罗伊氏乳杆菌对轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿免疫功能与肠道菌群及临床疗效的影响

目的探究罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938在治疗轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿中的疗效及对免疫功能、肠道菌群的影响。方法收集于2018年2月-2019年2月在阳光融和医院进行诊治的轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿126例,随机分为试验组(63例)和对照组(63例)。对照组给予常规补液治疗及蒙脱石散和枯草杆菌二联活菌口服治疗,试验组采用常规补液治疗及蒙脱石散和罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938辅助治疗。观察两组患儿的腹泻改善情况,并分析对免疫功能(IgG、IgA、CD4^+/CD8^+水平)及肠道菌群失调的影响。结果在治疗72 h后,试验组患儿的治疗总有效率为92.06%,高于对照组的74.60%(P=0.009);且治疗后两组患儿的IgG、IgA、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均较治疗前有升高(P<0.05),且试验组水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。对患儿肠道菌群进行分析,在治疗1周后,试验组患儿肠道菌群失调程度低于对照组,且试验组的肠道菌群正常比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938对于辅助治疗轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿具有良好的疗效,能够提高患儿免疫力,改善肠道菌群失调,减轻患儿腹泻症状,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Resveratrol attenuates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by maintaining gut barrier integrity and inhibiting gut inflammation through regulation of the endocannabinoid system

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Microbiote intestinal et stéatopathie métabolique

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD is a disease with a large spectrum of liver injury that could appear in overweight or obese individuals with a metabolic syndrome. However, among overweight or obese, only a subset of individuals develops severe forms of NAFLD. Thus, the susceptibility of NAFLD is related to cofactors that could be protective or conversely noxious. Studies carried out in rodent models have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota is a cofactor with a causal role in NAFLD. The bacterial patterns as well as the metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria are directly involved in the mediation of their effects, although the mechanisms are far from being fully identified. Changing intestinal microbiota by using fibers, prebiotics or probiotics can prevent or improve NAFLD in murine models. The translation of these data to human therapeutics is encouraging but remains limited. Indeed, there is clearly a dysbiosis associated with the different stages of NAFLD. The first clinical trials performed in patients to improve NAFLD showed beneficial effects although their analysis remains complicated given the many confounding factors, such as the use of metformin or proton inhibitors. A first clinical trial using a metabolite from Akkermansia muciniphila, suggests that new therapeutic approaches will emerge in the coming years based either on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota directly or on the modulation of intestinal microbiota targets.     

益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响

目的 探讨益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响。 方法 选取2016年6月至2018年12月河北医科大学第二医院消化内科收治的92例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为观察组（n=46）和对照组（n=46），对照组在常规治疗基础上给予肠内营养治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片，观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群、炎性介质及血清miR-155变化，比较两组患者治疗后胃肠道功能恢复情况。结果 治疗后，观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增加数量，肠球菌、大肠埃希菌减少数量，血清CRP、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、miR-155降低水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组患者胃肠生活质量量表（GIQLI）评分高于对照组，腹胀消失时间、腹痛消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间均少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 益生菌联合肠内营养治疗急性胰腺炎可调节肠道菌群平衡，降低血清miR-155水平，缓解炎性反应，促进肠道功能恢复。     

Transplantation of an eight-organ multivisceraI graft in a patient with frozen abdomen after complicated Crohn's disease

To report an extended multivisceral transplantation (MVTx) including right kidney and ascending colon in a patient with complicated Crohn's disease (CD). A 36-year old female suffering from short bowel syndrome and frozen abdomen due to fistulizing CD after multiple abdominal operations underwent MVTx of eight organs including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum in November 2003. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids. The patient was off parenteral nutrition by postoperative wk 3. She experienced one episode of pneumonia. The patient recovered completely and discharged 2.5 mo and was doing well 30 mo after MVTx. This is one of the very rare cases in which a complete mulitivisceral graft of eight abdominal organs was transplanted orthotopically.     

肠道间质瘤10例临床分析

目的:探讨肠道间质瘤的临床表现、病理类型、诊断及治疗措施。方法:回顾性总结长海医院1991年至2001年经手术治疗并经病理证实了的10例病例。结果:主要表现为:阵发性腹痛、腹胀、消化不良、便血、腹部或直肠包块。病理类型:良性间质瘤2例、恶性间质瘤8例。结论:肠道间质瘤表现无特殊性、易误诊,内镜和X线钡灌肠检查是术前常用的方法,腹部核素扫描、超长型电子小肠镜可提高诊断率。治疗上应采取以手术为主的综合治疗。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻对对侧肾影响的实验研究

目的探讨肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)梗阻对对侧肾的影响。方法采用新西兰大白兔24只,随机分为完全梗阻组(组1)、部分梗阻组(组2)和假手术组(组3),每组8只。组1、2分别行右侧输尿管完全、部分结扎,组3只显露而不结扎输尿管。术后4周处死,切除对侧肾。处死前尿路造影示组1、2兔均发生右侧肾积水。应用电子天平测定对侧肾实质重量,采用FITC-Annexin-V/PI双染色流式细胞仪检测对侧肾皮髓质细胞凋亡率。所有标本均行病理学检查。结果4周后,组1、2、3对侧肾实质重量分别为(3.96±0.20)、(3.47±0.19)、(3.20±0.21)g/kg体重,组1、2与组3比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对侧肾皮质的细胞凋亡率分别为(2.19±0.83)%、(2.17±0.79)%和(2.14±0.76)%,组间两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对侧肾髓质的细胞凋亡率分别为(23.75±2.34)%、(11.82±1.40)%和(2.36±0.65)%,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。UPJ梗阻4周后,组2对侧肾间质充血、轻度水肿,部分肾小管扩张,管腔内存在坏死脱落的物质;组1对侧肾改变更为明显。结论UPJ梗阻不仅引起对侧肾实质代偿性增生,同时还造成对侧肾损害。     

Is colonic electrical activity a similar phenomena to small-bowel electrical activity?

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate colonic spike bursts regarding 1) their migration behavior, 2) their pressure correlates, and 3) comparing colonic short spike bursts with spike bursts from migrating myoelectric complex from the small bowel. METHODS: Rectosigmoid electromyography and manometry were recorded simultaneously in seven normal volunteers and electromyography alone in five others during two hours of fasting and for two hours after one 2,100-kJ meal. One patient with an ileostomy was also studied by the same method to record the migrating myoelectric complex from the terminal ileum during fasting. RESULTS: Three kinds of spike bursts were observed in the pelvic colon: rhythmic short spike bursts, migrating long spike bursts, and nonmigrating long spike bursts. The meal significantly increased the number of migrating and nonmigrating long spike bursts (from 25 to 38.7 percent of the recording time; P <0.01). These bursts of potentials showed a peak 15 minutes after the meal, which may be caused by the gastrocolic reflex. Migrating long spike bursts started anywhere along the rectosigmoid and migrated from there aborad 82 percent of the time and orad or in both directions in 10 or 7 percent of the time, respectively. They originated pressure waves 99 percent of the time. Short spike bursts were more frequent before the meal (15.1 percent before and 9.6 percent after the meal), but the difference was not significant; they neither propagated nor initiated pressure waves detected by the miniballoon. CONCLUSIONS: Migrating long spike bursts were the only potentials that migrated, sometimes for short distances. Short spike bursts are a different phenomenon from the small-bowel migrating myoelectric complex because they do not migrate; they can occur during the postprandial period and never originated intraluminal pressure waves.Supported by a grant from the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica, Proc. DBI-22086.Presented at the meeting of the Portuguese Congress of Gastrenterology, Vila Moura, Portugal, June 2 to 5, 1993.     

460例胃癌纤维胃镜活检标本的病理观察

本文分析了460例胃癌胃粘膜活检资料,结果:男:女为2.36:1:51～60岁年龄组发病率最岛(37.17％);发生部位以胃窦部最多见,占46.74％;组织学分类以低分化腺癌最多,占51 52％;在伴随病变中,畅化生的检出率为21.74％,胃腺囊为35％,胃粘膜上皮异型增生为32.61％。本组材料提示,不完全性大肠型肠化生、异型胃腺囊及胃粘膜中度以上异型增生与胃癌有密切关系。