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排序方式: 共有1455条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2.
Cesare Mondadori Conrad Gentsch Bastian Hengerer Thomas Ducret Jürgen Borkowski Amy Racine Renate Lederer Albert Haeusler 《Psychopharmacology》1992,109(4):383-389
Oral pretreatment with aldosterone or corticosterone blocked the memory-enhancing effects of the calcium antagonist nimodipine, the ACE inhibitor captopril, the NMDA blocker CGP 37 849, and the glycine antagonist strychnine in a passive-avoidance test in mice. The memory-disturbing effects of phenobarbitone, diazepam, CGP 37 849 and scopolamine were not influenced by the hormonal pretreatment. These findings could indicate the involvement of a steroid-sensitive mechanism in drug-induced improvement of memory. In the light of clinical observations showing elevated cortisol levels in Alzheimer patients, the results might also explain why only a limited number of these patients respond to therapy with memory enhancers. 相似文献
3.
Neuronal plasticity can manifest itself in alterations in the sensitivity of memory to the effects of drugs. After the production of a brain lesion, the memory processing of a passive-avoidance task in mice gradually becomes sensitive to the effect of morphine, i.e., an improvement in retention performance is seen after 6 weeks, but not after 1 or 2 weeks. The results presented demonstrate that, even if they lead to no discernible changes in behaviour, plastic processes can still be detected by means of behavioural tests. 相似文献
4.
目的 了解饮食服务业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染状况。方法 应用ELISA方法对 5 82 4 1名饮食服务业从业人员进行了血清HBsAg、抗 HBc、HBeAg和抗 HBe检测。结果 2 0 0 0~ 2 0 0 4年饮食服务业从业人员血清HBsAg、抗 HBc、HBeAg和抗 HBe总阳性率呈逐年下降趋势 ,依次为 4 .39%、3. 85 %、3. 4 7%、2. 84 %和 2 4 3% ,其差异有统计学意义 (χ2 =88. 4 1,P <0 . 0 1) ,每间隔 1年及其以上的两个年度的阳性率之间的差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 0 1)。结论 饮食服务业从业人员HBV感染率呈逐年下降趋势。 相似文献
5.
I. V. Kudryashova L. V. Nozdracheva A. A. Folomkina 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1997,123(4):348-351
It is shown that the rise of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus depends on the number of sensory stimuli
presented before decapitation, which correlates with changes in the efficiency of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal
sections from the same animal. Electrocutaneous stimulation potentiates the activation of succinate dehydrogenase induced
by sensory stimulation probably due to enhanced glutamate release.
Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 404–407, April, 1997 相似文献
6.
Schwenkreis P Liepert J Witscher K Fischer W Weiller C Malin JP Tegenthoff M 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2000,135(3):293-299
The aim of our study was to measure the effects of the glutamate antagonist riluzole on different parameters of motor excitability, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during 7 days of riluzole administration, and to correlate these effects with riluzole plasma levels. Nine healthy volunteers received a dose of 100 mg riluzole from day 1 to 7 of the study period. Electrophysiological examinations were performed on day 1 before and 2 h, 5 h and 8 h after riluzole administration, on day 2, day 3 and day 5 before riluzole administration, and on day 8. Plasma samples were taken simultaneously. The excitability of the motor cortex, supraspinal and spinal motor pathways was tested by studying intracortical facilitation and inhibition, the cortical silent period and motor threshold after TMS, as well as the peripheral silent period and F-wave amplitudes after electrical peripheral nerve stimulation. We found a significant reduction of intracortical facilitation, which correlated significantly with riluzole plasma levels. To a lesser extent, intracortical inhibition was enhanced on day 1, motor threshold was increased on day 8 and F-wave amplitudes were reduced. These changes did not correlate with riluzole plasma levels. We conclude that the main effect of riluzole in vivo is a reduction of intracortical facilitation, which is closely related to the drug's level in the plasma. The most probable mechanism involves an effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission. 相似文献
7.
A. Hayashi Y. Kagamihara Y. Nakajima H. Narabayashi Y. Okuma R. Tanaka 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1988,70(2):437-440
Summary Reciprocal innervation of the soleus motoneurones upon initiation of voluntary ankle dorsiflexion was investigated in eight patients with Parkinson's disease. H-reflex and visually guided step tracking methods were used for testing moto-neurone excitability and for controlling the timing of movement initiation, respectively. While reciprocal inhibition appeared almost simultaneously with the agonist electromyographic (EMG) onset in normal subjects (Kagamihara and Tanaka 1985), facilitation appeared in the majority of patients under the same onset condition. It increased slowly, reaching a maximum at about 100 ms after the EMG onset. It then subsided slowly at around 200–300 ms, and was replaced thereafter by an inhibitory effect. No coactivation of the soleus muscle was detected electromyographically. The facilitation between the EMG onset and the onset of mechanical contraction was attributed to the direct effect of the descending command from the brain, suggesting a certain disorder in controlling the system for reciprocal innervation. 相似文献
8.
The present study aimed to further investigate whether the intracortical neural circuits within the primary motor cortex (M1) are modulated during ipsilateral voluntary finger movements. Single- and paired-pulse (interstimulus intervals, ISIs; 3 ms and 12 ms) transcranial magnetic stimulations of the left M1 were applied to elicit motor evoked potential (MEP) in the right first dorsal interosseous (Rt-FDI) muscle during voluntary contractions (10% and 30% maximum voluntary contraction) of the left FDI (Lt-FDI) muscle. F-waves of Rt-FDI muscle were recorded under these left index-finger conditions for ensuring that the excitability changes occur at the supraspinal level. MEPs were also recorded during motor imagery of the left index-finger abduction instead of overt movement. The results showed that, in single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm, MEPs in Rt-FDI muscle were markedly enhanced during voluntary contractions of Lt-FDI muscle compared with the complete resting state. In paired-pulse TMS paradigm, the short intracortical inhibition was significantly reduced in proportion to increments of the ipsilateral muscle contraction, whereas the intracortical facilitation had no change. F-wave of Rt-FDI muscle was unchanged under these conditions, while MEP in Rt-FDI muscle was also enhanced during motor imagery of the left index-finger abduction. Based on the present results, it is suggested that the intracortical inhibitory neural circuits may be modulated in the transition from rest to activity of the ipsilateral homonymous muscle. The excitability changes in M1 might be induced by overflows of voluntary drive given to the ipsilateral limb, probably via the transcallosal pathway. 相似文献
9.
Maturation of Startle Modulation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Edward M. Ornitz Donald Guthrie Andrea R. Kaplan Shelly J. Lane Robert J. Norman 《Psychophysiology》1986,23(6):624-634
This study of the maturation of prestimulation-induced modulation of startle in 3 to 8 year old children and adults demonstrated significant effects of age on both startle magnitude and onset latency. Startle was evoked by 104dB(SPL) 50-ms bursts of white noise, and the amplitude and onset latency of the blink reflex were measured after integration of the obicularis oculi EMG. Prestimulation with 75dB 1000 Hz tones resulted in severe inhibition of both amplitude and latency in adults when 20-ms tones preceded the startling stimuli by 120 ms or 250 ms. Following sustained prestimulation for 2000 ms, the adults showed modest nonsignificant response facilitation. Eight-year-old children showed mature inhibitory and facilitatory startle amplitude modulation, but significantly less inhibition and more facilitation of onset latency compared to adults. Preschool children showed significantly less amplitude and latency inhibition and more facilitation than 8-year-olds and adults. In response to prestimulation 120 ms before startling stimuli, the preschool children actually showed latency facilitation. Modulation of startle by prestimulation is mediated by brainstem neuronal networks. These findings suggest that brainstem mechanisms which mediate startle response modulation undergo development during early childhood and do not mature until about 8 years of age. 相似文献
10.
Potential sex differences in amplitude, habituation, prepulse inhibition (PPI) and prepulse facilitation (PPF) of the acoustic startle response (ASR) were investigated using male and female mice from the two different inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J (C57) and C3H. Furthermore, the effects of the estrous cycle were tested. The estrous cycle appeared to have no effect on ASR amplitude, habituation, PPF and PPI, the latter being in contrast to results in rats and humans. While sex had no effect on PPI or PPF, males exhibited higher startle amplitudes than females, irrespective of strain, which we discuss to be due to increased male anxiety. In addition, long-term habituation was stronger in C57 males and short-term habituation was weaker in C3H males with respect to females. These results provide evidence for influence of the reproductive hormones on startle reactivity and startle habituation; we therefore conclude that future studies involving genetic influences on behavior using inbred strains are only complete if both sexes are included. 相似文献