中华按蚊与嗜人按蚊生物学实验研究

在实验室内对中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的主要繁殖率指标以及雄蚊、未吸血雌蚊和饱血蚊体重等进行实验研究,在温度26±1℃,温度80±10％的实验室内,中华按蚊的产卵率、平均每蚊首次产卵数、孵化率、化蛹率、成成蚊率分别为79.31％、127.29±47.50、86.56％、87.61％、95.89％、89.93％:而嗜人按蚊则分别为75％、114.71±47.37、75.06％、82.42％、94.44％、95.55％:中华按蚊雄蚊、未吸血蚊、饱血蚊体重、平均吸血量分别为1.12±0.24、1.44±0.32、3.94±0.892.50mg:而嗜人按蚊则分别为0.93±0.24、1.06±0.25、2.93±0.55、1.847mg。经统计学分析,它们的产卵率、平均产卵数和羽化率没有显著性差别,而孵化率、化蛹率、成成蚊率、蚊体重(包括雄蚊、未吸血蚊和饱血蚊)等则有非常显著性差别。中华按蚊羽化为成虫的数量与工龄幼虫之比(S值)为0.7562:而嗜人按蚊的S值则为0.7434     

Locomotor training with partial body weight support in patients with Parkinson's disease and stroke: Its efficacy and neural mechanisms

Locomotor training with partial bodyweight support on the treadmill is applicable to neuro-rehabilitation for various gait disorders caused by neurological diseases. Although neural mechanisms for the efficacy remain unclear, recent optical neuroimaging studies using near infra-red spectroscopy have suggested that this training might modify the hierarchical locomotor control system, including several cortical motor areas and the central pattern generator in the spinal cord.     

Maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy: A nudge in the right direction

Suboptimal maternal nutrition and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) establish in mothers and their offspring a weight gain trajectory towards overweight and obesity. Therefore, pregnancy may be the best opportunity to disrupt the generational cycle of obesity. More than half of women in the UK now enter pregnancy overweight or obese, highlighting that if interventions are not targeted towards women in higher weight categories before conception they are likely to ‘miss the mark’. To address issues of suboptimal maternal nutrition and excessive GWG in antenatal care, health professionals need to consider how women's requirements and expectations may have changed in recent years and the impact of weight stigma on the care of women who are obese. This paper aims to drive changes in clinical practice guidelines, medical curricula, the language used by health professionals, and ultimately promote maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy as key priorities during antenatal care. Evidence indicates that women want non‐judgemental, simple and encouraging guidance in these areas. Small changes to health professionals’ practice can improve how advice regarding nutrition and weight management in pregnancy is delivered, and has the potential to reduce overweight and obesity prevalence in women and their children in the years to come. Surely that goal is worth pursuing.     

The Interaction Between Sillence Type and BMD in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Clinical studies with bisphosphonates in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) show an increase in BMD and a decrease in fracture rate. Bone strength in children with OI is not only influenced by changes in BMD but also by changes in collagen I structure of the organic bone matrix. Therefore, we studied the interaction between these two factors in a cross-sectional, single center study including 54 children. We assumed that vertebral deformities in OI represent an unbalance between load and bone strength. Body weight was considered to be a well quantifiable load on vertebral bodies. BMD served as a marker, representing the amount of bone tissue available for vertebral load bearing, and the Sillence classification, either type I or III/IV, as a marker representing the quality of the organic bone matrix. Independent associations were observed between the prevalence of vertebral deformities and (1) Sillence type (OR: 5.7, 95%Cl:1.2–26.8), (2) BMD (OR: 0.003, 95%Cl: 0–0.25) and (3) body weight (OR: 1.15, 95%Cl: 1.05–1.25). Regarding the anthropometrical differences among the different types of OI, the BMD/body weight ratio was introduced to evaluate the BMD in relation to body size. Prevalent vertebral deformities were associated with low BMD/body weight ratios (OR: 0.04, 95%Cl: 0.008–0.2) in OI type I, but no association was found in type III/IV. It was concluded that BMD and Sillence type have independent relationships with vertebral deformities. The BMD/body weight ratio correlates with vertebral deformities in children with OI type I. Its meaning in types III/IV needs further research with larger samples because of the relatively high prevalence of vertebral deformities in this group.     

营养支持对低体重慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能作用

目的探讨个体化营养干预措施对改善稳定期低体重慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pul-monary disease,COPD)患者肺功能的效果。方法选择2010年4月—2012年4月在广西医科大学第一附属医院就诊的稳定期低体重COPD患者72例,随机分为试验组和对照组各36例,试验组按照膳食调查情况实行动态营养教育和管理;对照组采用普通饮食。分别于入组时、6个月和12个月观察两组患者体质指数(BMI)、肺功能、6 min步行距离和生活质量评价。结果试验组在BMI、肺功能和生活质量等方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论根据COPD患者的营养状况,采用个性化营养支持方案,有利于改善低体重COPD患者的各项营养指标,促进患者肺功能恢复,从而提高患者生活质量。     

Rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH strain) display specific quantitative trait loci for blood pressure and for body and kidney weight on chromosome 1

1. The aim of the present study was to scan chromosome 1 in the hypertensive 'inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension' (ISIAH) rat strain for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control basal and stress-induced arterial blood pressure (ABP) levels and weight traits. 2. Two F(2) populations of 3-4- and 6-month-old male rats derived from a cross between the normotensive Wistar albino Glaxo (WAG) and hypertensive ISIAH rats were used in the search for the QTL. To identify the QTL for blood pressure (basal and under stress) and weight traits (bodyweight, as well as the weight of the adrenals, kidney and heart), 12 polymorphic markers covering a span of 234.6 Mb on chromosome 1 were analysed. 3. In 3-4-month-old rats, QTL were found for bodyweight in the vicinity of the D1Rat76 marker (230.6 Mb; P = 0.0019; logarithm of odds (LOD) score 3.23) and for relative kidney weight in the vicinity of the D1Rat117 marker (219.3 Mb; P = 0.000992; LOD score 3.41). No QTL for blood pressure were detected on chromosome 1 in the 3-4-month-old population. 4. In 6-month-old rats, a QTL for basal ABP in the region spanning 168.0-250.4 Mb, with two peaks around the markers D1Rat168 (204.8 Mb; P = 0.00087; LOD score 3.42) and D1Rat76 (P = 0.0006; LOD score 3.34), was described. A novel QTL was found in the D1Rat54-D1Rat168 region for stress-induced blood pressure (P = 0.0014; LOD score 3.08). 5. The results provide support for the existence of age-dependent differences in the genetic control of ABP and weight traits. Chromosome 1 was characterized by four QTL: for bodyweight and relative kidney weight in 3-4-month-old F(2) (ISIAH yen WAG) rats and basal ABP and ABP under emotional (restraint) stress conditions in 6-month-old F(2) rats. The QTL for stress-induced ABP seems to be novel and specific to the ISIAH rat strain.     

Evidence and consensus based GKJR guidelines for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children and adolescents. Immunomodulatory drugs are used frequently in its treatment. Using the nominal group technique (NGT) and Delphi method, we created a multidisciplinary, evidence- and consensus-based treatment guideline for JIA based on a systematic literature analysis and three consensus conferences. Conferences were headed by a professional moderator and were attended by representatives who had been nominated by their scientific societies or organizations. 15 statements regarding drug therapy, symptomatic and surgical management were generated. It is recommended that initially JIA is treated with NSAID followed by local glucocorticoids and/or methotrexate if unresponsive. Complementing literature evidence with long-standing experience of caregivers allows creating guidelines that may potentially improve the quality of care for children and adolescents with JIA.