汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感研究

目的:提出文化疏离感的操作性定义和初步的理论构想,为我国少数民族的文化认同和文化适应,以及少数民族青少年的教育培养提供比较重要的参考资料,为疏离感理论的丰富起到一定积极作用.方法:自编<汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感量表>,进行信效度考察以后对678名汉区少数民族学生进行调查.结果:1.文化疏离感及其四个子维度在地区主效应上均表现出显著差异,在年龄主效应上差异不显著;文化分离感和不和谐感在性别主效应上差异显著.2.文化疏离感及其两个子维度(文化孤立感和文化分离感)在年龄和地区,以及在年龄、地区和性别的交互作用上均表现出显著差异.3.影响文化疏离感及其文化孤立感、文化分离感、被控感三个维度的主要变量是学生小学前后居住地区的改变,而影响不和谐感的主要变量是性别.结论:小学前后居住地的改变会影响少数民族学生文化疏离感.     

Histoire et fonctions des Unités pour Malades Difficiles (1re partie). Du quartier de sûreté à l’Unité pour Malades Difficiles de Villejuif,plus d’un siècle de prise en charge

This article is the first in a series of three, dedicated to the history and functions of what is known as a UMD in France: Unités pour Malades Difficiles, or “Units for Difficult Patients”. This particular article focuses on the oldest such secure structure, UMD Henri Colin, created in 1910 in Villejuif as a quartier de sûreté, or a “secure ward”. The article aims to detail evolutions in treatment and the types of patient treated over more than one hundred years, parallel to social change. Four distinct chronological periods are examined, for their perspective on professional practice as much as for the reasons given for patients’ admission and the psychopathological profiles of “dangerous” patients. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate this historical evolution.     

中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离现状,探讨其影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查表、一般疏离感量表、简易应对方式量表、社会支持评定量表对210例中老年前列腺癌根治术患者进行横断面的调查。采用多重线性回归分析探讨影响中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离的因素。结果中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离得分为(44.48±11.57)分、积极应对得分(20.58±2.96)分、消极应对得分(18.24±4.57)分及社会支持得分(38.42±5.61)分。中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离与积极应对方式、社会支持均呈负相关(P<0.001),与消极应对方式呈正相关(P<0.001)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,积极应对、消极应对、社会支持以及尿失禁是影响中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离的主要因素,其可共同解释社会疏离得分总变异的46.90%。结论中老年前列腺癌根治术后患者社会疏离水平较高,尤其是有尿失禁症状、倾向于消极应对及社会支持较低的患者。提高患者控尿能力,增强其积极应对和社会支持及减轻其消极应对,可降低患者社会疏离水平。     

用权利制约权力--论病人权利与医师权力的关系

医师在医疗服务中拥有的医学治疗权不是一项个人权利,而是一项社会权力.医师权力来源病人权利的部分让渡.其目的是为了维护和增进病人的健康利益,但在现实生活中,市场经济的负面因素诱发医师权力部分地背离了它的本始目的,这一现象就是医师权力异化.异化了的医师权力侵犯病人权利,引起医患双方利益冲突,形成医疗纠纷.在立法上全面确定病人的权利与医师的义务,用病人权利制约医师权力,这是和谐医患关系的一条有效途径.     

Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients

Stigma in society causes harm to people with severe mental illness (SMI) and internalized stigma represents its psychological point of impact. We evaluated the extent of internalized stigma in a sample of outpatients with SMI, using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, developed with consumer input. About a third of the sample reported high levels of internalized stigma. We tested whether internalized stigma predicted increased depressive symptoms and reduced self-esteem at 4-month follow-up, controlling for baseline levels. Depression was predicted by Alienation, Stereotype Endorsement, Social Withdrawal Scales and total ISMI score. Reduced self-esteem was predicted by Alienation. ISMI results were stronger than those for the widely used Devaluation–Discrimination Scale. The finding that alienation further reduces morale speaks to the difficulty of pulling oneself out of this type of vicious cycle without assistance.     

误读视阈下布莱希特对中国戏曲的接受

布莱希特的叙述剧“间离效果”理论作为对欧洲传统亚氏戏剧之革新,在“演员与角色的辩证关系”、“演员与观众的辩证关系”两个层面受到中国戏曲的启发影响。布氏对中国戏曲的认知与解读既敏锐捕捉了其中的某些美学特质,同时也存在误读。在艺术展示的动机上,布氏戏剧陌生化手法的核心是对传统戏剧写实幻觉的消解,而中国戏曲的艺术展示其核心则是一种写意审美表现;在观众的欣赏态度上,布莱希特防止观众沉溺于虚拟情境是为了让其保持清醒和冷静,中国观众与虚拟情境保持距离则是出于艺术鉴赏的目的;在演员的情感体验上,中国戏曲演员的表演并非是为了使观众完全不动感情,相反是力求通过出神入化的表演感染观众。     

Loneliness: an epidemic in modern society

Loneliness: an epidemic in modern society Loneliness is a little discussed concept in today's self-obsessed climate, where it is seen as a negative embarrassing condition. It is unique for every individual, and as such, it is difficult to define. There are other closely related concepts, for example, aloneness and solitude, that further complicate an already complex issue. Loneliness also has various causes and effects that can be one and the same, and so it can be confused with similar but different conditions, for example, depression and self-esteem. But, at the end of the day, if the word loneliness is mentioned in conversation, everybody will understand what it means to them, and how distressing an ordeal it can be. Everyone is lonely to some degree, no matter how much they pretend they are not: it is part of being human. Nursing literature looks at loneliness from a rather basic, superficial perspective, when discussing whether such a traumatic state of being can be solved, but this is not a solution as such. It is such an innate part of the human psyche, that it cannot be solved like a puzzle; it can only be alleviated and made less painful. This can only be achieved by increasing humankind's awareness of this distressing condition that everyone has to endure in some way, shape or form, some time during their lives, about which there is nothing to be embarrassed. If non-lonely individuals could spare a smile or a word for people who might be perceived as being lonely, even if in doing so they selfishly think 'there but for the grace of God go I', such a small gesture might just make their day a little less of an ordeal.