手外科温箱的研制及临床应用

目的研究手外科温箱对手外伤患者伤口或创面愈合,以及再植手指或手成活的影响。方法同期对手外伤术后应用手外科温箱治疗59例,应用烤灯治疗54例,观察效果。结果手外科温箱治疗59例,再植手指成活率97%,伤口一期愈合率96％,感染率4%;烤灯治疗54例,再植手指成活率90％,伤口一期愈合率92％,感染率8％。结论手外科温箱能提供观察、照明、保温、保湿、供氧、消毒、操作等功能,再植手指成活率和伤口一期愈合率明显上升,感染率明显下降,是手外科必备治疗康复设备。     

Inhibition of warm ischemic injury to rat liver, pancreas, and heart grafts by controlling the nutritional status of both donor and recipient

In this study, we tested the effect of donor fasting with or without the use of an essential fatty acids deficiency (EFAD) diet in the recipient using rat heart, pancreas, and liver transplant models. We then compared the survivals, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) response, and white cell accumulation in rats in order to clarify the mechanisms of the beneficial effect of donor fasting and recipient EFAD. It was found that when the grafts were obtained from fasted donors and then transplanted into fed recipients, the survival rate was significantly higher for all three grafts than for those obtained from fed rats and transplanted into fed rats. The best survival was seen for pancreas grafts obtained from fasted donors and then transplanted into EFAD recipients. TNF-α secretion was significantly suppressed in both fasted and EFAD rats, and both the total cell count and neutrophil count were suppressed in EFAD rats. These results clearly indicate that in addition to liver grafts, both heart and pancreas grafts obtained from fasted animals are more tolerant to warm ischemic injury. Furthermore, the combination of donor fasting and recipient EFAD acts synergistically to inhibit the post-transplantation inflammatory reaction (through decreased TNF-α secretion and white cell accumulation), thus resulting in an improved survival.     

Local thermal sensation and finger vasoconstriction in the locally heated hand

Summary The effects of local heating on finger blood flow (BF) and local thermal sensation (Sens _w ) were studied. Finger BFs in both hands were measured simultaneously; one hand was immersed in water the temperature (T _w ) of which was raised from 35° C to 43°C by steps of 2° C every 10 min, while the other hand was kept atT _w 35°C. FingerBF in the locally heated hand decreased atT _w 37 to 41°C, while fingerBF in the control hand did not alter. Sens_w, in the heated hand showed a dynamic response, initially increasing concomitantly with an increase inT _w , then gradually returning and adapting to a new level of Sens_w. The dynamic response of Sens_w, was not perceived during mental calculation even whenT _w was raised to 40°C, and the reduction in finger blood flow was not observed. These results suggest that finger vasoconstriction caused by local heating closely relates to the dynamic response characteristic of local thermal sensation atT _w above core temperature, and that the perception of local thermal sensation in the central nervous system is involved in the mechanism of this vasoconstrictor response.     

公民逝世后器官捐献原位肝移植后早期肝功能不全的危险因素分析

目的 观察公民逝世后器官捐献原位肝移植术后早期肝功能不全（early allograft dysfunction,EAD）的发生情况,探讨早期肝功能不全的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月间我院65例行肝移植供、受体资料。根据术后情况将患者分为EAD组（n=29）及非EAD组（n=35）。对相关因素先进行单因素分析,然后将统计学差异的因素进行多因素Logistic回归模型分析。结果 65例原位肝移植患者术后早期肝功能不全的患者有29例,发生率为44.6%。单因素分析显示EAD组与非EAD组供体血清钠[（157.53±21.71）mmol/L vs（146.06±15.24）mmol/L,P=0.019]、热缺血时间[（21.6±6.5）min vs（10.6±4.3）min,P=0.016]、冷缺血时间[（8.3±1.2）h vs（5.4±1.2）h,P=0.012]、ICU住院时间[（78.1±19.5）h vs（49.7±17.6）h,P=0.007]及受体的无肝期时间[（98.3±16.3）h vs（66.0±17.6）h,P=0.037]差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示影响术后早期肝功能不全的独立危险因素为供体血清钠水平（OR 18.372,95%CI 1.846～24.173,P=0.019）及热缺血时间（OR 8.105,95%CI 1.513～37.205,P=0.013）。结论 供体血清钠水平及热缺血时间是公民逝世后器官原位肝移植术后EAD的独立危险因素。     

常温氧合血性心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护效应的实验研究

目的　采用随机对比的实验研究方法从测定心肌酶学、氧自由基代谢产物及心肌特异性蛋白几个方面来探讨冷晶体心停搏液间断灌注及常温氧合血性心停搏液连续灌注两种灌注方法的心肌保护效应。方法１４只犬随机分为①对照组：冷晶体心停搏液间断灌注;②实验组：常温氧合血性心停搏液连续灌注。采集不同时点的犬冠状静脉窦血为测定标本,测定心肌特异性酶ＣＫ－ＭＢ、心肌特异性钙蛋白Ｔ（ｃＴｎ－Ｔ）,氧自由基代谢产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）。结果对照组在主动脉开放后,ＣＫ－ＭＢ、ＭＤＡ、ｃＴｎ－Ｔ明显升高,实验组升高幅度较小。两组间比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论常温氧合血性心停搏液连续灌注,可以充分保证心肌在常温停跳期间的血供和氧供,避免了心肌缺血缺氧,明显地减轻了心肌缺血再灌注损伤,是一种非缺血性、比较理想的心肌保护方法。     

The protective effect of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor against ischemic liver injury

To evaluate the role of thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) in ischemic liver injury, the serum changes in thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F₁ alpha (6-K-PGF₁) following warm ischemia of the total canine liver were examined, and the protective effect of a TXA₂ synthetase inhibitor was assessed. Total liver ischemia was performed for 60 min on two groups of dogs: a control group, in which ischemia alone was performed, and an OKY-046 group, which received a TXA₂ synthetase inhibitor. A temporary active portacaval shunt was used to eliminate the effects of splanchnic venous stasis during clamping of the hepatic pedicle. Postoperative changes in liver function, assessed by the transaminase enzyme levels, and in prostaglandins were recorded and the histologic liver findings of both groups 1 week after ischemia were compared. The levels of 6-K-PGF₁ increased after reperfusion in both groups, while those of TXB₂ increased in the control group but maintained low levels in the OKY-046 group. Liver function was better and histologic changes less marked in the OKY-046 group than in the control group, suggesting the important role of TXA₂ in ischemic liver injury and the usefulness of a TXA₂ synthetase inhibitor for protecting the liver against ischemic injury.     

浅谈王士雄对疫病的防治

论述清代著名温病学家王士雄对疫病的防治思想，从环境卫生、住房、饮食及药物防治等方面作了总结，其经验对后世疫病防治具有一定的现实意义。     

伏暑病因及辨治源流考

从病名、病因病机、辨证治疗三个方面总结历代医家对伏暑的认识。认为伏暑起源于《黄帝内经》,《丹溪心法附余》最早将伏暑定为病名。直至清代各医家才明确认识到,伏暑是由于夏月摄生不慎,感受暑邪,潜伏体内,至秋季为时令之邪所引发的一类温病。伏暑的病因包括内因和外因两种,而外因又有先因与诱因之分,伏暑的发病与邪气性质、正气强弱、季节时令三方面因素密切相关。历代医家分别从辨邪气性质、三焦辨证、脏腑辨证等不同辨证体系进行治疗。辨伏邪的性质需先辨明是暑热还是暑湿,再分虚实,三焦辨证是以三焦为纲分别对太阴、阳明、少阴、厥阴伏暑加以论治,脏腑辨证则是根据邪气所伏脏腑之不同探讨相应治法。     

Outcomes of Donation After Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation in Australia

Background

Transplantation of hearts retrieved from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors is an evolving clinical practice.

基于中医临床证候探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎在岭南地区的疫性特点

目的:通过分析广东省第二人民医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)患者的临床资料,从中医临床证候探讨该病在岭南地区的疫性特点,更好地指导临床辨证治疗。方法:收集广东省第二人民医院收治的36例新冠肺炎患者的临床资料,其中输入病例20例,本地病例16例,分析全部病例、输入病例和本地病例的临床资料和证候特点。结果:新冠肺炎患者年龄分布较广,平均年龄45岁,以男性居多,55.56%的患者为外地输入病例,44.44%的患者为本地感染病例。全部病例证型以湿邪郁肺型和邪热壅肺型为主,分别占44.44%和38.89%;91.67%的患者呈现“湿”的病理特点,72.22%的患者呈现“热”的病理特点。其中输入病例证型以湿邪郁肺型为主,占65.00%,100%的患者呈现“湿”的病理特点,55.00%呈现“热”的病理特点;本地病例证型以邪热壅肺为主,占56.25%,93.75%的患者呈现“热”的病理特点,81.25%呈现“湿”的病理特点。结论:本次疫病在岭南地区的疫性属于以湿邪和热邪为主导的“湿热疫”,病机特点为湿热并重;输入性病例多表现为以湿邪为患的“湿疫”,有化热的趋势和倾向,病机特点为湿重于热;本地病例多表现为以热邪为主的“温热疫”,病机特点为热重于湿。此次新冠肺炎不同地区存在不同疫性的可能,辨证和治疗要遵守三因制宜的原则。