综合医院内科与中医科门诊抑郁障碍患病率比较

目的调查沈阳市不同级别综合医院内科和中医科门诊病人抑郁障碍的患病率。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取沈阳市23家综合医院进行调查,共调查7448例年龄?15岁的内科和中医科门诊病人。调查员在门诊于病人就诊前使用扩展的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)为筛查工具,将病人分为精神疾病高、中、低危险组,然后由精神科医生使用DSM-Ⅳ定式临床检查(SCID-I/P)对高、中、低危险组100%、40%、10%的调查对象进行SCID诊断。结果沈阳市综合医院内科门诊任何抑郁障碍的总现患率为11.01%(95%CI10.05%-12.06%),中医科抑郁障碍患病率为16.22%(95%CI13.23%-19.87%),高于内科门诊抑郁障碍患病率,RR值为0.68。结论沈阳市综合医院中医科门诊抑郁障碍患病率高于内科门诊,应该更加关注中医科就诊患者的抑郁障碍问题。     

c-fos在CCK-8抗LPS所致的肺动脉平滑肌细胞损伤中的变化

目的:观察c-fos在八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)减轻脂多糖(LPS)所致的肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)损伤中的变化。方法:贴块法培养大鼠PASMC。应用电镜技术和生化方法,观察细胞形态和测定细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率;台盼蓝染色法记录PASMC蓝染率的变化;免疫细胞化学技术检测细胞内c-fos蛋白的表达情况。结果:CCK-8可减轻LPS引起的细胞超微结构损伤;CCK-8可降低LPS引起的细胞台盼蓝摄取率、MDA含量与LDH释放率的增高;LPS可轻微上调PASMC内c-fos蛋白表达,CCK-8可使该上调作用显著上升。结论:CCK-8可减轻LPS所致的PASMC损伤;CCK-8可能通过使c-fos蛋白表达上调来发挥其抗损伤作用。     

Cytomegalovirus detection by biotinylated DNA probes

Clinical specimens from 317 patients suspected of cytomeglovirus infection were examined by immunofluorescence (IF) using monoclonal antibodies and by a biotinylated DNA probe kit after cell culture isolation. Of the 317 samples, 68 were positive by culture isolation. Of these 67 were IF positive when the cytopathic effect (CPE) was 1⁺ or less, whereas 56 gave positive results with DNA probes when the CPE was 2⁺. A further 83 specimens were examined directly by immunoperoxidase histopathology (IHP), IF and the DNA probe kit: 26 of these were positive by IHP examination, 25 by IF and only 6 by DNA probes. The sensitivity of the DNA probe kit was not satisfactory when the clinical tissue specimens were directly examined. However, the sensitivity improved considerably to 82% if the specimens were propagated first in cell culture. The IF method detected the virus before and after cell culture isolation equally well (96%–98.5%). Compared to the IF method, the DNA probe kit is costly and requires more labor and time.This paper was presented in part at the 88th annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami Beach, FL, USA, 1988     

Cytochemical localization of 5'-nucleotidase activity in retinal photoreceptor cells

Further cytochemical studies on the ultrastructural localization of 5'-nucleotidase in the rat retina have revealed activity to be associated with the complex synapses formed by the rod spherules of the receptors and the bipolar and horizontal cell processes. Activity was also seen on the axolemma of receptor fibers. In the rod inner segment strong reaction product is located intracellularly. In the rod outer segment the enzyme appears to be located only on the cytoplasmic side of the disc membrane and not intradiscally . Retinal pigment cells are rich in 5'-nucleotidase. Their microvilli accompany the tips of the receptor cells and show enzyme activity in an ecto position. A role for 5'-nucleotidase is possible in the metabolism of guanylate and adenylate nucleotides both of which are important for visual transduction processes.     

卵巢切除对大鼠肾上腺雌激素受体亚型表达的影响

目的通过对去卵巢大鼠雌激素受体(ER)亚型在肾上腺表达的观察,研究去卵巢对大鼠肾上腺功能影响的机制。方法选择成年Wistar大鼠20只,10只为假手术组,10只为模型组(去卵巢组),6周后处死大鼠,分离摘取肾上腺,称重后常规石蜡包埋切片,分别进行ERα、ERβ抗体的免疫组织化学染色,并取动物血清测量雌二醇(E2)和促卵泡生成素(FSH)的含量。结果1.ERα与ERβ在大鼠肾上腺均有表达,主要分布在肾上腺皮质部,以球状带和束状带为主,网状带有少量分布,ERβ的表达强于ERα。2.ERβ在大鼠模型组的表达强于假手术组,有统计学意义,ERα在模型组的表达略强于假手术组,但无统计学意义。3.卵巢切除后,大鼠血清FSH升高,E2下降,与假手术组相比,有显著差异。结论卵巢切除可影响雌激素受体在大鼠肾上腺的表达,尤其是对ERβ表达的影响较为显著。卵巢切除能够减少大鼠血清雌激素的分泌,使垂体反馈性的增加FSH的分泌。     

Expression and carbonylation of creatine kinase in the quadriceps femoris muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Oxidative protein modification involving carbonylation has recently been identified as an important factor in skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the exact identity of modified proteins inside limb muscles of patients with COPD remains unknown. We used 2D electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry to identify carbonylated proteins in the vastus lateralis muscle of 12 patients with COPD and 6 control subjects. Both creatine kinase (CK) and carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) were identified as being strongly carbonylated in this muscle in both groups of subjects. Total CK activity, CK protein expression, and the intensity of CK carbonylation were significantly greater in the muscles of patients with COPD as compared with control subjects, whereas CAIII protein expression and intensity of carbonylation were similar in the two groups. In patients with COPD, CK activity and protein expression correlated positively with FEV(1) and V O(2)max, whereas the intensity of CK carbonylation correlated negatively with the same parameters. These results indicate that oxygen radicals selectively target CK and CAIII inside limb muscles of humans. The observation that the intensity of CK carbonylation correlates negatively with CK activity in limb muscles of patients with COPD suggests that carbonylation may have a deleterious effect on CK activity, and may contribute to impaired CK function in the limb muscles of these patients.     

The structuring of an allergy index based on IgE-mediated skin sensitivity to common environmental allergens

We computed skin-test sensitivity levels in 485 adults puncture-tested with eight standardized, high-quality inhalant allergens tested at single concentrations. In order to quantitate the "average" IgE-mediated skin sensitivity of each subject, we used both nonparametric and parametric statistical methods to generate two "allergy indices" (Allergy Index I and Allergy Index II) based on sensitivity end-point data from the subpopulations of individuals positive to six of the eight allergens. For the 192 skin test-positive subjects, Allergy Index I and Allergy Index II were significantly correlated with each other (rs = 0.98, p less than 0.001) and with the number of positive skin-test reactions (rs congruent to 0.9, p less than 0.001) as well as with log[total serum IgE] (r congruent to 0.4, p less than 0.01). In 102 ragweed-positive subjects, log[specific IgE to ragweed] was significantly correlated with ragweed-specific "ragweed indices I and II" (r congruent to 0.6, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the average daily symptom scores reported by 14 ragweed-positive subjects during the ragweed pollination season were significantly correlated with ragweed indices I and II (p less than 0.05). We propose the use of Allergy Index II in epidemiologic and genetic studies of allergic phenotypes as well as in clinical decisions for diagnosis and immunotherapeutic intervention.     

2-Mercapto-ethanol enhancement of agglutination reaction--a possible in vitro serological correlate for assessment of functional immunity in simian malaria

Conventional indirect haemagglutination test was performed in rhesus monkey sera (collected from Plasmodium knowlesi infected animals) with and without prior treatment of sera with 2-mercapto-ethanol (2-ME). Surprisingly, many sera samples showed significant enhancement of final titre with 2-ME. The 2-ME enhancement effect was more pronounced in the sera of hyperimmune monkeys on further injection of antigen or parasites. It was also noticeable in the sera during primary drug-suppressed P. knowlesi infection and appeared to have a bearing on the immune status of the animals to rechallenge. The use of a soluble antigen prepared from P. knowlesi infected erythrocytes was found to be essential in IHA test to demonstrate the 2-ME enhancement effect. Antigen prepared from freed parasites (commonly used) failed to show a similar effect in IHA. The possible role of certain T-lymphocyte products - antigen binding, non-agglutinating, 2-ME sensitive molecules - in malarial immunology has been proposed.     

Opsonizing antibodies (IgG1) up-regulate monocyte proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 but not anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mycobacterial antigen-stimulated monocytes-implications for pathogenesis

Cachexia is one of the prominent features of advanced tuberculosis (TB) seen in association with increased expression of the monokine TNF-alpha. Several mycobacterial proteins, including PPD, stimulate TNF-alpha secretion from monocytes. Host factors that may play a role in cytokine expression from monocytes remain largely unknown. One such factor is the opsonizing antibodies. Monocytes have high-affinity receptors (FcgammaI and FcgammaIII) for IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies that mediate antigen uptake. We have reported selective up-regulation of IgG1 (which bind to Fcgamma receptors) in advanced TB and have recently shown the ability of PPD-specific IgG1 antibodies to augment TNF-alpha expression in PPD-stimulated monocytes. These observations have now been extended to other cytokines with semipurified fractions from secreted antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (containing 30 kD and 58 kD) that were devoid of lipids, glycolipids and carbohydrates. In the presence of heat-inactivated TB plasma containing known amounts of antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies, these fractions induced significantly increased TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 secretion. Absorption of IgG1 with Protein 'A' removed the augmenting activity for TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from the TB plasma samples. In the case of IL-10, removal of IgG1 resulted in increased rather than decreased IL-10 secretion. These results suggest a possible pathogenic role for antibodies in TB by enhancing proinflammatory and blocking down-regulatory cytokines such as IL-10 cytokines during the chronic phase of TB.     

血管内皮生长因子受体-1促进肝癌细胞侵袭和转移的初步研究

目的 检测不同转移潜能的肝癌细胞中有无血管内皮生长因子受体-1(VEGFR-1)及其配体(VEGF)的表达以探讨VEGFR-1在肝癌侵袭转移中的作用.方法 分别用RT-PCR、ELISA和/或Western blot法检测四种肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H、MHCC97-L、SMMC 7721和HepG 2有无VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白表达,用VEGFR-1的特异性配体VEGF-B处理MHCC97-H细胞以研究VEGFR-1活化对肝癌细胞迁移、侵袭和增殖等的影响.结果 MHCC97-H、MHCC97-L和SMMC 7721有VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白表达,但4种肝癌细胞都有VEGFR-1的配体VEGF-A和VEGF-B的表达;VEGFR-1活化能促进肝癌细胞MHCC97-H侵袭和迁移;VEGFR-1依赖的侵袭和迁移能被VEGFR-1的中和抗体18F1阻断,VEGFR-1活化不能促进细胞增殖和存活.结论 VEGFR-1及其配体的表达与肝癌细胞的侵袭转移有关,肝癌中的VEGF过表达可以自分泌的方式激活表达VEGFR-1的肝癌细胞,VEGFR-1及其配体可能是防治原发性肝癌侵袭转移的新靶点.