深圳市2002年急诊住院死亡病例调查

目的　查找急救各环节存在的问题 ,降低急救死亡率和伤残率 ,为进一步建设和完善急救网络提供客观依据。方法　对照 2 0 0 2年全市 6 0个急救网络医院急诊入院急救的 14 4 6份死亡病历填写调查表 ,用Profox6 0建立数据库 ,用SPSS 11 0统计分析。结果　各项急救处置用时中位数 :下达首次医嘱、执行首次医嘱和上级医师到场均为 5min ,二线医师到场 10min ;病情讨论和院内会诊时间分别为入院后 12 0min和 180min ;开始输血时间为入院后 6 0min。调查中发现一些医师对急救技术和程序掌握不到位 ,医疗文书时间因素记录不详细 ,存在制度不落实的现象 ;急诊住院死亡和院前死亡的死因谱有差别。结论　急诊住院急救在时间因素、技术因素和质量因素等方面需进一步提高 ,要提高对急救工作的重视程度     

FGF 23和Klotho蛋白水平在终末期肾病患者中与钙磷代谢及其伴发病的相关性

【摘要】 目的 探讨血清成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF 23）和Klotho蛋白水平在终末期肾病（ESRD）患者中与钙磷代谢、动脉硬化、左室肥厚的相关性。方法 选取2015年1月～2016年4月在大连大学附属中山医院血液净化科进行血液透析（HD）的患者50例为血透组、腹膜透析（PD）患者50例为腹透组,并选取同期在本院体检的健康人群30例为健康对照组。通过整理资料、实验室检测、超声科检查比较不同透析方式对FGF 23和Kloth蛋白水平的影响、同时分析FGF 23和Kloth蛋白水平与钙磷代谢、动脉硬化及左室肥厚的相关性。结果 血透、腹透组FGF 23水平明显高于健康对照组,且血透组FGF 23水平也明显高于腹透组,差异有统计学意义（P＜005）;血透组、腹透组Klotho蛋白水平明显低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）,血透组与腹透组Klotho蛋白水平相近,差异无统计学意义（P＞005）;FGF 23水平与钙磷代谢呈正相关（r =05323、05178、05178,P＜005）、与继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进呈正相关（r =03038,P＜005）、与颈动脉硬化呈正相关（r =02987,P＜005）;Kloth蛋白与钙磷代谢呈负相关（r = 05103、 01105、 05264,P＜005）、与继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进呈正相关（r =03254,P＜005）。结论 ESRD透析患者中FGF 23存在高表达,而Klotho蛋白存在低表达,它们与HD、PD患者发生高磷血症、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、动脉硬化关系密切。     

The protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-induced cell death and oxidative stress

AIM: To explore the protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-radiation and excessive oxidative stress. METHODS: Human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells were isolated from cadaver and cultured in vitro. They were challenged with UVB radiation and H2O2 with and without zeaxanthin pretreatment. Cell viability, p38 and c-JUN NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. RESULTS: Zeaxanthin had no measurable cytotoxicity on limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells when used at concentrations of 5 μg/mL and below. At 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, the pretreatment of zeaxanthin increased the percentage of live cells from 50% to 69% (P=0.01) and from 66% to 75% (P=0.05) for limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells, respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in the culture medium reduced to 66% (for IL-6 and MCP-1) and 56% (for IL-8) of the levels without zeaxanthin. This was accompanied by reduced p38 and JNK protein phosphorylation. Pretreatment of zeaxanthin also reduced intracellular MDA content caused by H2O2 stimulation from 0.86 μmol/L to 0.52 μmol/L (P=0.02) in limbal epithelial cells and from 0.96 μmol/L to 0.56 μmol/L in conjunctival epithelial cells (P=0.03). However, zeaxanthin did not have significant effect on H2O2-induced cell death in limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: Zeaxanthin is an effective reagent in reducing the detrimental effect of UV-radiation and oxidative stress on ocular surface epithelial cells.     

Radiofrequency hyperthermia-enhanced herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir direct intratumoral gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFH) and to enhance the therapeutic effect of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and methods: Human HCC cells (HepG2) were first transfected with lentivirus/luciferase. For both in vitro confirmation and in vivo validation, luciferase-labeled HCC cells and HCC tumour xenografts on mice received different treatments: (i) combination therapy of intratumoral HSV-TK/GCV-mediated gene therapy plus magnetic resonance imaging heating guidewire (MRIHG)-mediated RFH; (ii) gene therapy only; (iii) RFH only; and (iv) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as control. Cell proliferation was quantified. Tumour changes were monitored by ultrasound imaging and bioluminescence optical imaging before and at days 7 and 14 after treatments, which were correlated with subsequent histology.

Results: In vitro, the lowest cell proliferation was seen in the combination therapy group compared with control groups (29?±?6% vs. 56?±?9%, 93?±?4%, and 100?±?5%, p?p?p?Conclusion: RFH can enhance HSV-TK/GCV-mediated gene therapy of HepG2 cell line and mice human HCC xenografts, which may open new avenues for effective management of HCC using MR/RFH integrated interventional gene therapy.     

Two Nonlinear Positivity-Preserving Finite Volume Schemes for Three-Dimensional Heat Conduction Equations on General Polyhedral Meshes

In this article we present two types of nonlinear positivity-preserving finite volume (PPFV) schemes for a class of three-dimensional heat conduction equations on general polyhedral meshes. First, we present a new parameter selection strategy on the one-sided flux and establish a nonlinear PPFV scheme based on a two-point flux with higher efficiency. By comparing with the scheme proposed in [H. Xie, X. Xu, C. Zhai, H. Yong, Commun. Comput. Phys. 24 (2018) 1375–1408], our scheme avoids the assumption that the values of auxiliary unknowns are nonnegative, which makes our interpolation formulae suitable to be constructed by existing approaches with high accuracy and well robustness (e.g., the finite element method), thus enhancing the adaptability to distorted meshes with large deformations. Then we derive a linear multi-point flux involving combination coefficients and, via the Patankar trick, obtain another nonlinear PPFV scheme that is concise and easy to implement. The selection strategy of combination coefficients is also provided to improve the convergence behavior of the Picard procedure. Furthermore, the existence and positivity-preserving properties of these two nonlinear PPFV solutions are proved. Numerical experiments with the discontinuous diffusion scalar as well as discontinuous and anisotropic diffusion tensors are given to confirm our theoretical findings and demonstrate that our schemes both can achieve ideal-order accuracy even on severely distorted meshes.     

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Attenuates Myocardial Inflammation and Mitochondrial Injury Induced by Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV ECMO) in a Healthy Piglet Model

In this study, we investigated the myocardial inflammation and mitochondrial function during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) and further evaluated the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on them. Eighteen piglets were assigned to the control group, ECMO group, and ECMO+CRRT group. Myocardial inflammation was assessed by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), myocardial concentrations, and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; mitochondrial function was assessed by activities of mitochondrial complexes I–V. VV ECMO elicited a general activation of serum and myocardial inflammation and significantly decreased the activities of mitochondrial complexes I and IV. After being combined with CRRT, serum and myocardial concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6, myocardial mRNA expression of IL-6, and the activity of MPO were decreased significantly; the activities of mitochondrial complexes were increased. We conclude that myocardial inflammation was activated during ECMO therapy, inducing mitochondrial injury; moreover, CRRT reduced myocardial inflammation and partially ameliorated mitochondrial function.     

转化糖注射液对于神经外科危重症患者血糖的影响

目的比较神经外科危重症患者输注10%转化糖和10%葡萄糖溶液对于患者血糖水平的影响。方法选择该院40例神经外科危重症患者,在转入重症监护室(ICU)第1天分别给予10%转化糖(实验组)或10%葡萄糖溶液(对照组)1 000mL,间隔4h监测1次血糖值,同时纪录患者给药前后肝肾功能指标,比较两组血糖变化值的差异。结果实验组的血糖波动小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组输液后肝肾功能无明显差异。两组均未出现过敏反应。结论 10%转化糖较10%葡萄糖更适合用于神经外科危重症患者血糖的控制。