A new aspect of in vitro antimicrobial leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma activity based on flow cytometry assessment

The current literature suggests that the antibacterial effect of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) is directly related to platelet and leukocyte concentrations. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of L-PRP against selected bacterial strains in vitro, and second, to correlate this effect with leukocyte and platelet content in the final concentration. Blood was collected from 20 healthy males, and L-PRP, acellular plasma (AP), and autologous thrombin were consecutively prepared. Flow cytometry analysis of the blood, L-PRP, and AP was performed. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were tested in vitro for their antibacterial properties against seven selected bacterial strains using the Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method. There was notable antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains. No statistically significant correlations between antimicrobial activities and the platelet concentration in L-PRP were observed. Statistically significant positive correlations between selected leukocyte subtypes and antimicrobial activity were noted. A negative correlation was found between elevated monocyte count and antimicrobial activity of L-PRP against one bacterial strain studied. L-PRP possesses antimicrobial activity and can be potentially useful in the fight against certain postoperative infections. The bactericidal effect of L-PRP is caused by leukocytes, and there exists a relationship among selected leukocyte subtypes and L-PRP antimicrobial activity.     

耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌对替加环素不同体外药敏试验方法学评估

目的 比较不同药敏试验方法检测替加环素对耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)的敏感性。初步了解辽宁地区CRKP对替加环素的耐药情况，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 回顾性收集辽宁省内多家大型三甲医院2011年1月-2016年12月分离的CRKP共269株，采用微量肉汤稀释法、KB纸片扩散法、Vitek-2仪器法及E试验法检测替加环素对CRKP的敏感性。结果 微量肉汤稀释法、E试验法、Vitek-2仪器法测定替加环素MIC50和MIC90分别为(0.5/1)、(0.25/0.5)和(0.5/4)μg/mL。按美国食品与药品监督管理局(FDA)和欧洲药敏试验委员会(EUCAST)判读标准，微量肉汤稀释法测得CRKP对替加环素的敏感率为97.4%/93.3%，中介率为2.2%/4.1%，耐药率为0.4%/2.6%。E试验法敏感率最高，为100%/98.9%，Vitek-2法耐药率最高，为8.6%/13.4%，纸片扩散法的中介率最高，为11.9%/46.5%。与微量肉汤稀释法比较，E试验法的基本一致率(EA)和分类一致率(CA)均≥90%，但存在重大误差(VME)，分别为0.4%/1.9%；Vitek-2法EA仅为61.7%，CA为87.4%/72.1%，且大误差(ME)为6.3%/7.4%，无VME；纸片扩散法CA仅为85.9%/46.5%，小误差(mE)为1.9%/2.6%，ME为0.7%/5.6%。结论 辽宁地区绝大多数CRKP对替加环素仍保持较高的敏感性。对于CRKP、E-试验法、Vitek-2仪器法和纸片扩散法均不适合单独检测替加环素敏感性，可考虑联合检测，若结果不一致，均应参考微量肉汤稀释法。     

儿童肺炎支原体感染状况分析

目的 探讨儿童的肺炎支原体(MP)感染现状及早期诊断的意义。方法 检测181例就诊儿童血液标本分析MP感染的状况。结果 肺炎支原体感染率为29.8％;男性患儿MP检测阳性率(35.7％)明显高于女性患儿(16.4％)(P<0.01);5岁以下患儿阳性率超过50％,且有3例婴儿检测阳性;10-12月份支原体肺炎发病率明显增加,占全年的40.7％。结论 针对儿童支原体肺炎的发病情况,早诊断,早治疗,利于患儿尽早康复,防止肺部病变迁延及肺外并发症的发生。     

暴发流行的肺炎衣原体肺炎影像学表现分析

目的研究肺炎衣原体肺炎暴发流行的胸部影像学特征表现。方法对经过痰和咽试子标本,PCR,MIF检测证实的15例暴发流行的肺炎衣原体肺炎住院患者胸部X线和高分辨CT表现进行分析。结果本组暴发流行的肺炎衣原体肺炎患者均有发热,头痛,全身肌肉酸痛,干咳,声音嘶哑,咽痛等症状。肺部呼吸音减低或细湿啰音4例(26.7%),出现明显肺部影像学表现10例(66.7%)。10例暴发流行的肺炎衣原体肺炎常表现为多发或单发以小叶为中心阴影和腺泡状结节影(100%),病变以两中、下肺叶,外、中带分布;以小叶分布的气腔实变和磨玻璃样阴影(分别为100%和40%)和支气管血管束增厚(90%)。无肺门或纵隔淋巴结增大和胸腔积液。结论暴发流行的肺炎衣原体肺炎具有群体发病,临床和影像学表现有相似的特征,早期CT检查更能真实地反映病变大小、多少和分布范围。     

94例有肺外并发症的儿童肺炎支原体肺炎临床分析

目的探讨肺炎支原体肺炎（myeoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，MPP）临床、肺外并发症和诊治。方法对94例确诊为MPP患儿进行回顾性分析。结果发病多集中在学龄前及学龄儿童，3～10岁55例（58．4％），发热69例（73．4％），持续性咳嗽80例（85．1％），多数肺部可闻及干啰音，胸片呈斑点状阴影41例，呈阶段性肺炎26例，呈间质性损害16例，表现肺门影增浓11例，大多患者（84．0％）外周血白细胞总数正常，血红蛋白低于正常值29例，全部病例均有肺外并发症，72例静脉使用红霉素，后改阿奇霉素口服治疗，47例痊愈。结论MPP好发学龄前及学龄儿童，其肺外并发症常见，红霉素、阿奇霉素序贯治疗安全、疗效满意。     

Anti-gal-C antibody in autoimmune neuropathies subsequent to mycoplasma infection

Four of 82 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 1 of 12 with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), who previously had had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, had serum antibody to galactocerebroside (Gal-C). Two patients with GBS without mycoplasma infection also had anti-Gal-C antibody, whereas none of the normal or the disease controls had it. As Gal-C is a major glycolipid antigen in myelin, anti-Gal-C antibody may function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinative neuropathies. Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears to be an important preceding infectious agent in autoimmune neuropathies with anti-Gal-C antibody. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

应用质粒分析探讨医院内细菌感染的流行病学特点

为探讨医院内细菌感染的流行病学特点，作者借助临床分离的６４株肺为克雷伯菌，４５株阴沟肠杆菌和６３株醋酸钙不动杆菌，进行质粒图谱分３种细菌分别有５８株，３５株和４１株含有质粒，且分别构成４６个，２１个和２３个质粒图谱型。结果表明：质粒分析为查明医院内细菌感染源和感染途径提供了较为直接，准确的客观依据，同时也看到了质粒分析的局限性。     

Two genes for chloramphenicol resistance common to Staphylococci and streptococci

Southern blot hybridization and pneumococcal transformation were used to study the epidemiology at a molecular level of the genes for chloramphenicol resistance (cat) in streptococci and staphylococci. The cat gene of staphylococcal plasmid pC194 showed homology to the cat genes of the chromosomal elements of 5 different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and of Streptococcus agalactiae B109. DNA sequence homology was also detected between the cat gene of staphylococcal plasmid pC221 and the cat gene of broad host range conjugative plasmid pIP501, originally isolated from S. agalactiae. Two different cat genes appear to be present in clinical isolates of both streptococci and staphylococci.     

Viridans group streptococci: a reservoir of resistant bacteria in oral cavities

The worldwide spread of erythromycin A-resistant streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae , is of concern. Many studies have demonstrated that the viridans group streptococci can be a reservoir of erythromycin A resistance. Within oral streptoccoci, an important difference in the susceptibility pattern has been noted. The purpose of this short editorial is to highlight the importance of this group of bacteria as a reservoir of resistance to erythromycin A and the possible transfer of resistance to S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes.