肾盏憩室误诊为肾囊肿导致术后漏尿的防治探讨（附8例报道）

目的探讨肾盏憩室去顶术后漏尿的治疗方法及预防措施。方法选择2003年至2013年我院收治的8例术后漏尿的患者,术前均误诊为肾囊肿,术后证实为肾盏憩室。在逆行插入D-J管的基础上,1例漏尿自然愈合;7例行手术治疗,其中1例采取微创顺行切开扩大憩室颈的方法,4例行开放手术,2例行腹腔镜手术,术中缝合憩室颈开口,灼烧憩室腔黏膜。结果所有患者漏尿均愈合,患者无发热,无腰痛,B超显示患肾周围无积液,其中6例憩室完全消失,2例可见憩室较术前明显减小。结论肾盏憩室行去顶减压后出现的漏尿不易自行愈合,应采用手术治疗,预后较好。而术前正确诊断肾盏憩室是减少术后漏尿的关键。     

孤立性肾脏浆细胞瘤一例报告并文献复习

目的 总结孤立性肾脏浆细胞瘤的临床表现、病理特点和诊治方法.方法 总结1例行右肾根治性切除术的孤立性肾脏浆细胞瘤患者临床资料,并进行文献复习.结果 病理检查:肿瘤大小3.6 cm×3.9 cm.病变符合浆细胞瘤伴坏死,累及肾被膜,未侵及肾盂,输尿管及血管断端未见病变.镜下可见肿瘤细胞形态与浆细胞相似,胞质丰富,胞核多为...     

肾上腺组合性嗜铬细胞瘤四例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and management principles of com-posite pheochromoeytoma of adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma). Methods Four cases of composite tumor of adrenal gland diagnosed pathologically were reviewed. All the cases were male, aged 37 to 62 years;three of them had the history of hypertension, one of them accompanied with paroxysmal palpitation, while one case was asymptomatic. Computerized tomography and ultra-sonography showed single tumor in adrenal, the diameter was about 2.5、3.8、6.3、15cm respectively. Two cases showed positive results in 131Ⅰ-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. One case showed positive result in 99Tcm-hydrazinonicotinamide-3trysinoctreotide (HTOC) scintigraphy. Twenty-four hours urinary catecholamine examination revealed the average of norepinephrine, epi-nephrine and dopamine were (196.1±92.2)nmol/24 h, (26.6±8.9)nmol/24 h, (1957.9±913.5) nmol/24 h respectively. Two cases were at a little elevated level and the others with normal. All cases were managed with α-adrenergic receptor blocker preoperatively for 2-4 weeks. Results Tumor re-section was performed in all 4 cases, and 3 cases by retroperitoneal laparoscopy, one by open surgery. All 4 cases were diagnosed as composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal (Pheochromocytoma-gangli-oneuroma) by pathology. All patients had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during follow-up from 15 to 38 months. Two of three cases with hypertension reverted to normotensive. Conclusions Composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal is rare, difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. Except mild in eatecholamine secretion, which clinical manifestations are similar to pheochromocytoma. Pheochro-mocytoma-ganglioneuroma is no apparent tendency for aggressive behaviors, the results of surgical management are favorable.     

采用肌卫星细胞及异种无细胞基质构建组织工程膀胱的研究

目的探讨应用组织工程膀胱进行膀胱替代修复的可行性。方法采用自体肌卫星细胞（MDSC）和猪膀胱无细胞基质（PBAM）构建兔组织工程膀胱。应用Percoll非连续密度梯度离心法分离纯化培养兔MDSCs，采用去污剂洗涤法对新鲜猪膀胱进行脱细胞处理获得PBAM。MDSCs接种于PBAM表面并进行短暂体外培养，获得组织工程膀胱。雄性新西兰兔行膀胱大部分切除术，分别采用PBAM及构建的组织工程膀胱进行替代修补，每组6只，1、4、8、12周后进行膀胱造影并取材观察修复组织再生情况。结果非连续密度梯度离心法所得细胞纯度〉90％。酶消化法能有效去除膀胱中细胞成分，光镜及电镜观察无细胞成分残留，细胞毒性测定为1级，细胞相容性好。1周后所构建组织工程膀胱修补吻合区生长良好，12周后修补区组织结构基本接近正常膀胱。容积达到正常膀胱的80％，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用MDSC及PBAM构建的组织工程膀胱是理想的膀胱替代修补材料。     

肾上腺组合性嗜铬细胞瘤四例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and management principles of com-posite pheochromoeytoma of adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma). Methods Four cases of composite tumor of adrenal gland diagnosed pathologically were reviewed. All the cases were male, aged 37 to 62 years;three of them had the history of hypertension, one of them accompanied with paroxysmal palpitation, while one case was asymptomatic. Computerized tomography and ultra-sonography showed single tumor in adrenal, the diameter was about 2.5、3.8、6.3、15cm respectively. Two cases showed positive results in 131Ⅰ-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. One case showed positive result in 99Tcm-hydrazinonicotinamide-3trysinoctreotide (HTOC) scintigraphy. Twenty-four hours urinary catecholamine examination revealed the average of norepinephrine, epi-nephrine and dopamine were (196.1±92.2)nmol/24 h, (26.6±8.9)nmol/24 h, (1957.9±913.5) nmol/24 h respectively. Two cases were at a little elevated level and the others with normal. All cases were managed with α-adrenergic receptor blocker preoperatively for 2-4 weeks. Results Tumor re-section was performed in all 4 cases, and 3 cases by retroperitoneal laparoscopy, one by open surgery. All 4 cases were diagnosed as composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal (Pheochromocytoma-gangli-oneuroma) by pathology. All patients had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during follow-up from 15 to 38 months. Two of three cases with hypertension reverted to normotensive. Conclusions Composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal is rare, difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. Except mild in eatecholamine secretion, which clinical manifestations are similar to pheochromocytoma. Pheochro-mocytoma-ganglioneuroma is no apparent tendency for aggressive behaviors, the results of surgical management are favorable.     

前列腺癌患者粒子植入治疗后血清PSA变化的观察

目的探讨前列腺癌患者粒子植入治疗后血清PSA变化规律.方法前列腺癌患者13例.临床分期：T1cN0M08例,T2aN0M05例;Gleason评分：5分4例,6分9例;血清PSA 2.8～14.6 ng/ml,平均8.2 ng/ml.采用125I粒子植入治疗,治疗剂量D90为140～155 Gy.术后定期复查血清PSA,观察其变化规律.结果13例患者随访3～23个月.术后1、2、3、6、9、12、15、18及21个月血清PSA中位值为6.7、5.0、2.7、1.6、1.2、0.9、0.8、0.8及0.7 ng/ml.分别为术前血清PSA中位数的72%、51%、29%、20%、13%、11%、9%、9%及8%.术后1个月30%患者血清PSA有波动.结论前列腺癌粒子植入治疗后患者血清PSA下降缓慢,早期有波动.术后1年尤其术后3个月内血清PSA下降相对较快.     

肾上腺组合性嗜铬细胞瘤四例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and management principles of com-posite pheochromoeytoma of adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma). Methods Four cases of composite tumor of adrenal gland diagnosed pathologically were reviewed. All the cases were male, aged 37 to 62 years;three of them had the history of hypertension, one of them accompanied with paroxysmal palpitation, while one case was asymptomatic. Computerized tomography and ultra-sonography showed single tumor in adrenal, the diameter was about 2.5、3.8、6.3、15cm respectively. Two cases showed positive results in 131Ⅰ-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. One case showed positive result in 99Tcm-hydrazinonicotinamide-3trysinoctreotide (HTOC) scintigraphy. Twenty-four hours urinary catecholamine examination revealed the average of norepinephrine, epi-nephrine and dopamine were (196.1±92.2)nmol/24 h, (26.6±8.9)nmol/24 h, (1957.9±913.5) nmol/24 h respectively. Two cases were at a little elevated level and the others with normal. All cases were managed with α-adrenergic receptor blocker preoperatively for 2-4 weeks. Results Tumor re-section was performed in all 4 cases, and 3 cases by retroperitoneal laparoscopy, one by open surgery. All 4 cases were diagnosed as composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal (Pheochromocytoma-gangli-oneuroma) by pathology. All patients had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during follow-up from 15 to 38 months. Two of three cases with hypertension reverted to normotensive. Conclusions Composite pheochromocytoma of adrenal is rare, difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. Except mild in eatecholamine secretion, which clinical manifestations are similar to pheochromocytoma. Pheochro-mocytoma-ganglioneuroma is no apparent tendency for aggressive behaviors, the results of surgical management are favorable.     

妊娠合并嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断与处理

目的 探讨妊娠合并嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断与处理方法.方法 妊娠合并嗜铬细胞瘤病例3例.年龄分别为41、28、32岁,均为妊娠期间出现高血压,并伴有头痛、心悸、多汗等症状,分别于妊娠27周+1,12周+4,14周+3就诊.24 h尿儿茶酚胺明显升高;肿瘤位于右肾上腺2例,双侧肾上腺1例,肿瘤直径4.5～10.0 cm,术前诊断"妊娠合并嗜铬细胞瘤".结果 例1于孕32周行全麻下剖宫产术,顺利分娩一健康女婴,同时行后腹腔镜下右肾上腺肿瘤切除术,切除7.0 cm肿瘤1枚.例2及例3均选择流产.例2行后腹腔镜下右肾上腺肿瘤切除术,切除右肾上腺4.5 cm肿瘤1枚.例3拒绝进一步治疗.例1及例2术后病理均证实为嗜铬细胞瘤.结论 对于妊娠早期出现高血压、典型发作性高血压或伴有头痛、心悸、大汗三联征,分娩后高血压仍未恢复正常的孕妇,应考虑嗜铬细胞瘤;及时诊断可显著降低母亲及胎儿死亡率;处理上应根据妊娠所处的时期及嗜铬细胞瘤的功能状态选择恰当的方式.妊娠中期是较理想的手术治疗时机.腹腔镜手术治疗妊娠嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效.     

肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌的临床特点分析

目的 探讨肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌(MTSCCa)的临床特点、治疗和预后. 方法 MTSCCa患者4例.均为女性.年龄42～76岁,平均57岁.腰痛2例,其中伴肉眼血尿1例;体检发现肾肿瘤2例.肿瘤位于左肾3例,右肾1例.CT检查示肾内低密度影,增强后有轻度强化,且有延迟强化.肿瘤直径3.8～12.0 cm,平均6.8 cm.T1aN0M0 1例,T1bN0M0 2例,T2N0M0 1例.4例均行根治性肾切除术,其中1例行腹腔镜手术. 结果 4例手术顺利.肿瘤大体标本切面呈灰白色或灰褐色,周边有完整包膜.肿瘤内有出血区域:镜下表现为管状和梭形结构穿插于黏液样间质中,病理均诊断为肾MTSCCa.2例术后行干扰素及IL-2免疫治疗3个月.随访9～46个月,均未见复发或转移.结论 MTSCCa是一种罕见的低度恶性肾脏上皮肿瘤,多见于女性,早期手术切除是首选治疗方法,预后良好.     

雄激素受体蛋白表达及其基因获得/缺失与前列腺癌预后的相关性

目的 探讨雄激素受体（AR）蛋白表达及其基因获得/缺失改变与前列腺癌患者预后的关系。方法 前列腺癌患者19例,年龄58～90岁,平均72岁,治疗前PSA为(13.3～120)ng/mL,Gleason分级,其中高分化（Gleason评分﹤7分）2例,低分化（Gleason评分≥7分）17例。用免疫组化和FISH检测19例前列腺癌患者前列腺癌组织中的AR蛋白表达及其基因获得/缺失改变。结合临床资料分析其与前列腺癌预后的相关性。结果 19例中,发生AR基因获得2例,未发生AR基因获得17例,获得率为10.5%。其中2 例发生AR基因获得标本均来自存活组,6例死亡组病例中,无一例发生AR基因获得。未复发组阳性强度显著高于死亡组（P <0.05）。结论 前列腺癌患者AR蛋白表达中强阳性以及在治疗前出现AR基因获得可能提示预后良好。