紫外线照射前后日本血吸虫尾蚴抗原的初步分析

目的：探讨日本血吸虫尾蚴经紫外线（UV）照射后抗原成分的改变。方法：日本血吸虫尾蚴经UV（400uW/cm^2)照射1min后，取其可溶性抗原经照射尾蚴抗原（UVCA）与未经照射的尾蚴可溶性抗原（NCA）同步进行SDS－PAGE和免疫印迹试验。结果：经UV照射后，日本血吸虫尾缦新出现了Mr212000和82000抗原带，Mr116000,26000和16000抗原带浓度明显升高，NCA的M，67000分子仅能被UVCA免疫猪血清识别，而不能被感染猪血清识别，Mr79000和94000与免疫猪血清的反应也明显强于感染猪血清，结论：UV照射后新出现或含量增加的抗原成分以及仅免疫猪血清所别的抗原分子可能是照射尾蚴激发高度保护性免疫的主要因素。     

坏宜性脓皮病12例临床分析

报告12例疸性腔皮病患者的性别与年龄构成、并发症、实验室检查、治疗经过和结果，对该病的病因、治疗和预后进行了讨论。     

鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术

目的 :研究鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术的优点。方法 :鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术 5 0例 ,同期施行传统的鼻中隔矫正术 5 0例作为对照 ,分析两者手术时间、术中出血量及疼痛情况。结果 :鼻内窥镜组治愈率为96% ,手术时间 ( 35 .5 0± 5 .2 0 ) min,术中出血量 ( 2 3.2 2± 4.2 5 ) ml,疼痛发生率为 1 6% ;传统手术组治愈率为 90 % ,手术时间 ( 4 5 .64± 6.34) min,术中出血量 ( 31 .34± 5 .64) ml,疼痛发生率为 38%。经统计学分析两组治愈率差异无显著性 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,鼻内窥镜组手术时间明显缩短 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,术中出血量明显减少 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,术中疼痛发生率明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术照明好 ,术野清晰 ,直视下手术 ,易剥离粘连处和及时发现粘膜损伤 ,手术时间短 ,术中出血量少 ,疼痛轻 ,术后并发症少 ,特别是鼻中隔矫正同期完成功能性鼻内窥镜手术及歪鼻矫正手术时更显示其优越性     

血管内皮生长因子与乳腺癌临床病理因素及预后的关系

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子在乳腺癌中的表达情况及其与预后的关系。方法：采用免疫组化法对1985年至1986年手术治疗的109例乳腺癌的原发灶进行血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微血管密度（MVD）检测，并与临床病理资料进行比较分析。结果：VEGF强表达组淋巴结转移率（52．2％）和病理分级明显高于弱表达且（23．5％，P＜0．05）；随VEGF表达强度的增加，生存率（5年、10年、15年）呈下降趋势，但无明显差异；VEGF与肿瘤大小、绝经状况、雌孕激素受体之间未见相关性。结论：VEGF表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移和病理分级呈正相关，与预后呈负相关趋势，是估计恶性程度的有用指标，对判断预后有参考价值。     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤及术后胆漏的临床分析

目的 分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆漏及胆管损伤的原因、治疗方法及预后。方法 总结1999年1月～2005年7月7例腹腔镜术后胆漏及胆管损伤的患者，进行回顾性分析。结果 7例患者中2例迷走胆管漏，1例经腹腔引流后治愈，1例经B超引导穿刺引流后治愈；胆囊管残端漏1例，再次手术缝扎，胆总管探查取石放置T型管引流后治愈，肝总管损伤漏2例，1例用3-0可吸收线间断缝合，放置腹腔引流治愈，1例剖腹手术修补漏口，放置T型管支撑6个月；胆总管横断2例剖腹行胆总管端端吻合放置T管支撑6-7个月。术后随访1～3年，均恢复良好。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的胆漏及胆管损伤，应及时发现，正确处理。     

长期培养的大鼠原代肝细胞功能和形态学观察

目的：研究大鼠原代肝细胞长期体外培养后功能和形态的变化。 方法： 采用两步胶原酶原位灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞，并用Percoll分离液进行密度梯度离心进一步纯化肝细胞，采用0.4%台盼蓝染色观察细胞活力。然后将细胞接种于HepatoZYME-SFM培养基中培养，定期收集肝细胞培养液上清检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、白蛋白、尿素氮的水平。采用乙氧基试卤灵O-脱乙基酶活性（EROD）方法检测肝细胞P450的CYPⅠA1功能。 结果： 新鲜分离的大鼠肝细胞总数（2-3）×108cells/whole liver，Percoll分离液纯化后活力和纯度在90%以上。HepatoZYME-SFM培养下肝细胞生长良好并保持正常形态。AST、ALT水平在培养3 d后下降显著，6-9 d后趋于相对稳定的低水平。白蛋白的分泌功能、尿素合成能力在18 d内维持在较高水平。可在3-6 d检测到CYPⅠA1酶活性。 结论： Percoll液纯化新分离肝细胞可提高其活率和纯度，HepatoZYME-SFM培养条件下肝细胞可有效保持良好形态结构和一定的生物合成代谢能力，适合肝细胞的体外长期培养和功能研究。     

胃食管反流病的流行病学研究和危险因素分析

胃食管反流病(Gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)系指胃内容物反流入食管,引起不适症状和(或)并发症的一种疾病.GERD可分为非糜烂性反流病(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD)、糜烂性食管炎(erosive esophagitis,EE)和BaiTett食管(Barrett's esophagus,BE)3种类型.     

热敏灸治疗膝关节骨性关节炎35例临床观察

目的：观察热敏灸治疗膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的临床疗效。方法：选取KOA患者68例，随机分为热敏灸组和常规针刺组，分别用热敏灸和常规针刺治疗，每天1次，每周5次，总共治疗15次。治疗前后应用Lysholm膝关节量表进行评分。结果：2组治疗后总积分均明显升高，与治疗前比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01），热敏灸组改善优于常规针刺组（P〈0．01）。治疗后2组各症状积分均改善，热敏灸组不稳、肿胀症状积分明显升高，与常规针刺组治疗后比较，差异有显著性或非常显著性意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。总有效率热敏灸组为94．29％，常规针刺组为87．88％，2组比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：热敏灸治疗KOA具有确切的临床疗效。     

Youth Tobacco Access and Possession Policy Interventions: Effects on Observed and Perceived Tobacco Use

This study evaluated the effects of tobacco Purchase, Use and Possession (PUP) laws on student perceptions of adolescent tobacco use within towns and schools. Twenty‐four towns were randomly assigned into two conditions, the experimental condition (E PUP) involved efforts to increase both PUP law enforcement and reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco, whereas the control condition (C) focused only on efforts to reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco. A hierarchical linear modeling analytical approach was selected due to the multilevel data and nested design. The present study found that over time, youth in the experimental PUP condition observed less youth tobacco usage at school and in their town, and perceived lower rates of tobacco among their peers at school and among friends than youth in the control condition. The findings suggest that PUP law enforcement might be used to strengthen community norms against youth tobacco use.