糖肾胶囊对代谢综合征大鼠模型的影响

目的:对照研究糖肾胶囊对代谢综合征大鼠模型的影响。方法:高脂饲料诱导代谢综合征模型,随机将大鼠分为正常对照组、代谢综合征组、文迪雅组、糖肾胶囊组;用正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹技术评价胰岛素抵抗,尾部加压法测量血压,称取体质量和右侧附睾旁脂肪组织湿质量,生化法检测血脂4项,放免法测空腹胰岛素。结果:糖肾胶囊组较代谢综合征组胰岛素敏感性指数(M值)明显升高,血清甘油三酯(TG)水平明显降低,体质量、内脏脂肪和血清胰岛素水平有降低趋势。结论:糖肾胶囊能改善代谢综合征大鼠模型的胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症,同时改善了大鼠脂质代谢。     

26万女性队列人群中乳腺癌与人工流产关系的研究（上海）

目的：评估人工流产（指手术流产）对乳腺癌危险性的可能影响。方法：研究在上海267040例妇女的一项乳房自我检查随机试验的队列人群中进行，由队列研究和巢式病例对照研究两部分组成。结果：依据基线调查表采集的资料分析，人工流产不增加乳腺癌危险性。调整潜在的混淆因素后，OR=1．06（95％CI：0．91～1．25）。人工流产次数增加无危险性趋势增加。从更详细的652例乳腺癌病例和694例对照资料分析，得出相似的结果。人工流产发生在首次生育后不增加危险性；少数妇女在首次生育前人工流产以及妊娠13周后人工流产，虽然被观察到危险性有增加，但无显著性统计学意义。结论：在中国，人工流产不是乳腺癌发生的重要原因。     

开设综合性生理学实验课的实践与体会

生理学探索性、综合性实验有利于提高学生的系统综合和创新能力，为此，根据实验室现有条件，我们对传统实验教学进行改革，设计成为探索性综合性实验并在七年制学生中开展。该实验既与课本知识紧密结合，又与临床密切相关。实践证明，该实验使学生系统性掌握生理学知识的同时为他们临床分析解决问题奠定了基础。     

止痛消痔膏治疗痔疮临床观察

目的：探讨止痛消痔膏对痔疮的临床治疗效果。方法：采用完全随机的方法,将110例受试对象分配到治疗组（60例）和对照组（50例）。治疗组采用止痛消痔膏,对照组采用马应龙痔疮膏。根据疗效标准判断疗效。结果：治疗组60例患者中,有效率为99.99%,对照组50例患者中,有效率达78%。结论：止痛消痔膏治疗湿热性痔病疗效肯定。     

复方土牛膝糖浆剂抗病毒作用的实验研究

目的:观察复方土牛膝糖浆剂在体外和动物模型上的抗病毒作用。方法:用细胞培养法,通过观察细胞病变评价复方土牛膝糖浆剂对常见的致上呼吸道感染的柯萨奇B族病毒4型(CoxB4)、副流感病毒(HVJ)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-Ⅰ)所致的细胞病变(CPE)的抑制作用;通过用流感病毒滴鼻感染小鼠来研究复方土牛膝糖浆剂对病毒感染小鼠所引起的死亡保护作用。结果:复方土牛膝糖浆在体外对CoxB4、RSV病毒的致细胞病变作用有明显抑制作用,其IC50分别为2.0、2.8μL糖浆/mL,TI分别为5.6和4,对HSV-1、副流感-1型病毒的致细胞病变有一定的抑制作用。其IC50分别为4.0、5.0μL糖浆/mL,TI分别为2.8和2.24。在小鼠感染病毒15天内,复方土牛膝糖浆5mL/(kg.d)剂量组动物的死亡率为55%;死亡保护率分别为38.39%,与感染对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),复方土牛膝糖浆10mL/(kg.d)、5mL/(kg.d)两个剂量组小鼠的存活天数较感染组明显延长,与对照组比较有显著性差异。生命延长率分别为17.67%和22.22%。结论:复方土牛膝糖浆剂无论在体内或是体外均有较明显的抗病毒作用。     

Remission following an elemental diet or prednisolone in Crohn's disease

The short- and long-term effects of an elemental diet in children with acute Crohn's disease were compared with those of prednisolone in historical controls. Clinical remission was induced in 25 of 30 and in 18 of 28 episodes treated for six weeks with an elemental diet and prednisolone. Patients with proximal disease had longer remission after treatment with an elemental diet (p < 0.05) than did patients with colonic disease after treatment with prednisolone (p < 0.01). Disease activity index score improved in both groups compared with the pretreatment scores (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in the elemental diet group was significantly better than in the prednisolone group (p < 0.001). Changes in linear growth were better after treatment with an elemental diet compared with steroids (p < 0.001). Serum albumin and haematocrit concentrations all improved significantly in the children treated with an elemental diet (p < 0.001) but not in those treated with steroids. Thus an elemental diet was better than prednisolone in proximal disease and confirmed improved growth and nutritional status.     

Alcohol consumption in a community sample of older people

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol use among community-living elderly Australians. METHODS: A survey was conducted of randomly selected non-institutionalised people aged 75 years and older living in the inner western suburbs of Sydney. Personal interviews by trained interviewers covered background demographic information and self-reported alcohol use. RESULTS: 72% of men and 54% of women drank alcohol. The median usual daily volume of ethanol consumed by drinkers was 10 grams for men and 1.3 grams for women. However 11% of male drinkers and 6% of female drinkers consumed at defined hazardous or harmful levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Although a sizeable majority of these older people were either non-drinkers or very light drinkers, a small but important proportion drank in the hazardous to harmful range. Despite increasing evidence of the health benefits of alcohol consumption it remains important to be alert for potentially harmful alcohol use among older people.     

Normal aging and executive functions in "old-old" community dwellers: poor performance is not an inevitable outcome

BACKGROUND: Studies on normal aging and cognitive functioning commonly describe early and more pronounced age-related changes in executive functions (EFs) compared to other cognitive abilities. Two of the three most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging (vascular dementia [VaD] and extrapyramidal [EP]-related dementia) show executive dysfunctions in their clinical presentation; and these cognitive deficits are not uncommon in the third one: Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Nine EF tests (yielding 12 measures) were administered to 123 randomly selected community dwellers, aged 81 years and over, with the view to determine the effect of age on performance. Markers of AD, VaD, and EP-related dementia, as well as sociodemographic and psychological variables, were selected and their contribution to EF performance was investigated. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the greatest contribution to EF scores from the markers of AD and estimated IQ but not from the markers of VaD and EP-related dementia or from age. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that chronological age acts as a proxy variable mediating the impact of other factors such as subclinical signs of neurodegenerative disorders and that it has little independent contribution to make. They also indicate the importance of cognitive abilities supported by posterior cortical circuits in EF problem resolution. This study demonstrates that cognitive decline is not an ineluctable process that is associated with "normal" aging but rather represents, in many cases, a byproduct of neurodegenerative disorders, albeit themselves highly age-related.     

层流洁净技术在烧伤治疗中的应用

目的 探索层流洁净技术治疗大面积烧伤的价值。方法 对室内空气及创面进行细菌培养；监测病房使用时间的细菌微粒数比较，各洁净级别杀菌率。不同级别地点细菌培养结果比较。结果 千级以上层流病房细菌培养为“0”，与普通病房对照有较大差别，患者死亡率明显降低，疗程缩短，医疗费用下降，手术植皮及其他伤口均达Ⅰ期愈合，无交叉感染。结论 层流洁净病房应用于烧伤治疗，疗效非常满意。     

息风化痰通腑汤合醒脑静注射液治疗急性脑出血疗效观察

目的观察息风化痰通腑汤合醒脑静治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法将53例中小量脑出血(≤30 ml)患者随机分成2组。治疗组29例在常规西医综合治疗基础上,加用息风化痰通腑汤合醒脑静注射液治疗;对照组24例仅采用常规西医综合治疗。2组均14日为1个疗程,判定疗效。结果:治疗组有效率93.1%,对照组83.3%,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),治疗组疗效显著优于对照组。2组治疗前后昏迷情况比较、血肿吸收情况及神经功能缺损积分对比,均有显著性差异(P<0.01),且治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论息风化痰通腑汤合醒脑静注射液治疗中小量急性脑出血,能提高治愈率,降低病死率,缩短治疗时间,提高生存质量,无明显毒副作用。