腹腔热灌注化疗在卵巢癌术后的应用探讨

目的：探讨卵巢癌术后腹腔热灌注化疗的可行性、安全性及短期疗效。方法：对2002年7月至2005年12月收治的25例卵巢癌，术中均行根治或姑息性切除；对直径≥0．5cm的腹腔内转移灶用电刀减量戮灭。术后第1d开始，每日腹腔热灌注化疗1次，每次60-90min，一般4次为1疗程，共计做98次。结果：循环通畅率96．9％（62／64），治疗时间内腹腔内温度82％达到41℃以上，各出水管温度均超过41℃，并保持60～90min。并发症及毒副反应有：轻度腹腔感染2例，腹痛4例，恶心呕吐2例，转氨酶轻度升高1例。随访6～27个月，术后每3个月复查1次B超或CT，腹腔转移3例，腹腔转移率为18．8％，1例术后6个月死于全身广泛转移，另1例术后13个月死于腹腔转移及肝转移。最长1例随访时间为29个月，现仍存活。结论：术后早期腹腔热灌注化疗安全，腹腔内温度较均匀，可多次进行，并发症少且毒副反应小，有利于卵巢癌术后腹腔内较小的残余癌或游离癌细胞的杀灭。     

松果体和褪黑激素通过下丘脑影响大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光(英文)

目的:研究松果体和褪黑激素(Mel)是否通过下丘脑影响腹腔巨噬细胞功能.方法:松果体切除术;腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光测定;下丘脑地诺前列酮放射免疫测定;下丘脑注射Mel.结果:松果体切除后腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光值降低,下丘脑地诺前列酮含量升高,16:00 ip Mel(10 μg kg~(-1)d~(-1)×7d)可使其恢复,并升高正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光值,降低其下丘脑地诺前列酮含量.腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光值与下丘脑地诺前列酮含量的变化存在负相关(相关系数,r=-0.78,P<0.01).于下丘脑注射Mel 2μg,能提高正常大鼠和松果体切除大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光值.结论:下丘脑是松果体Mel影响腹腔巨噬细胞功能的主要作用部位之一.     

奥沙利铂持续腹腔热灌注治疗癌性腹水的临床研究

目的研究奥沙利铂(L-OHP)持续腹腔热灌注治疗癌性腹水的疗效和毒副作用。方法将76例癌性腹水患者随机分为三组:奥沙利铂持续腹腔热灌注化疗组(热化组)26例,引出腹水后,在加热的5%葡萄糖溶液2500～3500ml中加入L-OHP200mg/m2,持续体外循环腹腔热灌注,腹腔内温度保持在41～43℃,持续60min;腹腔内注射奥沙利铂化疗组(单化组)26例,常规腹腔穿刺引流腹水后注射L-OHP200mg/m2。单纯腹腔热灌注组(单热组)24例,加热5%葡萄糖溶液2500～3500ml,持续热灌注60min。结果总有效率(CR PR)54%(41/76)。热化组、单化组和单热组的有效率分别为76.9%(20/26)、50.0%(13/26)、33.3%(8/24),P<0.05。急性腹痛:热化组53.8%(14/26),单热组16.7%(4/24)。单化组无急性腹痛病例,P<0.05。麻痹性肠梗阻:热化组19.2%(5/26),单化组7.7%(2/26),单热组16.7%(4/24),P>0.05。结论奥沙利铂持续腹腔热灌注治疗恶性腹水是一种新的有效的治疗方法,毒副作用不大。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨黄芪干预腹膜纤维化的机制

目的 运用网络药理学方法及分子对接技术探讨黄芪干预腹膜纤维化的可能机制。方法 利用中药系统药理学数据库及分析平台(TCMSP)检索黄芪的主要化学成分及靶点,并补充文献报道相关药理作用的成分作为潜在活性成分。以"peritoneal fibrosis"为关键词分别在OMIM、Genecards获取目前已知的与腹膜纤维化相关的疾病靶点,后取两者的交集靶点;对交集基因通过STRING数据库与Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建"药物-成分-靶点-疾病"网络及蛋白互作(PPI)网络并筛选核心网络。基于R软件使用Bioconductor生物信息软件对核心靶点进行GO及KEGG富集分析,最终采用AutoDock软件将主要有效成分与核心靶点进行分子对接,得出其结合能力。结果 筛选出20个黄芪活性成分及文献报道有相关药理作用4个, 457药物作用靶点,与674个腹膜纤维化病靶点取交集,得到86个共同靶点。GO功能富集分析提示黄芪拮抗腹膜纤维化主要参与了蛋白激酶B信号转导的调节、细胞对化学的应激反应、炎症反应的调节等通路; KEGG通路富集分析主要涉及调控肿瘤、磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt)、晚期糖基化终末产物/晚期糖基化终末产物受体(AGE-RAGE)、人类巨细胞病毒感染、HIF-1信号通路等;分子对接结果显示关键靶点与活性成分具有较好的结合能力。结论 黄芪治疗腹膜纤维化的分子机制,可能与抑制炎症及氧化应激反应、调节多种信号通路等相关。     

姑息性胃切除联合术后化疗评分在腹膜转移的胃癌患者预后评估中的临床意义

目的:探讨姑息性胃切除联合术后化疗评分在腹膜转移的胃癌患者预后评估中的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年12月7年间收治的287例发生腹膜转移的胃癌患者的临床病理资料。通过χ2检验分析评分与患者临床病理因素间的关系。通过Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Log-rank检验比较患者生存率的差异；采用Cox比例风险回归模型对患者进行预后分析。结果:与评分中得分为2分和1分的患者相比，得分为0分的患者肿瘤侵润至T4b 期的患者较少［31%(18/58)比50.8%(63/124)、56.2%(59/105)，P=0.039］。全组患者的中位生存时间仅为8.7月。对患者进行单因素预后分析结果显示，血清白蛋白浓度（≤40 g/L），腹水，腹膜转移范围较大，肿瘤T分期较晚，评分得分较高的患者预后较差（均P＜0.05）。将上述因素纳入Cox多因素分析结果显示:评分［HR（95%CI）:1.384（1.165~1.644），P=0.000］，血清白蛋白浓度［HR（95%CI）:0.759（0.593~0.971），P=0.028］，肿瘤T分期［HR（95%CI）:1.493（1.216~1.832），P=0.000］是患者预后的独立危险因素。结论:评分对于胃癌伴腹膜转移患者的预后生存评估具有重要的临床意义。     

Peritoneal tuberculosis simulating advanced ovarian carcinoma: is clinical impression sufficient to administer neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer?

Abstract.   Gurbuz A, Karateke A, Kabaca C, Kir G, Cetingoz E. Peritoneal tuberculosis simulating advanced ovarian carcinoma: is clinical impression sufficient to administer neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(Suppl. 1): 307–312.
Peritoneal tuberculosis mimics advanced ovarian cancer because of the similarities in clinical signs and symptoms such as ascites, pelvic and abdominal pain and mass, and elevation of serum CA125 level. We have presented four cases of peritoneal tuberculosis that underwent exploratory laparotomy for suspected advanced ovarian cancer during a 3-year period. Definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis was performed at laparotomy in all the cases. The frozen-section analysis seems to be the gold standard in the differential diagnosis. In view of these data, clinical diagnosis of advanced ovarian cancer is not sufficient for administering neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cytologic or pathologic findings must be consistent with ovarian cancer for candidates who are being considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

Peritoneal dialysis patient survival: a comparison between a Swedish and a Korean centre.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patient mortality remains high, and this high mortality may be due to many factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, old age, co-morbid diseases, malnutrition, low residual renal function (RRF) and a high peritoneal transport rate have been shown to influence survival, but the relative importance of these factors may differ between different patient populations. Besides, centre practice patterns may differ between centres and may influence patient survival. In addition, the literature suggests that dialysis patient survival may be better in Asian than in Caucasian patients. METHODS: The influence of centre and patient characteristics on patient survival was investigated in 132 Korean and 106 Swedish incident PD patients, who underwent initial biochemical measurements and assessment of adequacy of dialysis, nutritional status, RRF and peritoneal transport characteristics. RESULTS: At the start of PD, Korean patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, peritoneal Kt/V(urea), peritoneal creatinine clearance and peritoneal fluid removal, and lower body mass index, RRF and dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P Cr) compared with Swedish patients. Significantly more patients from Korea were placed on temporary haemodialysis before PD (100 out of 132) when compared with Swedish patients (21 out of 106). During the follow-up, there was a significantly higher rate of transfer to other units in Korea and a significantly higher rate of kidney transplantation in Sweden. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall patient survival did not differ and relative risk for death was also not different between the two centres even after adjustment for age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, RRF and D/P Cr. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, RRF and D/P Cr were found to be independent predictors of mortality in the combined cohort of patients. While age, diabetes and D/P Cr were independent predictors of mortality in Korean patients, age and RRF independently predicted mortality in Swedish patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in centre and patient characteristics, we were unable to confirm a survival advantage for Korean over Swedish PD patients. The results of this study suggest that the reported difference in survival between Asian and Caucasian dialysis patients may have been due, in part, to differences in centre and patient characteristics rather than to race as such. The genetic influence on patient characteristics remains, however, to be elucidated.     

沙培林增强人腹腔巨噬细胞抗癌免疫功能的研究

目的:探讨腹腔内注射沙培林增强人腹腔抗癌免疫功能的机制。方法:72例早中期胃肠道肿瘤患者术前48h和24h腹腔内分别注射生理盐水和5KE的沙培林,术中采集腹腔内巨噬细胞,计数并测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性,巨噬细胞吞噬活力,一氧化氮(NO)的分泌以及对人胃癌MKN1细胞的细胞毒性进行分析。同时采集大网膜,对大网膜乳斑的数量和面积进行观察。结果:沙培林显著增加腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦ)的数量和NO的分泌,增强LDH和ACP的活性,吞噬活力,以及抗癌细胞毒性,也显著增加了大网膜乳斑的数量和面积。结论:腹腔内注射沙培林可显著增加人大网膜乳斑的数量和面积,并因此增加PMΦ的数量,增强PMΦ的活性。因而增强了腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫功能。