胰岛素泵在糖尿病急性并发症中的应用及护理

糖尿病酮症酸中毒是临床较常见的糖尿病急性并发症，如果诊治不及时可威胁病人的生命。糖尿病并发高渗综合征或酮症也是如此。目前用胰岛素持续静脉输注和多次皮下注射是常见的治疗方法，但胰岛素用量不易精确调控，血糖波动大，容易导致低血糖，也给病人带来不便和注射痛苦。胰岛素泵给药方式准确灵活、操作简单方便、使用安全，不仅可以迅速控制血糖，还可以显著改善胰岛β细胞功能，对病人生活和工作无影响。我科于2006年3月-2007年12月应用两种方法治疗糖尿病并发酮症或高渗综合征病人共66例，并进行临床效果比较，现报道如下。     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

瑞代不同输注方法对2型糖尿病并发脑血管意外患者短期血糖和营养的影响

目的 比较持续及分次鼻饲滴注瑞代对2型糖尿病并发脑血管意外患者血糖、营养状态和炎症反应的影响.方法 2型糖尿病并发脑血管意外患者随机分为持续滴注组和分次滴注组各30例.比较两组肠内营养治疗前后的血糖、营养指标和炎症指标的变化.结果 (1)输注瑞代后持续滴注组和分次滴注组血糖除空腹无显著性差异(P＞0.05),其他8个时间点均明显低于分次滴注组,统计学有显著性差异(P＜0.05);持续滴注组血糖变化差值(d,前后差值的平均值)明显小于分次滴注组(P＜0.05);(2)两组营养支持治疗前后血清总蛋白(TP)、ALB、TG、TC四个指标均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);(3)肠内营养治疗后hs- CRP持续滴注组显著低于分次滴注组(P＜0.01).结论 在短期内,持续滴注瑞代的肠内营养方法较分次滴注可减少血糖波动、改善炎症反应,又可保证患者营养,是一种有效的肠内营养给药方法.     

α酮酸联合限蛋白饮食对2型糖尿病肾病的影响

目的 评估限蛋白质摄入联合α酮酸治疗对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期2型糖尿病肾病在营养状况和胰岛素抵抗方面的影响.方法 选择住院治疗的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期2型糖尿病肾病患者66例,分为三组,分别予以普通饮食、单独低蛋白低磷饮食(A组)和低蛋白低磷饮食联合α酮酸-必需氨基酸制剂(B组)治疗12个月,定期测定患者的糖化血红蛋白、血脂、肾功能、血红蛋白、白蛋白、24 h尿白蛋白、肌酐清除率、空腹胰岛素及血糖,测量血压、体重指数、体脂百分比,三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围等.结果 三组病人体重指数(BMI)、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、上臂肌围(MAMC)、糖化血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、肾功能、血红蛋白、血脂治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).而24 h尿白蛋白A、B组治疗后均低于治疗前(P＜0.05),而且B组的24 h尿白蛋白的降低优于A组(P＜0.05).肌酐清除率(CCr)A、B组治疗后均高于治疗前(P＜0.05).治疗后B组的胰岛素抵抗指数、空腹胰岛素低于A组和对照组(P＜0.05).结论 低蛋白饮食联合α酮酸治疗可以显著减少Ⅲ、Ⅳ期2型糖尿病肾病病人24 h尿白蛋白排出量,增加肌酐清除率及其胰岛素敏感性,从而减缓肾病的进程,减少慢性肾功能衰竭的发生,而且可以防止糖尿病其他并发症的发展,对血糖、血脂等的控制均是有利的.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

甲状腺肿瘤患者中辅助性T细胞22及白细胞介素-22的变化及意义

目的 检测甲状腺肿瘤患者外周血及肿瘤组织中辅助性T细胞22 (Th22)及白细胞介素(IL)-22的表达水平,探讨其与患者临床病理特征的关系.方法 选择56例原发甲状腺肿瘤患者和30例健康志愿者,采用流式细胞仪检测外周血Th22细胞水平,酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-22表达水平,应用免疫组织化学双染色分析正常组织及肿瘤组织中Th22阳性细胞的浸润程度,分析这些参数与临床病理特征间的关系.结果 甲状腺肿瘤患者外周血中Th22细胞及IL-22水平分别为(1.74±0.27)％和(162.7±32.2) ng/L,显著高于对照组[(0.57±0.14)％,t=15.72,P＜0.01;(64.2 ±20.7) ng/L,t=11.31,P＜0.01];甲状腺癌患者的Th22细胞比例及IL-22水平明显高于甲状腺瘤患者[(2.21±0.34)％比(1.39±0.22)％,t=9.14,P＜0.01;(199.1±34.1)ng/L比(129.8±31.3) ng/L,t=6.79,P＜0.01].甲状腺肿瘤患者组织中Th22阳性细胞浸润率为56.25％,而对应正常组织为8.33％,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.167,P＜0.01);甲状腺癌组织中Th22细胞浸润率为78.6％,甲状腺瘤组织为38.9％,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.039,P＜0.05).外周血Th22细胞比例、IL-22的表达水平和肿瘤组织中Th22阳性细胞浸润程度与临床分期、淋巴结转明显相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、性别、病理类型无明显相关(P＞0.05).结论 甲状腺肿瘤患者外周血Th22细胞比例及血浆中IL-22水平显著升高,且与临床分期等病理特征明显相关,表明Th22细胞及IL-22参与甲状腺肿瘤的发生发展.     

凯时治疗糖尿病性周围神经病变50例疗效观察

目的 观察凯时注射液对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的治疗效果。方法 对50例确诊为DPN的患者予凯时注射液10μg/d(加入莫菲氏管内滴入)共2周。结果 注射2周后症状和体征即改善,改善率分别为95.0％(下肢自发痛),94.1％(上肢自发痛),90.5％(感觉减退),94.5％(麻木),77.7％(发冷),57.1％(发热);患者治疗前MCV和SCV均明显下降,以下肢更为显著,经治疗后有一定改善(P<0.05)。结论 凯时是治疗DPN的一种安全、有效的药物。     

超声与DSA对动脉粥样硬化致颈动脉狭窄的一致性研究

目的比较超声、数字减影血管造影(DSA)两种方法对动脉粥样硬化颅外段检出率的敏感性、特异性、准确性,并分析2型糖尿病患者超声下颈动脉颅外段与DSA下颅内动脉狭窄的一致性。方法对62例2型糖尿病患者行颈动脉超声、DSA下颈脑血管造影检查。结果62例246条颈动脉超声与DSA诊断相符合血管198条(80.5%),超声对正常颈动脉的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为87.9%、94.3%、90.6%;对狭窄血管分别为94.2%、88.0%、90.7%;对闭塞血管均为100%;颅内动脉狭窄发生率(4.41%)明显低于颈动脉颅外段(43.09%)。结论超声对评价颈动脉颅外段粥样硬化与DSA一致性较好,但对轻度和重度狭窄的漏诊率较高;对2型糖尿病患者超声下颈动脉颅外段狭窄与颅内动脉病变一致性差,不能以超声下颈动脉颅外段狭窄来预测颅内动脉狭窄的严重程度,必要时尚需行DSA检查。