China. A generalized additive mixed model was conducted to assess the relationship between monthly morbidity of dysentery and floods from 2004 to 2010. The years lived with disability (YLDs) of dysentery attributable to floods were then estimated based on the WHO framework of the burden of disease study for calculating the potential impact fraction. The relative risk (RR) of floods on the morbidity of dysentery was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.75). The models suggest that a potential 1-day rise in flood duration may lead to 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12) increase in the morbidity of dysentery. The average attributable YLD per 1,000 of dysentery caused by floods were 0.013 in males, 0.005 in females, and 0.009 in persons. Our study confirms that floods have significantly increased the risk and the burden of dysentery in the study area. Public health action should be taken to prevent and control the potential risk of dysentery after floods. Vulnerable groups such as males and children should be paid more attention.     

“医教研”三轴联动培养医学检验技术专业应用型人才的改革思路与实践

医学检验技术隶属医学技术一级学科，注重技术型人才培养。该专业教育目前存在重理论知识教学、轻实践技能培训，部分课程实用性不强，毕业生专业素质欠缺等问题。本研究将“教学”“临床”“科研”三轴结合，通过完善师资队伍，增加实验课程、临床技能和科研实训比例；依托“验证→综合→设计”实验、实验室开放和本科生科研竞赛等抓手，开展专业人才培养工作；取得较好教育成效，对检验学科发展也有一定助益。     

环状软骨前裂开对兔环状软骨生长发育的影响

目的:观察环状软骨前裂开对环状软骨生长发育的影响。方法:将幼兔环状软骨前正中裂开,8月后测量环状软骨内径,计算其管腔面积。结果:(1)与对照组比较,实验组兔环状软骨管腔面积无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)裂开处均由软组织连接,未形成过多瘢痕。结论:环状软骨前裂开对环状软骨及动物的生长发育无明显影响。     

Dexamethasone treatment attenuates early seawater instillation-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.

There is very little evidence on the value of giving corticoids in cases of seawater drowning induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether dexamethasone treatment can attenuate seawater instillation-induced acute lung injury in rabbits. Seawater (4 ml/kg body weight) was instilled into the lower trachea of ventilated, anesthetized rabbits. Then these rabbits were assigned randomly 20 min later to receive intravenous injection of 1mg/kg body weight of dexamethasone (dissolving in 2 ml of normal saline) or 2 ml of normal saline. All animals demonstrated immediate drops in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and the total thoracic compliance, which were significantly improved after 2 h of dexamethasone treatment. Histopathological study also indicated that dexamethasone treatment markedly attenuated lung histopathological changes, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration with evidence of decreasing of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration in lung tissue. In addition, dexamethasone treatment reduced extravascular lung water and lung epithelial-endothelial barrier permeability, up-regulated the expression of surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and alpha-epithelial Na+ channel, and increased Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity and Na+/K+-ATPase-alpha1 protein abundance. Thus, these data indicate that dexamethasone treatment might be of benefit in patients with seawater aspiration-induced ALI.     

犬Oddi括约肌肌电的研究

目的探索能准确稳定记录犬Oddi括约肌(sphincter of Oddi,SO)肌电活动的新方法,并对记录到的肌电波形进行初步分析。方法用自行研制的黏膜接触式电极记录30只犬SO肌电活动,同时记录十二指肠和胃的肌电活动,分析SO肌电波形的规律以及和胃十二指肠肌电的关系。结果用我们的方法可以记录到犬SO的快波和慢波,同步记录以及切离实验证实记录到的波形是犬的SO肌电而不是来自十二指肠和胃。结论犬的SO肌电记录是可行的,犬SO快波和慢波的发现将对SO功能研究提供一个新的平台。     

胃癌侵袭性对患者血清E-钙粘附素浓度的影响

探讨E-钙粘附素(E-Cd)对人胃癌侵袭性的作用。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附方法测定29例胃癌患者血清可溶性E-Cd浓度。结果:胃癌组明显高于对照组(P<0.01),浸润组或有淋巴结转移组明显高于膨胀组或无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01～0.05),切除瘤体后上述各组的血清E-Cd浓度均明显下降(P<0.01～0.05)。结论:血清可溶性E-Cd浓度可能与人胃癌的生长方式和淋巴结转移密切相关。     

民族生留学生考试不及格原因与对策调查

为了解临床医学专业留学生和民族生较为严重的功课不及格的原因并寻求相应的对策，课题组于2005年12月进行了学生问卷调查，2006年4月对教师进行了半结构式访谈调查和访谈发现，学生的汉语水平和原有的学习基础、学习生活习惯、对学校教学管理制度和管理系统的熟悉程度、自学时间和学习努力程度、学校学院教师对待他们方式等是主要的影响因素；根据调查与访谈，课题组针对影响因素归纳出了相应的对策，     

系统康复治疗对年轻肩关节脱位患者肩关节稳定性的作用

目的对年轻患者肩关节脱位进行系统的康复治疗,以检验系统康复疗法疗效优于单纯固定的假设。方法根据所采用的治疗方法,将43例40岁以下的急性肩关节脱位患者分成实验组23例,对照组20例。实验组患者进行包括关节活动范围锻炼、发展肩胛骨周围肌的肌力训练、发展肩袖肌的肌力、适度的外展、外旋锻炼及耐力训练在内的系统康复治疗。对照组只进行单纯固定后未经系统康复治疗。对两组患者的临床效果进行比较。结果实验组复发率为17%(4/23),对照组复发率为45%(9/20),两组复发率比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=3.866,P<0.05);随访结果显示肩关节ASES评分实验组为90.9±4.87,对照组为75.4±4.94,两组差异有非常显著性意义(t=9.94,P=2.99×10-12<0.01)。结论肩关节脱位年轻患者进行系统的康复锻炼,可以提高患肩的稳定性。     

螺旋CT的预防性维修

尽早发现故障苗头,并将故障消灭于萌芽状态,是预防性维修的目的,是维修工作的最高境界,具体工作包括定期保养,定期检查,随即处置隐患,根据从业多年经验小结了一些针对螺旋CT的预防性维修感受。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在胶质瘤术后随访中的应用价值初探

目的探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像在胶质瘤术后随访中的应用价值。方法对23例胶质瘤术后患者进行CT灌注成像,测量术后复发残余病灶、术后未复发病变区、残腔病灶及脑组织正常区域的CT灌注参数值[包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、脑血管表面通透性(PS),以及其各相对参数值(rCBF、rCBV、rPS)],应用SPSS11.0统计软件包,独立样本t检验进行显著性分析。结果复发残余组10例,CBF值、CBV值及PS值均升高,rCBF值为1.99±0.72,rCBV值为2.57±0.79,rPS值为10.79±5.85。未复发组11例,CBF值及CBV值均降低,rCBF为0.36±0.99,rCBV为0.76±0.41。8例PS值接近正常值,3例术后早期CT灌注检查PS值较明显升高,8～10个月再次复查PS值接近正常。术后残腔2例,CBF值略降低,CBV值略升高,PS值较明显升高。胶质瘤术后复发残余组与术后未复发组比较,二者的CT灌注参数值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与正常脑组织区域比较,二者的CT灌注参数值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与术后残腔组比较,CBF值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CBV值及PS值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未复发组与脑组织正常区域比较,CBF值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),CBV值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PS值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未复发病例组与术后残腔组比较,CBF值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CBV值及PS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论CT灌注成像能准确地反映脑肿瘤术后的血流动力学改变,在确定肿瘤术后是复发残余还是未复发上有重要价值;PS值大小能较准确反映血脑屏障的破坏程度,但在鉴别肿瘤术后为复发残余还是残腔上无特异性。