武当山"七类药"资源整理

目的报道武当山区“七类药”类中草药资源的品种、来源与功效。方法通过资源调查及查阅有关文献与标本做出综合分析。结果武当山地区“七类药”来源于42科78属,有115种。结论武当山地区“七类药”来源广泛,功效显著,应进一步研究、开发和利用。     

武当山"还阳类"草药资源整理

目的报道武当山地区习用“还阳类”中草药资源的品种、来源与功效。方法通过资源调查及查阅有关文献、标本做出综合分析。结果武当山地区“还阳类”中草药来源于16科40属,含48种。结论武当山地区“还阳类”中草药来源广泛,功效显著,应进一步研究、开发和利用。     

Demographics of canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in the Southeastern United States

Detailed examination of the records of 57 dogs referred to our clinic with the diagnosis of immunemediated haemolytic anaemia was accomplished. Only untreated dogs or dogs who had only received supportive therapy were included in the study group comprising 30 male dogs and 27 female dogs. Age distribution followed the general age distribution of our patient population. There was no within-breed sex or age predilection. The youngest dog was 11 months of age and the oldest dog was 13 years of age. Overall mortality rate among the study population was 51% (29 dogs). Certain canine breeds were over-represented in this study and these same breeds had high mortality rates. Included were 11 cocker spaniels (19%; 82% mortality rate, 9 of 11 dogs), nine dogs with terrier in their name (16%; 78% mortality rate, 7 of 9 dogs), six German shepherds (11%; 50% mortality rate, 3 of 6 dogs), five doberman pinschers (9%; 60% mortality rate, 3 of 5 dogs), and five miniature schnauzers (9%; 60% mortality rate, 3 of 5 dogs). Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia was considered secondary to hepatic disease in 16 dogs (28%), septicaemia in 10 dogs (18%) and neoplasia in six dogs (11%), i.e. signs and data supporting these processes were reported to have preceded anaemia. A total of 29 dogs (51%) also had thrombocytopenia (platelet counts less than 60000 cells/µl), eight (14%) dogs had major venous thrombosis, eight (14%) dogs had associated disseminated intravascular coagulation, and 24 (42%) of the dogs had evidence of renal disease — proteinuria and cylinduria. About 35% (20 dogs) of the patients were treated from June to August, and 63% (36 dogs) of the patients were direct antiglobulin positive (immunoglobulin G with or without complement). A variety of red cell morphological changes were observed including stomatocytes, bowl forms, knizocytes, schistocytes and spherocytes. Spherocytes were observed in 11 dogs (19%). Absolute reticulocytosis was observed in 26 dogs (46%). A variety of treatment combinations including glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, anabolic steroids, heparin, intravenous human gamma globulin, and blood component therapy were used without identifiable success associated with any given protocol.     

HLA-Ⅱ类基因DRα及DRB1 0401转基因小鼠 模型的遗传与繁殖

采用类系祖建系的方法 ,对HLA -Ⅱ类基因DRα 和DRB1 　 0 4 0 1转基因小鼠模型进行了繁育。通过PCR和Southernblot分子杂交的方法 ,检测小鼠尾组织的DNA样品 ,以确定DR基因的整合和复制情况。结果表明 ,HLA -Ⅱ类基因DR已稳定地遗传至第五代(F5) ;共产仔 32 6只 ,PCR检测出阳性小鼠 95只 ,阳性率为 2 9.1 %。PCR—Southern印迹杂交检测 ,发现 68只仔鼠整合有DR基因 ,总有效率为 2 0 9%。经Nothern杂交和RT -PCR检测HLA -DR基因在脾脏和肾脏中均有表达。     

Serum enzyme levels and influencing factors in three indigenous Ethiopian sheep breeds

Serum enzymes were studied in 377 apparently healthy sheep from three indigenous sheep breeds of Ethiopia. The effect of breed, age, sex and season on alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) levels was assessed. The mean serum enzymes levels of the indigenous Menz, Tukur and Wello sheep breeds ranged from 17.2–17.7 IU l⁻¹, AST/GOT from 50.4–56.6 IU l⁻¹, ALP from 93.2–103.9 IU l−¹, and AcP from 2.47–2.56 IU l⁻¹, were within the normal range for sheep elsewhere. Season had significant influence on all serum enzymes except for the AcP in Menz breed. Sex had significant effect on AST/GOT for Menz and on ALP for all sheep breeds, with consistently higher values in males than in females. Age was significant only on ALP in the Menz and Tukur breeds. The serum enzyme levels of these indigenous sheep breeds can be used as normal reference values for Ethiopian sheep breeds adapted to similar agro-ecology and production system.     

Malaria in the Renaissance: remedies from European herbals from the 16th and 17th century

Background

From antiquity up into the 20th century tertian and quartan malaria which are caused by the parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae were widespread in Central Europe. Hundreds of different remedies against malaria can be found in herbals from the Renaissance.

Aim of the study

To document and discuss from a modern pharmacological viewpoint the old remedies described in eight 16th and 17th century herbals written in German.

Materials and methods

Eight of the most important herbals of the 16th and17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Matthiolus (1590), Lonicerus (1560), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591 and 1678) were searched for terms related to malaria, and documented plants and recipes described for its treatment. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied.

Results

Three hundred and fourteen taxa were identified in the herbals for this indication. Recent pharmacological data was found for just 5% of them. The influence of De Materia Medica was shown to be negligible with only 3.5% of the remedies in common.

Conclusions

European Renaissance herbals may be a valuable source of information for the selection of plants for focussed antiplasmodial screening programmes, but have received only little scientific attention. Antimalarial remedies from these herbals must be viewed as independent sources of knowledge separate from Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica.     

金水清对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:通过观察中药复方金水清对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(mesangial cells,MC)增殖及凋亡的影响,探讨其治疗小儿血尿的作用机制.方法:以噻唑蓝法检测MC的增殖,荧光显微镜下观察MC的凋亡形态,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡.结果:在1 000～62.5 μg/L浓度范围内,金水清能抑制MC增殖,可使G0～G1期细胞增高,S、G2-M期细胞减少,且呈浓度依赖关系,并能明显诱导MC凋亡.结论:MC是金水清发挥作用的重要靶细胞,金水清可能通过:(1)减少细胞有丝分裂,干扰细胞周期,抑制系膜细胞的增殖及代谢活性;(2)诱导系膜细胞的凋亡等环节发挥抑制MC增殖的作用,从而减少炎性因子的合成与释放,减少细胞外基质的聚积,达到治疗小儿血尿,延缓慢性肾脏病理进程的目的.     

浅析小包装中药饮片的优缺点

目的：推广小包装中药饮片的应用。方法：结合本院短期内使用小包装饮片的实际情况,对小包装中药饮片的优缺点进行分析、总结和讨论。结果：小包装中药饮片与传统的调配模式相比具有保持中药特色、提高称量准确性,减少称量误差、提高工作效率、提高饮片质量、提高消费透明度、改善工作环境、减少浪费等优点,同时存在占用空间大、增大饮片质量控制难度、拆包操作繁琐、先煎、后下、包煎等没有明显的标记等不足。结论：中药调配模式改革是大势所趋,小包装中药饮片应扬长避短,不断改进,以更好地推广和使用。     

中草药提取液对流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡的影响

探讨金银花、黄芩和连翘的提取液对甲3型流感病毒诱导狗肾传代细胞(MDCK细胞)凋亡的影响。方法采用金银花、黄芩和连翘3种中草药的提取液进行抗病毒试验,以细胞病变、姬姆萨染色在光镜下观察细胞形态学变化,Annexin V和PI双染用流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,评价药物对甲3型流感病毒诱导MDCK细胞凋亡的影响。结果在MDCK细胞上甲3型流感病毒(血凝滴度为1∶64)的TCID50为0.65.100μL-1;实验浓度:金银花为1∶256(1.95g.L-1),黄芩为1∶64(7.81g.L-1),连翘为1∶64(7.81g.L-1)。在光镜下观察甲3型流感病毒对照组的MDCK细胞,可见被感染的MDCK细胞出现了细胞凋亡特有的形态学变化。Annexin V和PI双染经流式细胞仪测定显示3种药物实验组的细胞凋亡率[金银花(28.13±3.30)%、黄芩(13.47±3.04)%、连翘(19.17±6.55)%]均显著低于病毒对照组[(54.10±4.58)%](P<0.001)。结论 7.81g.L-1的黄芩及7.81g.L-1的连翘均能抑制100TCID50的甲3型流感病毒诱导MDCK细胞凋亡。1.95g.L-1的金银花不能够有效抑制100TCID50的甲3型流感病毒诱导MDCK细胞凋亡。     

The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines Among a Sample of Canadian Menopausal‐Aged Women

Introduction : Despite questionable efficacy and safety, many women use a variety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to relieve menopause symptoms. Methods : We examined the determinants and use of CAM therapies among a sample of menopausal‐aged women in Canada by using a cross‐sectional Web‐based survey. Results : Four hundred twenty‐three women who were contacted through list serves, e‐mail lists, and Internet advertisements provided complete data on demographics, use of CAM, therapies, and menopausal status and symptoms. Ninety‐one percent of women reported trying CAM therapies for their symptoms. Women reported using an average of five kinds of CAM therapies. The most common treatments were vitamins (61.5%), relaxation techniques (57.0%), yoga/meditation (37.6%), soy products (37.4%), and prayer (35.7%). The most beneficial CAM therapies reported were prayer/spiritual healing, relaxation techniques, counseling/therapy, and therapeutic touch/Reiki. Demographic factors and menopausal symptoms contributed to 14% of the variance (P < .001) in the number of CAM therapies tried. Discussion : Results support previous research showing that menopausal women have high user rates of CAM therapy and show that specific demographic factors and somatic symptomatology relate to use of CAM therapies. Health care providers can benefit from understanding the determinants and use of CAM by women during the menopause transition if they are to help and provide quality care for this population.