数字化手术室的开发和建设

数字化手术室属于信息技术与医学技术的交叉点。从目前的应用环境来看。将实时数据监测与查询和远程医学影像技术相结合，应用到手术室环境中，具有重要意义。数字化手术室的开发和建设，是利用先进的远程会议技术和图像处理技术，集成了HIS和PACS信息，提高了医院临床教学水平，同时提高了医生手术效率和安全性。     

Bradyarrhythmias and Laparoscopy: A Prospective Study of Heart Rate Changes with Laparoscopy

Cardiac arrhythmias are a common complication of laparoscopy. Brady-arrhythmias (including asystole) may be life-threatening. The recent introduction of new shorter-acting muscle relaxants (atracurium and vecuronium), with their lack of vagolytic activity, may exacerbate this situation. At the Royal Women's Hospital there have been several episodes of severe bradyarrhythmias and/or asystole associated with these relaxants. This study evaluated heart rate changes in 49 women during laparoscopy: 47% of patients had arrhythmias, 30% of these being bradyarrhythmias. Nearly all the episodes occurred during carbon dioxide insufflation or with traction on pelvic structures. The life-threatening nature of this phenomenon should be understood by all anaesthetists and gynaecologists engaged in laparoscopic procedures.     

初治鼻咽癌调强放疗的初步结果

目的分析调强放疗（IMRT）在初治鼻咽癌应用的初步结果.方法76例经病理证实的初治鼻咽癌患者接受了全程IMRT.根据1992年福州分期标准,Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期20例,Ⅲ期29例,Ⅳ期25例.采用多叶光栅的静态调强技术实施IMRT,采用的逆向治疗计划系统分别为TMS、CMS和Pinnacle.各靶区处方剂量均以其PTV定义给予,鼻咽肿瘤（GTV）和颈部淋巴结（GTV-LN）处方剂量为68～76Gy,鼻咽区域及上颈部临床靶区（CTV1）处方剂量为58～66Gy.下颈部锁骨上区域（CTV2）37例采用IMRT技术,处方剂量为50～60Gy,39例采用常规技术单前切线野照射.晶体、脑干、脊髓、视神经和视交叉的最高限量（99%体积低于此剂量）分别为8、54、40、54、54 Gy.7例合并同时化疗,4例IMRT后鼻咽局部予以立体定向放疗加量.采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,RTOG标准评价急性副反应.结果中位随访期为10个月,全组死亡3例,分别死于鼻咽肿瘤未控大出血、肝转移和治疗相关并发症.1、2年总生存率分别为92%、92%;鼻咽和颈部1、2年局部控制率均为95%,4例出现了远处转移;1、2年无瘤生存率分别为95%、86%.急性反应以1、2级为主,其中唾液腺为99%,咽部和黏膜分别为88%和72%.GTV、GTV-LN、CTV1、CTV2的平均剂量均值分别为74.3、74.1、67.2、60.2Gy,平均低于95%处方剂量的靶区体积分别为0.58%、0.31%、0.67%、0.59%.左、右腮腺的中位剂量分别为33.9、34.0 Gy,晶体、脑干、脊髓、视神经、交叉最高剂量平均值分别为7.2、53.4、41.6、53.4、55.6 Gy.结论调强放疗技术能对初治鼻咽癌的各靶区达到很好的剂量分布,达到较高局部控制率,并降低了周围危及器官剂量和急性治疗反应,远期结果需进一步观察.     

喉鳞状细胞癌中PTEN蛋白表达与微血管密度的相关性

目的 研究喉鳞癌（LSCC）组织中抑癌基因PTEN蛋白（PTEN）的表达与肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）之间的相关性。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测10例正常喉组织、20例癌旁组织和60例LSCC组织中PTEN基因和MVD的表达情况。结果 PTEN在LSCC、癌旁喉组织及正常组织中阳性表达率分别为70．00％、95．00％、100．00％，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。LSCC组织中PTEN蛋白表达在TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、高中分化癌、无转移、生存率〉3年的患者中表达水平较Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、低分化和有转移、生存率〈3年的患者高，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。在不同恶性程度、分化程度、预后及有无转移的LSCC组织中，PTEN蛋白表达与MVD呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 PTEN基因突变和／或缺失可能在LSCC的发生、发展和血管形成中发挥重要作用。PTEN、MVD是反映LSCC生物学行为的重要指标。     

高通量筛选JAK-STAT6信号传导通路抑制剂方法的初步建立

目的构建可用于高通量筛选JAK/STAT6信号传导通路抑制剂的工程细胞株,建立稳定可靠的筛选方法。方法利用基因重组和转染技术,将STAT6特异性识别启动子IgE基因序列和虫荧光素酶报告基因联合插入pCMV质粒,脂质体法转染至HeLa细胞,经潮红霉素B抗性筛选及报告基因检测,得到稳定表达虫荧光素酶的工程细胞株。通过优化溶剂DMSO浓度,IL4作用浓度及孵育时间等筛选条件,建立了可靠的筛选方法,并在此基础上对1600种化合物进行了筛选。结果建立的筛选方法稳定可靠,系统Z′因子达到0.64。通过对1600种化合物的筛选,得到3个抑制效果较理想的化合物并测得其IC50值。结论所建立的高通量筛选方法可用于JAK/STAT6信号传导通路抑制剂的筛选。     

脾脏肿瘤的诊断及治疗

 目的　探讨脾脏肿瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法　回顾分析我院 1978年 7月至 1999年 6月手术切除的 2 5例脾脏肿瘤的临床资料。结果　脾脏肿瘤男女发病率相似 ,临床表现以左上腹不适、疼痛及左季肋部肿物多见 ,辅助检查B超诊断率为 6 8% ,CT诊断率为 10 0 % ,良性肿瘤以脾囊肿最常见 ,恶性肿瘤以脾淋巴瘤最常见 ,良性肿瘤的治疗采用脾切除术或脾部分切除术 ,恶性肿瘤行脾切除或联合脏器切除辅以化疗。结论　脾脏肿瘤术前诊断依据CT、B超联合检查 ,最后确诊需手术切除及病理诊断 ,脾脏肿瘤无论良恶性均需手术治疗     

Continuous Spinal Anesthesia/Analgesia for Perioperative Management of Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Laparotomy for Gastroplastic Surgery

Background: The authors determined prospectively the safety of continuous spinal anesthesia combined with general anesthesia and the efficacy of postoperative pain relief with continuous spinal analgesia for morbidly obese patients undergoing vertical banded gastroplasty. Methods: 27 patients (13 men, 14 women) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 50.4 ± 7.8 and several co-morbidities were studied. All patients were anesthetized with the same anesthetic regimen, which included midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, muscle relaxants, N₂O, isoflurane and intrathecal bupivacaine. Postoperative pain relief was provided for 5 days and all patients received the same regimen, which included intrathecal bupivacaine, fentanyl and intravenous tenoxicam. The intrathecal analgesic regimen was administered continuously through a pump which had the facility of providing bolus doses when requested in predetermined lockout intervals. Intra-operative monitoring included hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. Additional postoperative monitoring included respiratory rate, degree of sedation, sensory level of anesthesia, motor response and intensity of pain. Results: Intraoperative anesthetic technique was safe and provided satisfactory results in the immediate postoperative period. Furthermore, the postoperative analgesia regimen provided effective analgesia in all patients.The mean doses of fentanyl and bupivacaine infused intrathecally for the first 24 postoperative hours were 14.1 ± 2.0 μg.h^-1 and 0.7 ± 0.1 mg.h^-1 respectively, while the requirements of anal gesia decreased progressively with time. The technique provided effective analgesia with low pain scores, which was reflected by ease in mobilizing and performing physical exercises with the physiotherapist. Only minor complications related to anesthesia and analgesia were encountered. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this technique of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia has not been described before in morbidly obese patients. This regimen merits further controlled trials to establish its place in the perioperative management of morbidly obese patients.     

体外培养小鼠耳蜗Corti器对庆大霉素的吸收

目的 观察庆大霉素-德州红耦联物在体外培养小鼠耳蜗Corti器的分布情况,比较不同时间庆大霉素吸收的差异.方法 分离小鼠耳蜗Corti器,体外培养,培养液中加有庆大霉素-德州红耦联物,分别于培养后3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、3 d.4 d和7 d收集标本,荧光染色后行激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察基底膜庆大霉素的分布情况.结果 小鼠耳蜗Corti器在培养3 h后即可见外毛细胞的纤毛和胞体两侧的胞膜有庆大霉素分布;随着培养时间的延长,庆大霉素在Corti器中的所有细胞均见分布,尤以外毛细胞明显,主要聚集在毛细胞顶端纤毛的下方;培养24 h后庆大霉素在外毛细胞的聚集达到最高峰,而在支持细胞未见明显的聚集;体外培养7 d后在毛细胞胞质中仍可见庆大霉素分布.结论 小鼠Corti器体外培养可用来动态检测庆大霉素在耳蜗细胞的吸收和聚集情况.