Efficacy and safety of cold snare polypectomy for sessile serrated polyps ≥ 10 mm: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundCold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a promising technique for the removal of sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) ≥ 10 mm. However, the efficacy and safety of this technique remain undetermined.AimsWe aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of CSP for SSPs ≥ 10 mm.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2021.ResultsA total of 10 studies consisting of 1727 SSPs (range, 10–40 mm) from 1021 patients were included. The overall rates of technical success, adverse events (AEs) and residual SSPs were 100%, 0.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the rates of technical success and AEs were comparable between CSP and cold endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (99.9% vs. 100% and 1.3% vs. 0.5%, respectively), between the proximal and distal colon (100% vs. 99.9% and 0.3% vs. 0, respectively), and between polyps of 10–19 mm and ≥20 mm (99.8% vs. 100% and 0.9% vs. 0, respectively). However, subgroup analysis showed that the rate of residual SSPs was slightly lower in CSP compared with cold EMR (1.3% vs. 3.9%), as well as in polyps of 10–19 mm compared with those ≥20 mm (3.1% vs. 4.7%).ConclusionCSP was an effective and safe technique for removing SSPs ≥ 10 mm.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎中医认识初探

新型冠状病毒肺炎中医属"寒湿疫"范畴,以湿邪为病机核心,以肺为病位中心,以脾胃盛衰为疾病进退的关键。治疗与预防调护方面,急性期,卫气同调,宜宣清和化;恢复期,肺脾同治,宜清补轻宣,注重饮食、情志调摄;谨慎使用抗病毒、抗生素、激素及液体疗法。     

运用六经辨证治疗子嗽探析

妊娠期间,咳嗽不已,称"妊娠咳嗽",亦称"子嗽",孕妇咳嗽日久未见好转,咳嗽胸痛甚则咳而呕吐,或咳嗽剧烈或久咳不愈,可损伤胎气,导致堕胎、小产。笔者运用六经辨证治疗外感型中表寒里热证子嗽,认为此类患者病在太阳阳明,属于寒热错杂之表寒里热,采用《伤寒论》中方证麻杏甘石汤合止嗽散,使热从外泄,宣发卫气,散寒不助热、解表不伤正,故辨证论治取得了显著的疗效。同时子嗽治疗还需注意健脾固肾安胎,应将顾护胎元贯穿治疗妊娠咳嗽的始终。     

幼儿不同跑步着地方式的生物力学特征

文题释义：跑：跑是双脚交替接触地面的周期性运动，但跑有一个双脚都离开地面的腾空期。幼儿在 1 岁多开始学习跑步，最初是走跑结合的移动方式，由于身体发育不完善，下肢力量弱，平衡能力差，容易摔倒；到 2.5岁，幼儿跑步的腾空阶段明显；到 6岁，早期跑步的特点基本消失。 着地方式：指的是人体在跑步着地阶段足部接触地面的方式，一般分为3种方式：分别为足跟着地(fore foot strike)，跟骨先接触地面；全足着地(mid foot strike)，全脚掌着地，即足跟与前足同时接触地面；前足着地(rear foot strike)：前足部首先接触地面。 背景：成年人跑步着地方式一直是国内外学者研究的重点，而幼儿跑步的着地方式也是不容忽视的内容。 目的：运用生物力学方法探究幼儿在跑步过程中，不同着地方式下的运动学和动力学指标的差异，为幼儿正确的跑步着地方式提供科学依据。 方法：在北京市海淀区某公立幼儿园中随机抽取幼儿74名，按年龄分为3岁组、4岁组、5岁组，采用BTS红外动作捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和VIXTA录像解析系统同步采集幼儿跑步过程中不同着地方式下的运动学、动力学数据；运用Anybody 5.2仿真建模软件计算下肢肌肉力量指标。试验前向受试者父母详细解释并签署知情同意书，试验方案符合北京师范大学的相关伦理要求。 结果与结论：①3岁组全足着地的比例最高，足跟着地的比例最低，5岁组全足着地的比例最低，足跟着地的比例最高；前足着地者的蹬伸时间大于足跟着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地(P < 0.05)；②着地时刻，踝屈曲角度足跟着地者大于前足着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地者(P < 0.05)，全足着地者大于前足着地(P < 0.05)；前足着地者髋内收-外展角度、最大髋内收-外展角、髋内-收外展的关节变化量及最大膝内收-外展角速度大于足跟着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地者(P < 0.05)；前足着地者的踝屈伸最小值大于足跟着地者(P < 0.05)，而最大髋内收-外展角速度小于足跟着地者(P < 0.05)；③足跟着地和全足着地者的腓骨短肌、腓骨长肌、第三腓骨肌的肌力大于前足着地者(P < 0.05)，前足着地者的股中间肌、股外侧肌下束、股外侧肌上束、股内侧肌下束、股内侧肌上束、股内侧肌中束肌力均大于足跟着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地者(P < 0.05)；④结果提示：在3-6岁阶段，幼儿多采用足跟或全足着地模式进行奔跑，以满足自己在跑步过程的稳定性，随着年龄的增长，逐渐出现前足着地方式的跑步模式；前足着地能够动用更多髋关节和膝关节额状面的运动来维持人体运动中的稳定，足跟着地和全足着地能够动用更多的小腿前侧和后侧的肌力，而前足着地动用更多的大腿前侧肌力。 ORCID: 0000-0002-8337-3931(赵盼超) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程     

64层螺旋CT在糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的诊断价值

目的评价64层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的临床价值。方法对90例可疑下肢血管病变的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者进行64层螺旋CT血管造影检查,对所有扫描原始数据行容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(M IP),冠状、矢状面多平面重组(MPR)以及曲面重建(CPR)。结果64层螺旋CT下肢血管造影检查可以清晰显示自髂总至足背整个动脉系统病变的准确部位、范围及侧枝血管。90例患者中67例(77%)患者血管呈不同程度粥样硬化表现。其中轻或中度狭窄49例(56.3%),重度狭窄18例(20.7%),7例(8%)完全闭塞患者可见侧枝循环血管形成。结论64层螺旋CT下肢血管造影,对糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断和治疗具有重要价值。     

下肢静脉性溃疡外科治疗方法探讨

目的探讨治疗下肢静脉溃疡有效、简单的方法。方法清除下肢静脉溃疡分泌物及坏死组织,创面以胰岛素与庆大霉素混合液湿敷,创面清洁后行常规手术,术后继续用上述方法处理创面。结果全部溃疡创面在1￣6周内愈合,术后35例随诊最短4个月,最长6年无溃疡复发。结论下肢静脉性溃疡应早期手术,术前、术后用胰岛素和庆大霉素混合液湿敷溃疡创面是一种简单、安全、经济、治疗时间短的有效方法。     

下肢复杂骨折交锁髓内钉治疗粉碎骨折螺钉辅助固定的意义

[目的]探索在交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂骨折中粉碎骨折块辅助固定的意义。[方法]下肢复杂骨折78例根据AO分型均为C型骨折，通过交锁髓内钉内固定，辅以拉力螺钉固定。[结果]术后摄片骨折及骨折块达解剖或功能复位，随诊6～24个月，优良率为94．88％（74／78例）。[结论]四肢复杂骨折治疗中，粉碎骨折块的螺钉辅助固定能够加强交锁髓内钉的稳定性，减少断钉、断棒现象，有利于骨折愈合。     

冷凝集阳性患者的体外循环处理

目的 探讨体外循环(CPB)术中发生冷凝集试验阳性的处理经验。方法 采用最适宜的温度(鼻咽温31．5℃—32．5℃，肛温34℃～35℃)，常温高钾停跳液，CPB大剂量抑肽酶和皮质激素的应用及激活全血凝血时间(ACT)的严格监测等等。结果 术中阻断主动脉65min，心脏自动复跳，术后无中枢神经系统并发症及血红蛋白尿。结论对CPB术中发生冷凝集试验阳性的病人采取综合性的防救措施可以有效的防止红细胞凝集、溶血等不良反应，确保手术安全。     

Does dye laser treatment with higher fluences in combination with cold air cooling improve the results of port‐wine stains?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of cold air cooling (CAC) and cryogen spray cooling during dye laser treatment of port-wine stains (PWS) has become a standard in recent years. Still unsolved is the question of which fluences are necessary in combination with CAC in order to achieve an optimum clearance and the lowest possible rate of side-effects. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study, we treated 11 patients with PWS with pulsed dye laser (Photogenica V, Cynosure, lambda = 585 nm, iota(p) = 0.5 ms, spot size = 7 mm). Each PWS was partitioned into three areas: (area 1) 6 J/cm(2) without CAC, (area 2) 6 J/cm(2) with CAC (level 4), (area 3) 9 J/cm(2) with CAC (level 4). RESULTS: Area 3 (mean, 59%) showed a slightly better clearance than area 1 (mean, 57%); in area 2, we observed a reduced clearance (mean, 45%). Compared with area 1, we achieved a reduction of pain through CAC in areas 2 and 3. The healing periods as well as the rate of side-effects were comparable in all areas. CONCLUSION: We observed a slight but not statistically relevant increase in clearance with the use of higher fluences and CAC compared with lower fluences without CAC. Because pain is lowered significantly when using CAC, and because this makes the treatment more comfortable for the patients, we tend to recommend the use of higher fluences (9 J/cm(2)) with simultaneous CAC for treating PWS.     

Congenital defects of lower limbs and associated malformations: A population based study

As part of a detailed study of limb defects and associated patterns of congenital malformations, cases with lower limb deficiencies were analysed separately. We identified a total of 130 cases with deficiencies of the lower limbs without defects of the upper limbs. This gives an incidence of 1.07/10,000 livebirths, or 1/9,337 for this group of limb defects. Most common were femur deficiencies and deficiencies of the foot. A preponderance of males was found in the group of transverse defects of the leg (fibula/tibia deficiencies) and central axis deficiencies, while females had significantly more often longitudinal tibia defects and preaxial ray defects. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.