骶骨骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨骶骨骨巨细胞瘤外科切除边界与局部复发率及骶神经保留节段与神经功能的关系.方法 对1996年8月至2008年8月行肿瘤切除的48例骶骨骨巨细胞瘤患者进行回顾性分析,男20例,女28例;年龄19～74岁,平均34.7岁.肿瘤累及S1～S5 4例,S1～S4 7例,S1～S3 15例,S1,2 12例,S2～S5 8例,S3～S5 2例.采用单纯后路29例,前后联合入路19例.整块切除2例,边缘切除12例,边缘切除加刮除25例,刮除9例.术后定期随访,观察局部复发情况与骶神经功能.结果 41例随访18～115个月,平均43.5个月.术中出血量550～12000 ml,平均3560 ml.1例发生良性肺转移,2例发生肉瘤变后死亡.15例肿瘤原位复发,其中整块切除复发率0(0/2)、边缘切除18.2%(2/11)、边缘切除加刮除40.9%(9/22)、单纯刮除66.7%(4/6).边缘切除局部复发率低于单纯刮除,差异有统计学意义.保留双侧S3神经根者大小便功能障碍发生率7.4%(2/27),保留单侧S3神经根者33.3%(4/12),差异有统计学意义.结论 外科切除边界与骶骨骨巨细胞瘤局部复发率相关,在注意保留骶神经根的前提下应以边缘切除为目标;保留双侧S3神经根可使绝大部分患者的括约肌功能得以恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the relations between optimal surgical margin and local recurrence and the impact of preserving segment of sacral nerve root on neural functions based on the clinical and pathological features of giant cell tumor(GCT).Methods From August 1996 to August 2008,48 patients with sacral GCT undergoing tumor resection were respectively analyzed,including 20 males and 28 females with an average of 34.7 years(range,19-74).The tumors were located in S1-S5 in 4 patients,S1-S4 in 7,S1-S3 in 15,S1,2 in 12,S2-S5 in 8,and S3-S5 in 2.Surgical methods included single posterior approach in 29 cases,combined anterior-posterior approach in 19.The surgical margins adopted were en-bloc in 2 patients,marginal in 15,marginal and curettage in 25,and curettage in 9.Results Forty-one of 48 cases were successfully followed up,the average time was 43.5 months(range,18-115).The average blood loss during surgery was 3560 ml(range,550-12 000).Benign lung metastasis occurred in one case 6 years after operation,2 patients died of malignant transformation.Local recurrence occurred in 15 cases.The recurrence rates in patients with en-bloc resection,marginal resection,marginal resection combined with curettage,and curettage were 0,18.2%,40.9%,66.7%,respectively.The recurrence rate of marginal group was significantly lower than that of the curettage group.Of 27 cases with bilateral S3 nerve root preservation,2 sufiered from urine or fetal dysfunction.with an incidence rate of 7.4%.While 4 of 12 patients with unilateral S3 nerve root preservation suffered from sphincter disturbance,with an incidence rate of 33.3%.The significant difference between groups in nerve root preservation was confirmed.Conclusion Optimal surgical margin for sacral GCT is of great importance to local control of tumor recurrence,the surgical procedure of sacral GCT should aim at the marginal resection on the basis of rational sacral nerve roots preservation;preservation of bilateral S3 nerve roots contributes to the recovery of sphincteral function in most patients.     

老年肱骨近端骨质疏松性骨折的临床治疗策略

目的探讨老年肱骨近端骨质疏松性骨折的治疗方法与疗效。方法本组病例收集自2003年3月—2010年3月,共51例,其中男22例,女29例,年龄55~74岁,平均(63.6±7.4)岁。按Neer分型:二部分骨折21例,单纯三部分骨折18例,三部分合并关节脱位3例,单纯四部分骨折9例。其中2例三部分骨折合并关节脱位及7例四部分骨折采用半肩关节置换术,其余均采用锁定加压钢板内固定治疗。随访时间5~34个月,平均(17.6±6.4)个月。结果患者分别按Neer肩关节功能评分标准评估,未见显著性差异。结论锁定加压钢板内固定术是治疗老年肱骨近端骨质疏松性骨折有效选择之一,半肩关节置换为复杂肩关节损伤提供了一个有效的治疗手段。     

含HN基因的重组鸡痘病毒抑制骨肉瘤细胞SAOS-2的体外实验研究

目的探讨含HN的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPVHN）对骨肉瘤细胞SAOS-2的抑制效应。方法以rFPVHN感染人骨肉瘤细胞SAOS-2,应用MTT法检测细胞活性,罗丹明123结合FACS测定线粒体跨膜电位,测定肿瘤细胞表面唾液酸含量,底物染色反映检测Caspase-3活性。结果 rFPVHN感染可有效抑制SAOS-2肿瘤细胞,杀伤率达58.9%。感染使SAOS-2肿瘤细胞线粒体膜电位下降,导致SAOS-2肿瘤细胞凋亡。细胞表面唾液酸水平明显下降;Caspase-3活性被激活。结论 rFPVHN可诱导SAOS-2肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

初乳口腔免疫疗法联合三阶梯俯卧位在呼吸暂停早产儿护理中的应用

目的 探讨初乳口腔免疫疗法联合三阶梯俯卧位在呼吸暂停早产儿护理中的应用效果。方法 将本院2019年11月—2021年11月接收的78例呼吸暂停早产儿根据随机数字表法分为对照组(给予常规口腔管理及体位干预)与观察组(给予初乳口腔免疫疗法联合三阶梯俯卧位干预),每组各39例，观察并比较两组的口腔感染和呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率及机械通气效果。结果 观察组的口腔感染和VAP发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组机械通气有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 对呼吸暂停早产儿在机械通气治疗时给予初乳口腔免疫疗法联合三阶梯俯卧位干预，能够有效预防早产儿口腔感染及VAP发生，提高早产儿机械通气效果。