心房颤动对不同心功能分级的患者血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

Objective To assess the effect of atrial fibriUation (AF) on plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with different cardiac functions. Methods One hundred and ninty-one patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were divided into two groups: minor CHF group (NYHA Ⅰ/Ⅱ class) and sever CHF group (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class). In addition,84 patients without HF (non-HF group) were enrolled as control The plas-ma NT-proBNP were assayed and the effect of AF on the NT-proBNP levels was analyzed to determine inde-pendent of NT-proBNP levels in 3 groups. Results Patients with AF in non-HF had higher NT-proBNP levels than those with sinus rhythm (SR) [(2.95 ±0.41) vs (2.21±0.44) ng/L, P < 0.01], and multi-variables regression demonstrated that age, AF and left atrial diameter (LAD) were independent determinants of NT-proBNP levels (P <0.001). NT-proBNP levels in minor CHF were also higher in patients with AF than that in patients with SR [(3.26±0.40) ng/L vs (2.98±0.54) ng/L, P < 0.05] ; AF, LAD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left vontric-ular eject fraction (LVEF) were the independent factors of NT-proBNP levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference of NT-proBNP levels between patients with AF and patients with SR [(3.59±0.52) ng/L vs (3.56±0.55) ng/L,P =0.73] ; while age and LVEF were in-dependent factors (P < 0.05). In patients with LVEF < 0.40, AF had not significant affect on NT-proBNP lev-els [AF vs SR: (3.70±0.60) ng/L vs (3.46±0.56) ng/L,P >0.10]; however,AF patients with LVEF≥ 0.40, NT-proBNP levels were increased [AF vs SR: (3.08 ±0.57) ng/L vs (2.67±0.73) ng/L, P < 0.001]. Conclusion The effect of AF on plasma NT-proBNP was related with cardiac functions: in AF pa-tients without or with minor cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅰ /Ⅱ class or LVEF≥0.40) ,NT-proBNP increased; in AF patients with sever cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class or LVEF < 0.40), NT-proBNP had no sig-nificant changes.     

右室流出道与右室心尖部起搏对心脏收缩功能和左室重构的影响

目的评价右室流出道(RVOT)和右室心尖部(RVA)起搏对心脏收缩同步性、收缩功能和左室重构的影响。方法82例高度或III度房室传导阻滞患者随机分为RVOT起搏组(A组,n=43)和RVA起搏组(B组,n=39),以术前左室12节段达峰时间标准差(Ts-SD)是否>32.6ms对两组患者进行亚组分组,Ts-SD>32.6ms者为A1亚组与B1亚组,Ts-SD≤32.6ms为A2亚组与B2亚组。于术前及术后6个月分别进行超声心动图检查,测量舒张末左室容积(LVEDV)、收缩末左室容积(LVESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF),并采集组织多普勒图像(TDI)进行脱机分析,测量主动脉瓣射血前时间(APET)、肺动脉瓣射血前时间(PPET)、左室12节段收缩达峰时间(Ts),计算室间电机械延迟(IVMD)和Ts-SD。结果术后6个月,两组的IVMD均较术前增加;两组Ts-SD与术前比无差异。亚组分析表明术前同步性好的A2、B2亚组术后Ts-SD升高;术前同步性差的A1亚组术后Ts-SD降低。术后6个月两组LVEDV、LVESV及LVEF与术前比较均无差异,组间比较亦无差异。结论RVOT和RVA起搏短期内对左室收缩功能及左室重构均无影响,术前收缩不同步者可从RVOT起搏中获益。     

国人肥厚型心肌病患者肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因Gly507 Arg和Pro1208fs突变的不同临床表型

目的 研究中国人肥厚型心肌病的致病基因,阐述基因型-表型的关系.方法 对21例无血缘关系的肥厚型心肌病先证者进行心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因(cMYBPC3)突变筛查,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增其功能Ⅸ的外显子片段,双脱氧末端终止法测序.家系资料调查包括临床表现、体格检查、心脏超声和心电图.结果 在2例先证者中发现基因突变.其中H12为家族性肥厚型心肌病的先证者,为cMYBPC3基因第32号外显子Pro1208fs突变,即在人类基因组第21078处发生了碱基C的缺失.H19为散发肥厚型心肌病患者,在cMYBPC3基因第17号外显子发现Gly507Arg突变,即在人类基因组第10 966处发生了碱基G→A互换,使甘氨酸变为精氨酸.H12发病年龄较晚,临床表现轻微.H19为24岁青年男性,超声心动图示肥厚累及部位广泛,室壁较厚,舒张功能减退明显,左心房明显增大.80例正常对照未发现异常.结论 cMYBPC3基因Gly507Arg和Pro1208fs突变可能致国人肥厚型心肌病.     

实时三维超声心动图评价肺动脉高压患者右心室整体和节段收缩功能

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional,RT-3DE)探讨肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)患者右心室整体和节段收缩功能的特征。方法 入选PH患者30例和健康对照者27例,采集心尖四腔观以右心室为主的全容积图像,使用TomTec软件定量分析获得右心室整体和流入道部、体部、流出道部3个节段的舒张末容积(EDV)、收缩末容积(ESV)、每博输出量(SV)和射血分数(EF),分析三维超声参数的组间差异及其与常规超声心动图参数的相关性。结果 PH组右心室整体及各节段局部EDV和ESV较正常对照组升高（均P＜0.05）,右心室整体和节段EF较正常对照组降低(均P ＜0.05)。右心室流入道节段EDV、SV及EF显著高于流出道和体部（均P＜0.05),右心室整体EF低于流入道节段而高于流出道和体部（均P ＜0.05)。PH组右心室整体和流入道节段EF与肺动脉收缩压及三尖瓣反流最大速度与肺动脉口血流时间速度积分比值呈显著负性相关（r= -0.611、-0.576,P＜0.001、P=0.001及r=-0.772、-0.721,P=0.002、P＜0.001）。结论PH患者右心室容积增大,右心室整体和节段收缩功能减退,右心室整体和节段收缩功能受损的程度与右心室后负荷增高程度密切相关。     

实时三维超声和斑点追踪显像预测心脏再同步化治疗疗效的实验和临床研究

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)和斑点追踪显像(STI)评价左心室同步性,以探索检测心脏再同步化治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT)疗效的有效方法。方法 动物实验对象为21条比格犬,随机分为A组(CRT组,10条),B组（心衰组,7条）和C组（对照组,4条）三组,临床研究对象为70例完成CRT术前及术后6个月随访的患者。以左室收缩末容积(LVESV)缩小15％为CRT治疗有效。评价同步性的超声参数包括RT-3DE评价左室16节段达最小收缩容积时间的标准差及其与心动周期的比值(Tmsv-16SD,SDI),STI评价犬左室乳头肌水平6节段QRS波起点至径向应变和圆周应变达峰时间的标准差与心动周期的比值(Trs-6SD、Tcs-6SD)。结果 动物实验的Tmsv-16SD、Trs-6SD、Tcs-6SD与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关（r分别为-0.86、-0.75、-0.83,P均＜0.01）,Trs-6SD对CRT疗效最有预测价值,当Trs-6SD≥12.2％时,预测CRT有效的敏感性和特异性分别为83.3％和100％。临床研究显示,SDI最有预测价值,当其临界值为6.55％时,预测CRT有效的敏感性为80.0％,特异性为81.8％。结论 RT-3DE和STI能有效评价左室内不同步,有望成为预测CRT疗效的有效方法。     

实时三维超声心动图评价左室心肌致密化不全患者左心室收缩同步性的应用价值

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图时间-位移参数及17节段时间-容积曲线参数指标在评价左室心肌致密化不全中的应用价值.方法 对10例左室心肌致密化患者(经磁共振证实)、20例正常者(对照组)行实时三维超声心动图检查.结果 左室心肌致密化不全组的17节段时间-容积曲线参数指标:左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的标准差(Tmsv 16-SD,Tmsv 12-SD,Tmsv 6-SD),左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的最大差值(Tmsv 16-Dif,Tmsv 12-Dif,Tmsv 6-Dif)以及左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的标准差的校正值(Tmsv 16-SD%,Tmsv 12-SD%,Tmsv 6-SD%),左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积的时间最大差值的校正值(Tmsv 16-Dif%,Tmsv 12-Dif%,Tmsv 6-Dif%)较正常组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),左室心肌致密化不全组的时间-位移参数中位移平均值、最小值低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 实时三维超声心动图时间-位移参数显像及17节段时间-容积曲线参数指标能快速准确评价左室心肌致密化不全患者心肌节段功能及收缩同步性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) timing-excursion parametric index and 17 segment time-volume curves index in patients with leftventricular noncompaction(LVNC). Methods Ten patients with LVNC (proven by MRI) ,twenty subjects with normal LV function were examined by Philips iE33 with X3-1 probe. Results Parameter index (including Tmsv 16-SD,Tmsv 12-SD,Tmsv 6-SD,Tmsv 16-Dif,Tmsv 12-Dif,Tmsv 6-Dif,Tmsv 16-SD%,Tmsv 12-SD%, Tmsv 6-SD%, Tmsv 16-Dif%, Tmsv 12-Dif%, Tmsv 6-Dif%) of 17 segment time to minimal systolic volume was significantly higher in patients with LVNC than that in subjects with normal LV function( all P＜0.05). Average and minimum value of excursion was significantly lower in patients with LVNC than that in subjects with normal LV function ( P＜0.05). Conclusions RT-3DE with timeexcursion parameters and 17 segment of time- volume curve parameters can rapidly and accurately evaluate left ventricular systolic synchrony in patients with LVNC.     

斑点追踪显像技术评价心肌扭转与心肌梗死范围相关性的实验研究

目的 应用斑点追踪显像技术评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注前、后左室心肌扭转,借以比较多个常规扭转指标与梗死范围的相关性,找出最能反映梗死范围的扭转指标.方法 小型猪15只,结扎左前降支120 min,分别检测结扎前、结扎后120 min、解除结扎后30 min、60 min、90 min、12 h各时间点常规超声指标以及扭转数据并进行比较.氯化硝基四氮唑蓝染色后计算心肌梗死范围.结果 AMI后心尖及左室各旋转/扭转角度指标均显著下降,再灌注12 h无明显改善.AMI即刻,左室整体扭转角度峰值及心尖整体旋转角度峰值与梗死范围的相关性明显优于同期其他扭转指标,相关系数分别为-0.81和-0.69(P均＜0.01);再灌注12 h相关性依然较好.结论 在AMI即刻及再灌注12 h内,左室整体扭转角度峰值及心尖整体旋转角度峰值是反映心肌梗死范围最敏感的扭转指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the most sensitive markers of left ventricular(LV) torsion which can reflect infarct size by assessing the relationship between routine markers of LV torsion and infarct size using speckle tracking imaging (STI).Methods Fifteen open-chest pigs underwent 120 minutes of left anterior descending (LAD) ligation followed by 12 hours of reperfusion.Rotation and torsion of LV were obtained by STI before LAD occlusion,LAD occlusion immediately,and 30,60,90 minutes and 12 hours after reperfusion.Infarct size was measured by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride staining.Results LAD ligation resulted in a dramatic decrease in both subepicardial and subendocardial peak apical rotation or peak LV torsion.Twelve hours after reperfusion,all of the peak rotation and torsion remained significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01 versus AMI).At AMI,peak bulk LV torsion and peak bulk apical rotation inversely correlated with infarct size (r = - 0.81,P ＜0.01; r = - 0.69,P ＜0.01).There existed the good relationship at 12-hour follow-up after reperfusion.The relationship was superior to that of other torsion markers.Conclusions Peak bulk LV torsion and peak bulk apical rotation are the most sensitive markers of LV torsion which can reflect infarct size.     

超声心动图和多平面经食管体元模型三维重建超声显像在经导管房间隔缺损闭

目的 评价超声心动图和体元模型三维重建超声显像在经右心导管修补房间隔缺损中的价值。方法 ３０例继发孔型房间隔缺损患者,行经胸和（或）经食管超声心动图以及三维重建超声显像定量房间隔缺损的大小和形态,与经导管球囊注水测值相比较,并在超声心动图监测下行经右心导管修补术。结果 ２３例获得成功。经食管超声测定房间隔缺损大小的准确性较经胸超声显著提高,二者与球囊注水测值的相关性分别为ｒ＝０．９１和ｒ＝０．８５。１８例患者分别从右房和左房两个方向观察缺损的三维形态,１６例为椭圆形,２例近似圆形,其面积和缺损的最大径与注水球囊高度相关（面积ｒ＝０．９２～０．９３,Ｐ〈０．０１～０．００１;最大径ｒ＝０．８８,Ｐ〈０．０１）。２例缺损的最大径大于球囊测值。超声在术中监测闭合器与房间隔平面的位置是保证手术成功的关键之一。结论 超声     

经食管超声心动图引导微创封堵缺乏边缘的房间隔缺损的应用价值

目的 评价经食管超声心动图(TEE)在微刨术中引导封堵缺乏边缘的房间隔缺损的应用价值.方法 经胸超声心动图检查诊断为房间隔缺损患者23例,拟行微创非体外循环下封堵治疗.术前行TEE检查,明确房间隔缺损的位置、类型、大小及边缘情况,用以确定选择合适的封堵器,术中TEE引导封堵器放置.评价即刻效果,术后1周内复查经胸超声心动图检查.结果 23例患者封堵成功,TEE显示20例无残余分流,3例少量残余分流;但术后1周经胸超声心动图随访,均见封堵器位置正常,无残余分流,且右房右室较术前缩小(P<0.05),肺动脉压力下降(P<0.05).结论 TEE在微创术中引导缺乏边缘的房间隔缺损封堵中起着主导作用.     

经食管二维及三维超声心动图在Lux-Valve Plus经血管三尖瓣置换术中的应用：1例报告

重度三尖瓣反流（tricuspid regurgitation,TR）是一种常见的心脏瓣膜病,死亡率高,指南推荐外科手术高风险患者可考虑介入治疗。现有经血管三尖瓣置换术（transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement,TTVR）器械均处于临床研究阶段,超声心动图在术前筛查、术中影像支持、术后即刻评估及随访方面发挥重要作用。本文报道1例外科手术高危的极重度TR患者,行经颈静脉三尖瓣置换术后临床症状改善,并结合文献分析二维及三维经食管超声心动图（transesophageal echocardiography,TEE）在围手术期的注意事项,以期为临床实践提供参考。