山龙眼科至蓼科法定药用植物基源考证

目的 厘清由于分类系统和种分类等级的变化、种鉴定等原因引起的药材标准中法定药用植物基源混乱的情况。方法 查询我国国家和各省市自治区的相关药材标准及权威分类学著作，对植物基源存疑的种，从植物系统分类、分类群等级和种鉴定等各方面进行考证。结果 我国国家和地方标准收载的法定药用植物中，来源于恩格勒系统山龙眼科至蓼科的共有105种，其中基源鉴定清晰，分类无问题，中文名和拉丁学名无混淆的63种，基源存疑有5个科共42种，其中由于属名的异名充作正名而引起拉丁名混乱的1种，属分类系统变化而造成种混淆的5种，种等级分类群的鉴定、归并不同而造成混淆的11种，中文名混淆的25种，并对有混淆的种进行考订纠正。结论 檀香科、桑寄生科、马兜铃科、蛇菰科及蓼科法定药用植物基源有一定问题，经过研究考订，这些问题得以厘清解决。     

Isolation of a cytotoxic agent from Asiasari Radix

A minor cytotoxic compound was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation from Asiasari Radix and identified as aristolactam III (1) on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence. This is the first report on the isolation of compound1 from Asiasarum genus. Compound 1 exhibited a significant cytotoxic activity against the three kinds of human cancer cell lines (A-549, SK-MEL-2 and SK-OV-3).     

木香、川木香、土木香、青木香和红木香药材的ITS2条形码分子鉴定

通过分析木香、川木香、土木香、青木香、红木香药材的ITS2（internal transcribed spacer 2）条形码序列,探讨木香类药材鉴定新方法。对60份样品提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增ITS2序列并进行双向测序,所得序列经CodonCode Aligner拼接后,采用 MEGA5.0 软件进行序列比对,计算种内和种间遗传距离（K2P）,构建邻接树（neighbor-joing tree,NJ Tree）。结果表明,无论是菊科的木香、川木香、土木香,还是马兜铃科的青木香和五味子科的红木香,ITS2序列种内变异均小于种间变异,ITS2序列所有单倍型比对后长度为272 bp,变异位点达到162个;遗传距离显示物种种内平均K2P远远小于种间平均K2P;NJ树结果显示木香、川木香、土木香、青木香和红木香药材可明显区分,且能鉴别川木香的2个基原物种。因此,ITS2序列可用于鉴定木香、川木香、土木香、青木香、红木香药材,为临床安全用药提供依据。     

细辛医药相关中国发明专利分析

细辛是一种常用中药材,主要药用部位为根和根茎,自古便被列为上品,有诸多药用功效,中国药典规定品种为北细辛、汉城细辛和华细辛。对细辛相关发明专利进行分析,有助于了解其发明专利申请现状及发展趋势,进而推进该药物的产品研发和产业化发展,促进科技成果转化。本文使用《孔明专利信息搜索平台》进行专利检索,并利用Python、R语言等工具对检索结果进行收集、筛选、整理、统计、挖掘和分析,深入剖析国内的细辛相关医药发明专利申请的现状与发展趋势,为细辛的开发提供参考。细辛的发明专利申请热度逐年提高;细辛相关发明专利申请主要来自于中、韩、日、俄、美等国家和地区,涉及的主要临床应用为感冒、咳喘、头痛、风湿痹痛、抗菌消炎、心血管系统等疾病;细辛多与活血祛瘀药、解表药和补虚类药配伍。     

Antispasmodic property of the aqueous extract of Aristolochia albida Duch

The antispasmodic property of the underground parts of Aristolochia albida Duch (family: Aristolochiaceae) was evaluated. The evidence was provided by the aqueous extract of the plant's rhizome which exhibited significant relaxation of the spontaneous pendular contraction of isolated rabbit duodenum. The extract at moderate doses abolished acetylcholine (Ach), histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced contractions on isolated rabbit duodenum and guinea-pig ileum. The effects of the extract mimicked antagonists (atropine, mepyramine and methysergide). Therefore, the extract evoked its antispasmodic actions by antagonism via muscarinic, histaminic and 5-HT receptors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid determination of eight aristolochic acid analogues in five Aristolochiaceae plants by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Aristolochic acids (AAs) and aristololactams (ALs) are commonly found in some Aristolochiaceae plants, and they have been reported to be AA nephropathy (AAN), nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, we established an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS) method for the rapid analysis of eight AA analogues in 19 samples originated from the five Aristolochiaceae plants, the roots and rhizomes of Asarum sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense Nakai, the fruits of Aristolochia contorta Bunge or A. debilis Sieb. et Zucc., the roots of Aristolochia debilisSieb. et Zucc., the stems of Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., and the roots of Aristolochia fangchi Y. C. Wu ex L. D. Chou et S. M. Hwang. A total of five AAs and three ALs were identified by co-chromatography of sample extract and comparing the retention time, UV spectra, and characteristic molecular ions and fragment ions with those of authentic standards, or tentatively identified by MS/MS determination along with Mass Fragment software. Moreover, the method was validated for the simultaneous quantification or semi-quantification of them. The samples significantly differed in the quality and quantity of AA analogues, which allowed the possibility of showing their chemical distinctness, and it might be helpful in their standardization and quality control. Furthermore, in order to holistically compare the difference between the five Aristolochiaceaeplants, dataset obtained from UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS was processed with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).     

Aristolochia gehrtii inhibits liver toxicity and apoptosis in Schistosoma malayensis infection

Objective:To evaluate a protective effect of Aristolochia gehrtii(A.gehrtii)leaves to inhibit liver toxicity and apoptosis in Schistosoma malayensis(S.malayensis)infection.Methods:Forty male albino mice were divided into four equal groups:group 1 control including noninfected healthy mice and groups 2,34 subcutaneously infected with S.malayensvs cercariae where groups 34 pretreated with A.gehrtii leaves(200 mg/kg,bwt)cinnamoylamide(250mg/kg,bwt),respectively.Results:5.malayensis caused a significant increase in serum AST,ALT,ALP,MDA,NO,bilirubin,urea,creatinine,total cholesterol,LDL,triglycerides,and HDL levels.The pretreatment of A,gehrtii leaves and cinnamoylamide significantly inhibited that increase.On the other hand,S.malayensis induced a significant decrease in serum total protein,albumin,globulin,albumin/globulin ratio,blood SOD and GPx,while A.gehrtii leaves and cinnamoylamide pretreatment increased the above parameters.Treatment with A.gehrtii leaves and cinnamoylamide to S.malayensis infected mice increased p53 expression but decreased bcl-2expression.These results were supported by hislopalholqgical investigations.Conclusions:A.gehrtii inhibits liver toxicity and apoptosis in S.malayensvs infection and this effect is associated with the major cinnamoylamide ingredient of A.gehrtii leaves.     

木通马兜铃化学成分研究

从木通马兜铃(Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom)茎皮中分得一个新化合物(5),经光谱(IR,UV,HRMS,^{1HNMR,NOEDS)鉴定为3,4-二甲氧基-10-硝基菲-1-羧酸甲酯,命名为马兜铃酸BII甲酯。另11个已知化合物是马兜铃酸Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,Ⅳ,Ⅳa,对羟基桂皮酸,β-谷甾醇,豆甾烷-3,6-二酮,6-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮,胡萝卜甙,二十八酸甘油单酯;其中二十八酸甘油单酯为首次从该属植物中分得。}     

Pre-coital and post-coital anti-implantation and abortifacient activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aristolochia bracteolata Lam</Emphasis>. aerial parts

The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the ethanolic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata was tested for pre-coital and post-coital anti-implantation and abortifacient activities in female albino rats. In the pre-coital study, the treatment at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight showed significant and dose-related anti-implantation and abortifacient properties. In the post-coital studies at 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg body weight doses, similar results were observed. The total antifertility activity at 40 mg/kg body weight was found to be comparable to that of standard ethinyl estradiol given for the similar period. The plant merits further investigation to prove the mechanism of action and to isolate its phytoconstituents.