Defining the role of pharmacists in addressing the social determinants of health

As one of the overreaching goals of Healthy People 2030, addressing the social determinants of health (SDOH) to reduce health disparities is a nationwide concern, with objectives informed by interdisciplinary teams of experts. However, there remains much discussion regarding the roles of healthcare providers in addressing SDOH. While current guidance suggests that all members of the healthcare team must be empowered to address SDOH, current guidance explicitly references physicians, nurses, social workers and staff, and do not specifically include pharmacists. While pharmacists are taught about the impact of SDOH in pharmacy curricula, actionable strategies for pharmacists to address SDOH in practice have not been clearly outlined. Pharmacists have multifaceted interactions with patients and may be influential in meeting individual patient needs, identifying social risk factors, and addressing upstream causes of health disparities. This paper proposes a framework for the role of pharmacists in addressing the SDOH through strategies at the patient, practice, and community levels. The concepts presented in this paper are meant to serve as a launch point for discussion and to promote the inclusion of pharmacists in the conversations around sustainable efforts to achieve health equity. This framework is not intended to limit the scope of pharmacists in addressing SDOH – on the contrary, it is our hope that this outline may be used to expand the education of future healthcare professionals regarding their role in addressing the social determinants of health.     

Developing a model for clinical and basic science teaching skills

This report describes a model for identifying sets of teaching abilities considered to be effective for medical school teaching staff, based on roles teachers assume and functions they are expected to perform as instructors. The specification of these teaching abilities was the first step in the development of a comprehensive course on Medical Instruction at the Basic Institute of Medical and Agricultural Biology of the State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil, where the senior author is employed. The work was based on the assumption that medical school teachers are expected to assume a variety of teaching roles and that identification and specification of the abilities that define their roles can result in more effective and efficient teaching.     

教育在以病人为中心整体护理中的作用

以病人为中心的整体护理是当代护理科学发展的必然趋势。为了适应这一形势，必须充分发挥教育在整体护理中的作用，进行护理教育的改革。改革传统中专护理教育体制，延长学制，增设有关课程；强化护理人员全日制教育；加强护理人员思想政治、职业道德和敬业精神教育，在护理人员中增强整体护理观念，以适应医学模式的转变。     

荞麦花粉抗贫血作用的实验研究

用荞麦花粉的水提取液进行了抗大白鼠缺铁性贫血的研究，结果表明：荞麦花粉具有和硫酸亚铁相似的抗缺铁性贫血作用．饮用荞麦花粉提取液３５ｄ的大白鼠，生长发育良好，主要脏器未见损害．该研究为荞麦花粉的开发利用提供了实验依据．     

科技论文中通信作者和末位作者重要性的比较

【目的】 试图解决论文作者署名中通信作者与末位作者谁是最重要的作者的问题。【方法】 以Science期刊为研究对象,收集该刊论文的作者署名信息和作者贡献声明信息,提取贡献要素并进行规范化分类,结合作者贡献声明和作者署名位置、署名角色进行比较分析。【结果】 在论文作者署名位置的分布中,末位作者通常同时是通信作者。在论文研究中,通信作者往往比末位作者发挥更重要的作用。对于不是通信作者的末位作者,其对研究的贡献往往较低。【结论】 结合作者贡献声明能够合理地判断作者的重要性。学术界对于作者署名位置应该有更加统一的认识,建议在科技期刊中推行作者贡献声明政策,完善学术期刊作者贡献声明规范。     

掌握国际动态发挥中国在国际药品不良反应药品中的作用

药品安全性问题是全球共同关注的焦点,药品不良反应监测是发现上市药品安全隐患的重要手段.应在全面掌握国际药品不良反应监测工作发展动态的前提下,建立一套具有中国特色的药品不良反应监测体系,充分发挥中国在国际药品不良反应监测中的作用.     

胆肠吻合术在治疗肝胆管结石中的指征及作用探讨

目的探讨肝胆管结石中胆肠吻合术的应用指征及临床效果。方法本次研究选择我院2006年5月至2011年5月收治的肝胆管结石的患者80例,随机分为两组,对照组40例采用T管引流术,观察组40例采用胆肠吻合术,就两组临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果两组患者均行平均2.5年的随访,观察组失访2例,38例中优34例,良3例,差1例。优良率为97.4%。对照组失访3例,37例中优25例,良5例,差7例。优良率为81.1%。结论临床肝胆管结石采用胆肠吻合术治疗时,需依据外科祛除病灶、取尽结石、保障引流畅通、对梗阻有效解除的原则,对患者的病理情况进行分析,以选择合适的手术方式,掌握手术指征,根据结石的部位,肝脏、胆管的病理改变对胆肠吻合术方式进行选择,可获得理想临床效果,降低残石率,改善患者生存质量。     

关于临床药师角色的几点体会

目的:探讨临床药师在临床药物治疗团队中的角色。方法:结合重症监护病房临床工作经历谈谈角色体会。结果与结论:临床药师在临床药物治疗团队中是学习者、协助者和沟通者。     

角色扮演在护理病史采集与病历书写教学中的应用

目的探讨角色扮演法在护理病史采集与病历书写教学过程中的应用效果。方法采取整群抽样的方法,选择北京大学护理学院2007级护理专业189名专科生为研究对象,采用角色扮演法进行健康评估课程学习,课后进行问卷调查,并对角色扮演展示课前后学生书写的护理病历的成绩进行比较。结果对于角色扮演展示课,77.2％的学生表示感兴趣;65.1％的学生认为收获大。学生在角色扮演展示课后书写的护理病历总分及各部分得分均高于课前的得分。经过秩和检验显示,除了日常生活型态方面的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）外,其余各项的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论在护理病史采集与病历书写过程中应用角色扮演法,有助于培养学生的学习兴趣及提高其护理病历的采集与书写能力。     

中医药文化在中医药类学生人文素养提升中的作用

中医药类学生应具有包括认知要素、道德要素、人文精神和行为要素在内的人文素养,但当前有部分中医药学生人文素养欠缺,要充分利用中医药文化,提升中医药类学生的人文素养：重视中医经典,用中医药精神文化感染中医药类学生的道德文化素养;贯通一二课堂,用中医药物质文化丰富中医药类学生的认知文化素养;加强文化教育,用中医药制度文化熏陶中医药类学生的行为文化素养.