加巴喷丁治疗癫痫的疗效及安全性研究

目的：加巴喷丁抗癫痫作用的有效性与安全性。方法：随机双盲，添加治疗安慰剂对照临床试验。整个试验历时6个月，入选者随机分入试验组或对照组，于试验前、入组后第1、4、8、12、16、20、24周末随访。结果：均衡性：加巴喷丁治疗癫痫在随访中均衡性较好，各指标间无明显差别。疗效评价：加巴喷丁添加治疗组结果显示较安慰剂组发作次数明显减少，两组间有统计学差别；对各类型癫痫总的治疗有效率及MMSE评分等方面无统计学差异，未显示出疗效；但对全身性强直阵挛发作类型具有明显疗效，具有统计学意义。安全性评价：加巴喷丁组和安慰剂组都有不良事件发生，加巴喷丁组居多，但差别无统计学意义。结论：加巴喷丁对全身性强直阵挛发作类型有效，对其它类型疗效不佳，是一种安全性较好的药物。     

Evaluation of Mini Mental State Examination and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale on aged schizophrenic patients

Abstract  Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and subscales of the BPRS were performed on 73 elderly inpatients (mean age: 67.9 years; standard deviation: 7.2; range: 60–89) diagnosed with DSM-III-R chronic schizophrenia. Forty of the subjects were men and 33 were women. A significant negative correlation was observed between MMSE and the age, factor negative, factor depressive, and total score of BPRS. We believe, however, that it is relatively sufficient to screen for demented illness of schizophrenics using MMSE when considering the age and the psychiatric symptoms (especially negative or depressive symptoms). Forty-eight (66%) of the 73 patients were categorized as 'demented' by MMSE. These results suggest that the aged inpatients with schizophrenia in a hospital showed certain kinds of cognitive deficits (including senile dementia) more frequently than the general population.     

简易精神状态检查适用人群及影响因素

目的：根据简易精神状态检查（MMSE）在大样本人群中的测试结果分析，探讨MMSE的适应人群及影响因素。方法：通过随机整群分层抽样，对4921名55岁或以上的西安市城市居民进行MMSE测查。分析MMSE得分在不同年龄，不同文化程度以及总体人群中的第10百分数、中位数、偏度、峰度以及对痴呆的阳性预测值。并用多元逐步回归法分析MMSE得分的影响因素。结果：MMSE得分在不同年龄、不同文化程度、总体人群中都呈现负偏态，尖峭峰型分布。在年龄较轻（70岁以下）、文化程度偏高（初中或以上）的人群中偏性分布最明显，痴呆的检出率较低；而在年龄偏大（70岁以上），文化程度偏低（小学及以下）的人群中接近正态分布，痴呆的检出率较高。文化程度、年龄、性别、受教育年限、听力下降、日常生活能力对MMSE得分有显著影响（P＜0．001）。结论：MMSE量表最适用于年龄偏大（70岁以上），文化程度偏低（小学或以下）的人群，对痴呆的筛选能力大；而对于年龄偏小，文化程度偏高的人群，MMSE的鉴别筛选力较低。实践中应根据具体研究目的选用适宜量表，并灵活掌握分界值，以达到最大效益。     

MMSE、HIS、ADL在阿尔茨海默病筛查中的应用

目的评价简易智能量表(MMSE)、Hachinski缺血指数量表(HIS)、日常生活功能量表(ADL)3种量表在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)早期筛查中的应用价值.方法对56例50岁以上AD高风险人群进行MMSE、HIS、ADL测试,比较3种量表在AD筛查中的有效性及优缺点.结果在AD组和非AD组之间,MMSE和ADL得分有显著性差异,HIS得分无差异性.MMSE、HIS、ADL 3组量表敏感性分别为92.86%、100%、89.28%,特异性分别为85.71%、42.86%、60.71%,准确性分别为89.28%、71.43%、75.00%.结论3组量表中MMSE敏感性、特异性和准确性均较好,HIS敏感性最高但特异性最低,ADL敏感性接近于MMSE但特异性稍低.MMSE适合于老年高风险人群的AD筛查,HIS和ADL必须考虑到筛查对象的具体流行病学特点配合MMSE进行AD筛查.     

Infrared spectroscopy: A new diagnostic tool in Alzheimer disease

Biological markers play an evolving role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). We compare conventional measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and β-amyloid_1–42 proteins to a novel approach – Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy – a simple technique derived from chemical and physical sciences that characterizes intramolecular bonds. For automatic diagnostic analysis, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN). We examined 71 patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD and 66 controls. β-Amyloid_1–42 was decreased (sensitivity 80% and specificity 78%); tau was elevated (sensitivity 76% and specificity 88%) in CSF of AD patients. The combined tau/β-amyloid_1–42 quotient was able to distinguish healthy from diseased subjects with 99% sensitivity and 86% specificity. The ANN could separate FT-IR spectroscopy data with 88.5% sensitivity and 80% specificity. FT-IR spectroscopy proved to be cost-effective and simple to perform. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is in the range of CSF tau and β-amyloid_1–42 protein analysis. Larger sample numbers for ANN training and validation could increase diagnostic accuracy and thus prove to be a useful screening tool.     

Diet Quality and Cognitive Performance in Australian Adults Aged 55–85 Years: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Hunter Community Study Cohort

There is a lack of evidence to determine if diet quality is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality is associated with cognitive performance among older adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), comparing diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), along with validated cognitive performance instruments the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were undertaken in adults aged 55–85 years, living in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Adjusted linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the lowest ARFS quintile, those in the highest quintile had an ARCS score 5.883 units greater (p < 0.001; R² = 0.0098). Furthermore, when quintiles of ARFS score were tested against each ARCS sub-scale score, statistically significant associations were observed with the greatest effect for the Memory (β = 4.055; p = 0.001; R² = 0.0065) and Attention (β = 4.136; p = 0.002; R² = 0.0047) domains. No statistically significant associations were observed between quintiles of ARFS and MMSE score in the adjusted linear regression analyses. In conclusion, a positive association was observed between diet quality and cognitive performance within this sample of older Australian adults. Further investigation of the above association over time, when follow-up data becomes available, in longitudinal analysis is recommended.     

纳络酮对血管性痴呆认知功能改善的临床观察

目的：观察纳络酮治疗血管性痴呆后对认知功能改善的作用。方法：将72例血管性痴呆患者随机分为纳络酮治疗组和常规药物治疗组，治疗前和治疗后2周、5周分别进行MMSE和MBI评分，进行对比分析。结果：两组治疗后MBI评分比治疗前提高，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组治疗2周后MMSE评分对照无明显提高（P〉0．05），治疗组显著提高（P〈0．05），但与对照组治疗后比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），5周后两组与治疗前比较，对照组具有统计学意义（P〈0.05），治疗组具有统计学意义（P〈0．01），且与对照组治疗后比较，差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：应用纳络酮治疗血管性痴呆可显著提高MMSE评分，改善认知功能，作用快，安全，疗效显著。     

银杏叶片治疗轻度认知功能损害对照研究

目的 探讨银杏叶片治疗轻度认知功能损害患者的临床疗效和安全性.方法 将110例轻度认知功能损害患者随机分为两组,每组55例,研究组口服银杏叶片治疗,对照组口服丹参片治疗,观察3个月.于治疗前后采用简易智力状态检查量表和日常生活能力量表评定临床疗效,及时记录各种不良反应.结果 治疗后研究组简易智力状态检查量表评分较治疗前显著升高(P＜0.01),日常生活能力量表评分较治疗前显著下降(P＜0.05);对照组简易智力状态检查量表评分较治疗前有升高趋势,日常生活能力量表评分较治疗前有下降趋势,但差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).治疗后研究组简易智力状态检查量表评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).两组均未见明显不良反应.结论 银杏叶片与丹参片治疗轻度认知功能损害患者均有效,且安全性高,依从性好,但银杏叶片疗效显著优于丹参片.     

舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆的疗效研究

目的 观察舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效及对精神行为症状的改善情况.方法 将58例血管性痴呆患者随机分为舒血宁联合脑苷肌肤治疗的观察组和单纯脑苷肌肤治疗的对照组,治疗结束后观察两组患者的临床疗效、简易智能量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分以及安全性评价.结果 治疗后,观察组有效率为89.66％,优于对照组的72.41％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后两组患者的MMSE、ADL评分均较治疗前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而组间比较,观察组的MMSE、ADL评分均较对照组明显增加,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且均未出现不良反应.结论 舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者,不仅疗效较佳,安全性高,而且可有效改善患者的精神行为症状.     

首发抑郁症患者服药前后MMSE、HAMD与ERP的对比研究

目的：对首发抑郁症患者在治疗前后进行简易智力状态量表（MMSE）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及事件相关电位（ERP）检测,探讨抑郁症患者早期的认知功能。方法：对抑郁症患者组100例及正常对照组80例进行MMSE、HAMD及 ERP检查,并对最终进入研究的53例患者进行随访研究。抑郁组在抗抑郁药物治疗前和治疗12周、6个月、1年后各进行一次上述各指标的测定,并与对照组进行比较。结果：①抑郁症组治疗12周后 HAMD评分较前明显好转,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;MMSE ,总分及ERP波形较治疗前有所改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,但MMSE仍较对照组差,P3波潜伏期较对照组延长,波形分化差,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。②抑郁症组治疗6个月时HAMD评分较前进一步好转,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;MMSE评分及ERP检测较治疗前进一步改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,但MMSE短时记忆仍较对照组差,P3波潜伏期延长,波形较分化差,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。③抑郁症组治疗1年 HAMD评分较前进一步好转,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;MMSE评分及ERP中N2、P3波潜伏期和波形较用药前进一步改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。④Logistic回归分析：年龄和首发病程是影响抑郁症患者认知功能变化的独立危险因素。结论：①ERP检测能为抑郁症患者认知功能变化的诊断提供较客观的指标。②药物治疗1年后,抑郁症患者MMSE评分的注意与计算力、短时记忆好转,HAMD值降低,患者抑郁障碍改善明显,表明MMSE、HAMD及ERP检查对首发抑郁症患者认知功能、抑郁障碍研究具有重要意义。