输卵管妊娠治疗方式及其对未来生育影响的研究进展

输卵管妊娠是一种临床常见的妇科急腹症。输卵管妊娠如能在包块尚未破裂前早期诊断，其相关的病死率大大降低。输卵管妊娠的治疗方式有很多，无论哪种治疗方式，都会导致患者生育功能的下降。临床中对于有生育要求的患者，选择哪种治疗方式更好地保护患者的生育功能并减少并发症仍是有争议的话题。近年有学者做了大量研究比较输卵管妊娠不同治疗方式的并发症及其对患者未来生育前景的影响，甚至提出更新的治疗方式以弥补传统治疗方式的不足。现就输卵管妊娠的治疗方式、并发症及对未来生育的影响的研究进展进行综述。     

病理证实的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤40例临床分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床与影像学特点，治疗与预后。方法对40例病理证实的PCNSL的临床与影像学表现、治疗和预后情况进行回顾性分析。结果PCNSL好发于50～60岁男性，急性或亚急性起病。肿瘤单发者占75．0％，多发者占25．0％，多位于脑脊液循环通路附近，即深部结构近脑室（57．5％）或靠近皮质的浅表部位（32．5％）。病理均为B细胞型，有特征性的“血管周围淋巴套”和“星空现象”。临床不具有特异性。头颅MRI多为T1低信号，T2高信号，界限清晰，水肿明显，显著均匀强化占67．6％，厚壁环形强化占13．5％。采用大剂量甲氨蝶呤（HDMTX）化疗者，存活率（75．0％）较未采用者（48．1％）高。平均生存时间14．8个月，复发后69．2％的患者存活不足6个月。结论PCNSL临床表现无特异性，确诊需靠穿刺活体组织检查。治疗首选HDMTX为基础的综合化疗，预后差。     

经子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注及栓塞 在宫颈妊娠保守治疗中的应用

目的探讨经子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注化疗及栓塞术在宫颈妊娠保守治疗中的应用价值.方法 6例宫颈妊娠患者,孕龄36～68天,经阴道超声检查明确诊断后,行双侧子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注及栓塞治疗.结果所有患者均一次治疗成功,术后患者的阴道出血明显减少或中止,血β-HCG水平迅速下降.患者的宫颈形态及月经周期于治疗后4个月内恢复正常.结论子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注化疗及栓塞术是保守治疗宫颈妊娠的有效方法.     

氨甲喋呤、米非司酮和丙酸睾丸酮联合治疗异位妊娠的研究

目的　探讨氨甲喋呤 (MTX)、米非司酮 (MST)和丙酸睾丸酮 (TP)联合治疗异位妊娠的效果。方法　对 76例病人随机分为 3组 ,A组 (2 7例 )给予MTX 5 0mg加 30ml生理盐水隔日静注× 3d ,隔日用 15mg四氢叶酸钙 (CF)肌注解毒 ,同时口服MST 5 0mgBid× 6d ,肌注TP 5 0mgqd× 3d。B组 (2 6例 )用MTX和CF和MST。C组 2 3例 (对照组 )单用MTX和CF。治疗期间所有病例均定期查B超和血 β -hCG结果。 结果　A组和B组的成功率分别为 85 2 %和 84 6 % ,二者之间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但显著高于C组 73 9% (P <0 0 1)。结论　氨甲喋呤、米非司酮和丙酸睾丸酮联合治疗异位妊娠的效果较佳 ,值得临床推广应用。其应用的适应症是肝、肾和凝血功能正常 ,B超检查异位妊娠包块直径 <4cm ,无急性内出血 ,血 β -hCG <5 0 0 0U/L。     

Development of patient derived organoids for cancer drug screening applications

Cancer is a disease characterised by abnormal cell growth that can invade or spread to other regions of the body. Organoids are three-dimensional ex vivo tissue cultures made from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, progenitor cells or tissue that serve as a physiological model for cancer research. These are designed to recapitulate the in vivo properties of tumours. Importantly, effective recapitulation of the structure of tissues and function is believed to predict patient response, allowing for the creation of personalised therapy in a timely manner that may be used in the clinic. This Review discusses the pre-clinical model and different types of human organoids as models for the development of high throughput drug screening and also aims to highlight how organoids are shaping the future of cancer research.     

Circulating interleukin 10 and interleukin-6 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate or gold salts: Preliminary report

In order to evaluate the relationship between serum concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, and acute phase proteins in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) or intramuscular gold (IMG) we determined IL-10, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) in the sera of 35 RA patients. IL-10 and IL-6 levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). AGP and ACT level were measured using rocket immunoelectrophoresis. IL-10 serum level was not increased in RA patients as compared to controls (58.7 ± 18.1 pg/ml vs. 57.2 ± 11.9 pg/ml). IL-6 level was significantly elevated (91.6 ± 46.9 pg/ml vs. 45 ± 19 pg/ml, p < 0.05). CRP was significantly increased as compared to healthy controls (35 ± 19 mg/l vs. 3 ± 2 mg/l, p < 0.05). Patients treated with MTX or IMG presented an increased level of IL-10 and decreased amounts of IL-6, as compared to those treated with NSAID only. However, only changes between patients treated with IMG and NSAID were found to be statistically significant. A good negative correlation between IL-10 and IL-6 serum level was found (r = –0.75, p < 0.05). A positive significant correlation between IL-6 serum level and CRP (r = 0.62, p < 0.05), AGP (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and ACT (r = 0.45, p < 0.05) was established. On the other hand, a negative correlation between IL-10 and serum level of CRP (r = –0.76, p < 0.05), AGP (r = –0.64, p < 0.05) and ACT (r = –0.38, p < 0.05) was also observed. Moreover, these relationships were maintained when patients treated with MTX, IMG, or NSAID were analyzed independently. According to the data thus far obtained, it seems that IL-10 decreases IL-6 production, and thereby indirectly affects the acute phase response, decreasing CRP, AGP, and ACT concentration in RA patients.Abbreviations ACT -1-antichymotrypsin - AGP ₁-acid glycoprotein - APP acute phase protein - CRP C-reactive protein - CSF colony stimulating factor - IFN interferon - IL interleukin - IMG intramuscular gold - MTX methotrexate - NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - RA rheumatoid arthritis     

Clinical outcomes of patients treated for cervical pregnancy with or without methotrexate

The objective of this study is to describe the clinical outcomes of patients treated for cervical pregnancy with or without methotrexate (MTX) and to evaluate the effects of MTX in the treatment of cervical pregnancy. Between January 1993 and February 2000, 31 patients were diagnosed with cervical pregnancy. Twenty-two patients were treated with MTX chemotherapy and nine patients were treated with surgical procedures without MTX treatment. In the non-MTX treatment group, three patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, five required adjuvant procedures to control the bleeding during dilatation and curettage (D&C) and only one patient was treated with a simple D&C. In the MTX treatment group, fourteen (63.6%) patients were treated with only MTX and eight (36.4%) cases underwent concomitant procedures (simple curettage, curettage and Foley catheter tamponade, cervical cerclage, ligation of the descending branches of uterine arteries, or ligation of hypogastric arteries). The uterus was preserved in all cases and three women delivered healthy babies in their subsequent pregnancy. In conclusion, early diagnosis, appropriate MTX regimen in combination of necessary adjuvant conservative procedures could contribute to successful treatment with preservation of the uterus and future reproductive ability.