The prognostic role of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis

It has been suggested that tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of TILs is inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of TILs in OSCC. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2019, and 33 studies were ultimately included in this meta‐analysis. Our pooled meta‐analysis showed that high infiltration of CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs and CD57⁺ TILs favoured better overall survival (OS). However, high infiltration of CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. These findings suggest that CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs, CD57⁺ TILs, CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages might serve as novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in OSCC.     

经典名方中莪术 郁金 姜黄 片姜黄的本草考证

莪术、郁金、姜黄、片姜黄4种药材功效相近,基原有交叉,药材名与植物名又有所重叠,因此关系比较混乱。现从释名、基原、产地、药用部位、采收加工及炮制等方面对以上4味药材进行本草考证,为含这类药材的不同历史时期经典名方开发提供参考。经考证可知姜黄、郁金、莪术均从唐代开始入药,唐宋时期同时以原植物性状和药材颜色两种标准划分姜黄属药材,以致明末以前一直以Curcuma longa的根茎为郁金,C.wenyujin或C.aromatica的根茎夹杂老姜Zingiber officinale为药材姜黄,药材莪术主流基原则为蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis、广西莪术C.kwangsiensis、温郁金C.wenyujin的根茎。明清两代转用药材产地及性状来鉴别药材,又因战乱等因素导致交通不便,姜黄和郁金的基原及药用部位发生改变。药材郁金自清起基原转为蓬莪术C.phaeocaulis、广西莪术C.kwangsiensis、温郁金C.wenyujin和姜黄C.longa的块根。药材姜黄清代以后基原转为姜黄C.longa根茎。片姜黄或称片子姜黄,始载于《本草纲目》,基原为温郁金C.wenyujin等的根茎纵切片。药材郁金历代以川产为道地,清代扩大药源更改后逐步发展成川、广(桂)、温三大道地产区;姜黄主生江南,广南诸州及西番亦有,清代基原改变后,也以川产为佳;莪术在两广、江南、蜀川均有分布,历代温州为主流,后发展成著名的道地药材温莪术。经考证得知,民国以前本草郁金、姜黄两味药材未提及过需要蒸煮至透心,仅药材莪术需蒸熟使呈色黑而入血分。但解放后的著作及文献却明确指出3种姜黄属药材均需蒸煮,可能是为了便于干燥,以及经过高温蒸煮后不易蛀虫出发,然与古代有所出入。四味药材多生用,郁金、莪术可醋制以增强疗效。     

骨形成蛋白2基因修饰的老年大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力的研究

目的观察年龄因素对骨髓间充质干细胞(marrow mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)成骨分化能力的影响;了解基因治疗对老年大鼠MSCs成骨分化能力的影响. 方法 1月龄(幼年组)、9月龄(成年组)及24月龄(老年组)雄性Wistar大鼠各6只,取MSCs经体外分离、培养及携带骨形成蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein 2,BMP-2)基因的腺病毒载体(Ad-BMP-2)转染后,定量检测BMP-2、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphate,ALP)表达,以及成骨细胞标志性蛋白:Ⅰ型胶原、骨涎蛋白(bone sialoprotein,BSP)和骨桥素(osteopontin, OPN)的表达.将转染的各组MSCs分别与磷酸三钙(tricalcium phosphate, TCP)复合后植入裸鼠体内,3周后取材,比较各组诱导异位成骨能力. 结果 ELISA检测表明BMP-2基因修饰的MSCs可以有效表达BMP-2,且表达量在各年龄组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组ALP于诱导后第9天达高峰,但组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);诱导后第7天,RT-PCR半定量检测示各组均有成骨细胞特征性蛋白,即:Ⅰ型胶原、OPN及BSP的明显表达,表达量在各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);BMP-2基因转染的MSCs与TCP复合后可诱导裸鼠体内异位成骨,各组成骨量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 BMP-2基因修饰的老年大鼠MSCs可以恢复成骨分化能力,基因治疗可能为老年性骨骼疾病提供一种新的治疗途径.     

80岁以上高龄患者急性脑梗塞的临床特点分析

目的:探讨超过80岁的高龄急性脑梗塞患者的临床特点。方法:58例高龄(均≥80岁)急性脑梗塞患者,大多数行头颅MRI平扫加弥散加权成像(DWl),少数行CT检查。依影像学结果按梗塞病灶的大小分为两组:大面积梗塞(直径>1.5cm)及小面积梗塞(直径≤1.5cm,主要为腔隙性梗塞)组。回顾比较两组间发病特点;糖尿病、高血压、颈动脉硬化、冠心病、房颤的发生率;治疗方法、平均住院时间、30天病死率、日常生活活动能力(ADL)等临床指标。结果:大面积梗塞组占16例(27.6%),小面积梗塞组占42例(72.4%)。首发症状中大面积梗塞组以意识障碍(87.5%vs23.8%;P=0.018)、严重偏瘫(93.8%vs28.6%;P=0.012)、头痛(43.8%vs14.3%;P=0.026)、言语障碍等症状为主,小面积梗塞以以肢体无力、行走不稳(64.3%vs6.3%;P=0.001)、头昏、眩晕(52.4%vs25.0%;P=0.028)、言语不清、感觉障碍等症状为主。大面积梗塞组房颤高发(43,8%vs14.3%;P=0.030),小面积梗塞组高血压(88.1%vs56.3%;P=0.041)、糖尿病(54.8%vs18.8%;P=0.021)高发。在大面积梗塞组急性期用低分子肝素抗凝较多(75.0%vs40,5%;P=0.035),两组均以口服抗血小板药物为主。大面积梗塞组的并发症较多,平均住院日为小面积梗塞组的近二倍,死亡率较后者明显增高(25.0%vs4.8%;P=0.035)。结论:高龄急性脑梗塞患者以较小面积的腔隙性脑梗塞多见。小面积梗塞组高血压、糖尿病的发生较高。大面积梗塞组房颤的发生较高,有较高的死亡率,预后较差,需要更积极的综合诊治管理。常规尽早行头颅MRI加DWI有助于急性脑梗塞的早期诊断治疗。     

肾移植术后严重肺部感染患者血液滤过的护理

对10例肾移植术后合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的严重肺部感染患者实行连续性高容量血液滤过(CHVHF)治疗.结果4例痊愈出院,6例存活时间超过15 d(15 d后5例死亡,1例放弃治疗);CHVHF治疗过程中,患者血压、心率平稳,APACHEⅡ评分48 h后显著改善(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).提示肾移植术后合并ARDS的严重肺部感染患者应用CHVHF治疗是一种安全有效的方法,加强护理评估与监测,保持体外循环通畅,做好心理护理是使治疗顺利进行,取得满意疗效的重要保障.     

渐进性活动训练预防膀胱全切、尿流改道术后患者小肠梗阻的对照研究

目的研究渐进性活动训练对膀胱全切、尿流改道术后患者肠功能恢复的影响.方法2003年1月～2005年8月,将138例行膀胱全切、尿流改道术的患者随机分为2组,训练组在常规护理方法的基础上,同时实施渐进性活动训练,对照组采取常规护理方法.结果2组患者小肠梗阻的发生比较,差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论渐进性活动训练可降低膀胱全切、尿流改道术后患者小肠梗阻的发生.     

Prognostic factors for surgical resection in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Although surgical lung resection could improve prognosis in some patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), there are no reports on the optimal candidates for this surgery. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the prognostic factors for surgery in patients with MDR-TB. Patients who underwent lung resection for the treatment of MDR-TB between March 1993 and December 2004 were included in the present study. Treatment failure was defined as greater than or equal to two of the five cultures recorded in the final 12 months of treatment being positive, any one of the final three cultures being positive, or the patient having died during treatment. The variables that affected treatment outcomes were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. In total, 79 patients with MDR-TB were included in the present study. The treatment outcomes of 22 (27.8%) patients were classified as failure. A body mass index <18.5 kg x m(-2), primary resistance, resistance to ofloxacin and the presence of a cavitary lesion beyond the range of the surgical resection were associated with treatment failure. Low body mass index, primary resistance, resistance to ofloxacin and cavitary lesions beyond the range of resection are possible poor prognostic factors for surgical lung resection in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients.     

Neprilysin基因在大鼠体外培养骨髓基质细胞中的表达

目的探讨人Neprilysin基因在小鼠MSCs中的表达情况。方法分离培养小鼠MSCs，采用分子克隆技术构建Neprilysin—pEGFP重组质粒，将此Neprilysin—pEGFP重组质粒用脂质体转染进MSCs中，在荧光倒置显微镜下观察该基因在MSCs中的表达效率。结果经酶切鉴定得到系列正确的重组Neprilysin—pEGFP。Neprilysin可在MSCs中表达且通过脂质体传染的效率是20％。结论获得了表达Neprilysin基因的骨髓基质细胞，为进一步探讨将该细胞用于阿尔茨海默病基因治疗的可能性研究提供了技术基础。     

腹腔脓肿早期超声引导下穿刺抽脓疗效观察

腹腔脓肿是腹部手术后较常见的合并症,常发生在膈下、肠间以及盆腔,给病人带来极大的痛苦。非手术治疗的病程较长,费用昂贵,并有脓肿破裂的可能,形成腹膜炎,甚至危及患者的生命;而腹腔脓肿的手术适应证及时机又较难掌握,且手术风险性高。我院自2000年来采用B型超声引导经皮腹腔穿刺引流的方法治疗了部分病例,并与手术引流治疗的效果进行比较,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料将入选患者46例依据随机数字表随机分为手术组与穿刺组,每组23例。穿刺组男12例,女11例;平均年龄31.5岁;急性化脓性(坏疽性)阑尾炎8例,上消化道溃疡穿孔4例,腹部穿透…     

代孕技术中的伦理道德及法律问题

新近发展的代孕技术给众多不孕夫妇带来为人父母的喜悦之时,也对人们传统的生殖伦理观念形成冲击并挑战现存法律制度.人们不仅要肯定代孕技术的合理性,也要警惕其所产生的潜在的破坏性影响.合理利用该技术和制定相应的法规是避免出现伦理和社会混乱的有效途径.