世界华人消化杂志现状及未来发展的目标

0引言《世界华人消化杂志》创刊于1993-01-15,原刊名《新消化病学杂志》,1999-03-25经国家科学技术部和国家新闻出版总署批准更名为《世界华人消化杂志》．《世界华人消化杂志》综合介绍消化病学前沿基础与临床研究的发现,覆盖消化病学领域中经临床实验证明的技术进展．经历了近14 a的发展,本刊在以下几个方面取得了长足的进步．     

Neurovascular coupling in humans: Physiology,methodological advances and clinical implications

Neurovascular coupling reflects the close temporal and regional linkage between neural activity and cerebral blood flow. Although providing mechanistic insight, our understanding of neurovascular coupling is largely limited to non-physiological ex vivo preparations and non-human models using sedatives/anesthetics with confounding cerebrovascular implications. Herein, with particular focus on humans, we review the present mechanistic understanding of neurovascular coupling and highlight current approaches to assess these responses and the application in health and disease. Moreover, we present new guidelines for standardizing the assessment of neurovascular coupling in humans. To improve the reliability of measurement and related interpretation, the utility of new automated software for neurovascular coupling is demonstrated, which provides the capacity for coalescing repetitive trials and time intervals into single contours and extracting numerous metrics (e.g., conductance and pulsatility, critical closing pressure, etc.) according to patterns of interest (e.g., peak/minimum response, time of response, etc.). This versatile software also permits the normalization of neurovascular coupling metrics to dynamic changes in arterial blood gases, potentially influencing the hyperemic response. It is hoped that these guidelines, combined with the newly developed and openly available software, will help to propel the understanding of neurovascular coupling in humans and also lead to improved clinical management of this critical physiological function.     

Synergistic growth inhibitory and differentiating effects of trimidox and tiazofurin in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells

Increased ribonucleotide reductase (RR) activity has been linked with malignant transformation and tumor cell growth. Therefore, this enzyme is considered to be an excellent target for cancer chemotherapy. We have examined the effects of a newly patented RR inhibitor, trimidox (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydroxamidoxime). Trimidox inhibited the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 35 mumol/L. Incubation of HL-60 cells with 50 mumol/L trimidox for 24 hours decreased deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) pools to 24% and 39% of control values, respectively. Incubation of HL-60 cells with 20 to 80 mumol/L trimidox even up to a period of 4 days did not alter the distribution of cells in different phases of cell cycle. Sequential incubation of HL-60 cells with trimidox (25 mumol/L) for 24 hours and then with 10 mumol/L tiazofurin (an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase) for 4 days produced synergistic growth inhibitory activity, and the cell number decreased to 16% of untreated controls. When differentiation- linked cell surface marker expressions were determined in cells treated with trimidox and tiazofurin, a significantly increased fluorescence intensity was observed for the CD 11b (2.9-fold). CD 33 (1.9-fold), and HLA-D cell surface antigens. Expression of the transferrin receptor (CD71) increased 7.3-fold in cells treated with both agents, compared with untreated controls. Our results suggest that trimidox in combination with tiazofurin might be useful in the treatment of leukemia.     

The role of fatty acid hydrolase gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease

Background  Recent studies suggest a role for the endocannabinoid system, including fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in intestinal inflammation.
Aim  To analyse FAAH expression and the FAAH 385 C/A (p.Pro129Thr; rs324420) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in-patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Patients and methods  Genomic DNA from 1008 individuals (CD: n  = 435; UC: n  = 167; controls: n  = 406) was analysed for the FAAH 385 C/A SNP. We determined FAAH mRNA expression by quantitative PCR in CD and UC lesions as well as in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).
Results  There were no significant differences regarding the frequency of this SNP in the three study groups (CD, UC, controls). However, CD patients homozygous for the FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism were more likely to develop a severe disease phenotype associated with fistulas ( P  = 0.03, OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.08–8.98) and extra-intestinal manifestations ( P  = 0.005, OR 4.29, CI 1.49–12.35). In UC, homozygous carriers had an earlier disease onset than wild-type carriers ( P  = 0.01). FAAH mRNA expression correlated with IL-8 mRNA expression in CD lesions ( r  = 0.53). However, pro-inflammatory stimuli did not significantly increase FAAH mRNA expression in IECs.
Conclusion  The FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism may modulate the CD phenotype.     

聚焦超声与低温等离子治疗后兔鼻黏膜形态学分析

目的 观察聚焦超声与低温等离子对鼻黏膜形态学的影响程度及意义.方法 运用聚焦超声技术,在设定的剂量参数下对兔鼻甲进行直线扫描;运用低温等离子射频消融术对免鼻甲进行处理,在1个月及3个月后对两种方法处理后兔鼻甲切片及正常兔鼻甲切片进行对比观察,通过大体形态、光镜下观察对两种治疗方法兔鼻黏膜组织形态学的改变进行比较.结果 两种方法处理后1个月及3个月后兔鼻甲在外观和色泽无明显改变,光镜下显示兔鼻黏膜上皮层完整;运用低温等离子射频消融术处理后兔鼻甲外观较正常缩小,色泽灰白,且有分泌物存在,光镜下显示兔鼻黏膜上皮层断裂,部分切片上皮层完全消失.结论 在设定参数下聚焦超声可不破坏鼻黏膜上皮,可使鼻黏膜黏液纤毛系统功能得以完全保留.     

广州地区大学生对转基因食品的认知与态度

目的了解大学生对转基因食品的认知与态度,为大学生的食品健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对广州市1 010名大学生进行问卷调查。结果64.0%的大学生对转基因食品有不同程度的了解;40.1%的学生认为转基因食品营养价值更高;39.9%的学生认为转基因食品有预防疾病、提高免疫力等作用;34.0%的学生认为转基因食品中含有的细菌与病毒等基因会对人体有害;63.5%的学生赞成在中国推出转基因食品,并希望加快发展速度;75.7%的学生认为应制定完善的管理法规,并给转基因食品贴上明确的标签。结论大学生对转基因食品缺乏认知,应加强对大学生转基因食品知识的教育。     

Peritoneal interleukin-10 increases with decrease in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes in women with endometriosis

This study was performed to determine whether peritoneal T cells are suppressed in the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subpopulation and whether they are Th1 or Th2 predominant in women with endometriosis. Immune cells in the peritoneal fluid (PF) were obtained from women undergoing laparoscopy for endometriosis or tubal ligation. Three-colour flow cytometry was utilized for immunophenotyping of peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by PFMC with and without mitogen stimulation and concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12 were measured in PF. The peritoneal T lymphocytes were predominantly of the Th1 type that produced much more IFN-gamma but less IL-4 or IL-5 in women with or without endometriosis. The decrease in peritoneal lymphocytes was significant in the HLA-DR+ CD4+ CD3+ subpopulation and the concentrations of peritoneal IL-10 and IL-12 were significantly elevated in women with early stage endometriosis. There was impaired IL- 5 production by PFMC after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation in women with advanced stage endometriosis. We concluded that the activated peritoneal CD4+ Th1 cells from the women with endometriosis were decreased in number. The suppression of these T cells may be due to the elevation of IL-10 and IL-12 in the peritoneal fluid.      

Paired human chorionic gonadotrophin determinations for the prediction of pregnancy outcome in assisted reproduction

The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of single and paired measurements of serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for successful pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and tubal embryo transfer (TET). We analysed serum HCG concentrations 15 and 22 days after IVF or TET in 198 conception cycles. Cut-off values of serum HCG were determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. On the basis of single HCG samples on day 15 (HCG15) after transfer, using a cut-off value of HCG15 = 150 mIU/ml, the sensitivity was 71% and the specificity was 77%. The positive predictive value (HCG15 > or = 150 mIU/ml indicating a normal pregnancy) was 89%, while the negative predictive rate (HCG15 < 150 mIU/ml indicating an abnormal pregnancy) was 51%. Patients with HCG15 < 150 mIU/ml but HCG22/HCG15 ratio > or = 15, still had a 90% chance of normal pregnancy. However, in patients with HCG15 < 150 mIU/ml and an HCG22/HCG15 ratio < 15, there was an 84% chance of an abnormal pregnancy. We conclude that a single HCG15 determination combined with the ratio of HCG22 to HCG15 has a higher diagnostic accuracy for prediction of pregnancy outcome than either analysis alone.      

Total antioxidant status and nitric oxide do not increase in peritoneal fluids from women with endometriosis

To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of adhesion formation and in endometriosis-associated infertility, we examined the peritoneal total antioxidant status (TAS) and the concentrations of products of NO metabolism in women with endometriosis (early stage, n = 12; advanced stage, n = 12) and in fertile women without endometriosis (n = 10). Peritoneal CA 125 and oestrogen and progesterone concentrations were also measured to examine their contributions to TAS and the production of NO. We failed to demonstrate any significant difference in TAS and in the products of NO metabolism in peritoneal fluids among women with early and advanced stages of endometriosis compared with fertile women without endometriosis during the early follicular phase. TAS and the concentration of the products of NO metabolism were not related to concentrations of CA 125, oestrogen or progesterone. The concentration of CA 125 in serum, but not in peritoneal fluid, was positively correlated with the severity of endometriosis. The volume of peritoneal fluid and the progesterone concentration were significantly increased in the group with advanced endometriosis. TAS and the concentration of the products of NO metabolism did not increase in peritoneal fluids from women with endometriosis during the early follicular phase. Their role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis needs to be explored further.