黄柏炮制前后生物碱和柠檬苦素类成分的变化研究

目的分析黄柏在不同温度下进行模拟炮制后,不同炮制品中主要化学成分的变化情况,为解析黄柏不同炮制品的科学内涵提供参考依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法检测黄柏不同炮制品中生物碱类成分小檗碱、小檗红碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀和柠檬苦素类成分黄柏内酯、黄柏酮。生物碱类成分检测的色谱条件为Ecosil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–0.1%磷酸水(50∶50)(每100 m L 0.1%磷酸水加十二烷基硫酸钠0.4 g);检测波长:284 nm;体积流量:1m L/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:3μL。柠檬苦素类成分检测的色谱条件为Ecosil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–水–磷酸(45∶55∶0.2);检测波长:210 nm;体积流量:1 m L/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:10μL。结果直接烘制品、水润烘制品、酒润烘制品、盐水润烘制品在最佳炮制温度160℃下,总生物碱的质量分数分别为3.009 6%、2.993 1%、3.989 6%、4.537 9%,其中酒润烘制品和盐水润烘制品均较生品3.528 2%高,提示黄柏经辅料炮制后有利于生物碱类成分的溶出,且增加溶出率的是辅料盐和酒,而非水。当炮制温度达到160℃以上时,在相应炮制温度下的直接烘制品和水润烘制品中柠檬苦素类成分质量分数未见明显差异,酒润烘制品和盐水润烘制品随着温度的升高其质量分数相差较大,提示水对黄柏炮制过程中的柠檬苦素类成分基本没有影响,酒、盐炮制具有影响。结论黄柏经炮制后生物碱类和柠檬苦素类成分会发生量变和质变,辅料和温度对其成分的变化有直接的影响,本研究可为黄柏炮制后药性发生改变与其化学成分的变化具有相关性提供参考和依据。     

RP—HPLC法测定黄柏中小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱的含量

目的:建立了用外标法对黄柏中小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱同时定量的测定方法,考察小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱的含量与其产地的关系。方法:高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Kromasil-C_(18)(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-乙腈-0.1mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠(磷酸调pH为3.0)-2g·L~(-1)十二烷基硫酸钠-三乙胺(25∶25∶25∶25∶0.2),流速:1.0mL·min~(-1),检测波长:230nm,柱温:室温。结果:小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱色谱峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别是:盐酸小檗碱:21～495μg·mL~(-1),Y=3.144×10~6X 8.644×10~4,r=0.9999;盐酸巴马汀:2.0～40μg·mL~(-1),Y=7.570×10~5X 1.622×10~3,r=0.9999;盐酸药根碱:0.32～13μg·mL~(-1),Y=4.649×10~5X 2.161×10~3,r=0.9999。平均回收率小檗碱为98.0%,RSD为2.9%;巴马汀为97.7%,RSD为2.7%;药根碱为97.5%,RSD为2.4%。结论:本方法测定了21个不同产地的黄柏样品中小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱含量,该方法分离度好,简便,重现性好。     

Oxygen activation by photoexcited protoberberinium alkaloids from Mahonia aquifolium

Protoberberinium salts, i.e. berberine (I), palmatine (II) and jatrorrhizine (III) prepared from Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. belong to isoquinoline alkaloids possessing interesting biological activity (e.g. antibacterial, antimalarial, antitumor). The characteristic UV/Vis absorption band maxima of I-III iodide salts were found in regions 350 and 425 nm in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol solvents, and were only negligibly influenced by substitution changes on the C-2 and C-3 positions. The fluorescence intensity of protoberberinium salts monitored in ethanol solutions was significantly lowered by iodide counter-ions, and decreased in the order berberine > palmatine > jatrorrhizine. EPR spectroscopy supplied evidence of the formation of super-oxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen upon irradiation of berberine in oxygenated DMSO solvent. The photochemical generation of O(2) (.-) and (1)O(2) in DMSO solutions of palmatine and jatrorrhizine was substantially lower, and probably reflected the replacement of a photolabile methylenedioxy group at C-2 and C-3 positions in the berberine molecule by two methoxy groups in palmatine, and methoxyl (C-2) and hydroxyl (C-3) substitution in jatrorrhizine. Additionally, the powder EPR spectra of protoberberinium iodides I-III measured at 290 K revealed the presence of single-line EPR signals (g(eff) = 2.0044), which were attributed to hydroperoxidic structures produced by the autoxidation process. The photochemical reactions of protoberbenium salts producing reactive oxygen species after UVA excitation should be integrated in biological activity investigations, as well as in their applications in skin disorder treatment.     

金果榄化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物（Q-Marker）预测分析

金果榄为喉科要药,民间常用于治疗炎症和胃痛等,疗效显著,为苗、壮、瑶族等少数民族习用药物;同时被《中国药典》收载,具有清热解毒、利咽止痛等功效。现代药理学研究表明金果榄具有抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗氧化等药理作用,化学成分以二萜类、生物碱类和甾体类为主,其中克罗烷型二萜如古伦宾、异喹啉类生物碱如巴马汀为主要活性成分。对金果榄的化学成分、药理作用和安全性评价进行综述,并从植物亲缘学及成分特异性、成分与中药有效性的关联、成分可测性等方面对金果榄的质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)进行预测分析,并预测古伦宾、巴马汀、药根碱、非洲防己碱、木兰花碱等可作为其Q-Marker,为建立和完善其质量标准提供参考。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定三棵针中3种生物碱的含量

目的:建立毛细管区带电泳同时测定不同产地三棵针中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀含量的方法。方法:空心石英毛细管(75 cm×50μm)柱,以50 mmol.L-1硼砂-甲醇(2∶1)的溶液为电泳介质,运行电压25 kV,柱温15℃,检测波长230 nm。结果:盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱及盐酸巴马汀分别在0.816 8～32.672 0 mg.L-1(r2=0.999 4),0.852 0～8.520 0 mg.L-1(r2=0.999 5),0.815 2～8.152 0 mg.L-1(r2=0.999 6)线性关系良好;其平均加样回收率分别为103.8%(RSD 1.14%),100.7%(RSD 3.46%),100.2%(RSD 2.87%)。结论:实验方法快速简便,准确可靠,适用于三棵针等药材中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸药根碱的含量测定。     

云南青牛胆块根的化学成分研究

目的 对云南青牛胆块根的化学成分进行研究。 方法 用常压硅胶柱色谱、反相色谱、薄层色谱及Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果 分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为古伦宾(columbin,1 )、非洲防己苷C(palmatoside C,2)、去氧黄藤苦素(绿白黄藤素,fibleucin,3)、巴马亭(palmatine,4)、药根碱(jatrorrhizine,5)、非洲防己碱(columbamine,6)、2hydroxyecdysone(7)、abutasterone(8)、2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9)、(+)lyoniresinol2α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10)和α-D-glucopyranosyl(2→1)α-D-glucopyranoside(11)。     

Hypoglycemic Activity of Jatrorrhizine

Summary： The hypoglycemic activity and its mechanism of Jatrorrhizine （Jat） were studied. The normal mice and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice were given with different doses of Jat. Blood glucose and liver glycogen levels were determined by spectrophotometry with glucose-oxidase and iodine reagents respectively. The levels of blood lactic acid （LC） and liver lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity were measured to explore the effect of Jat on anaerobic glycolysis. Succinate dehydrogenase （SDH） activity in liver was measured to evaluate the effect of Jat on aerobic glycolysis in liver. It was found that Jat （50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg） could significantly decrease blood glucose level in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both normal and alloxan-diabetic mice, increase the activity of SDH, but had no significant effects on the LC level and LDH activity. Jat could significantly reduce the content of liver glycogen in normal mice. Moreover, Jat could inhibit the platelet aggregation in rabbits in vitro in a dose-effect relationship. It was concluded that Jat induced the pronounced decrease in blood glucose in normal and hyperglycemic mice. The hypoglycemic activity of Jat may be attributed to the enhancement of aerobic glycolysis.     

吴茱萸次碱对5种黄连生物碱大鼠体外肝代谢的抑制作用

目的 考察吴茱萸主要成分吴茱萸次碱对黄连中5种生物碱肝代谢的抑制作用,为深入研究黄连吴茱萸药对配伍机制提供依据。方法 采用大鼠体外肝微粒体温孵法,考察吴茱萸次碱对黄连中5种生物碱（黄连碱、表小檗碱、小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱）肝代谢的抑制作用。结果 吴茱萸次碱对黄连碱、表小檗碱、小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱均存在体外肝代谢抑制作用,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）均大于50 μmol/L,表现为体外弱抑制作用;抑制常数（K_i）的差异性具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,抑制作用强弱程度顺序为小檗碱>药根碱>巴马汀>表小檗碱>黄连碱。结论 为了解吴茱萸对黄连生物碱主要作用环节和揭示黄连吴茱萸药对配伍机制提供依据。     

新疆特色药材黑果小檗薄层鉴别方法研究

目的建立新疆特色药材黑果小檗的薄层鉴别系统。方法以盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱为对照品,对黑果小檗药材进行薄层鉴别,并考察不同展开系统、不同点样量、不同薄层板、不同检视方式、不同温度、不同湿度对黑果小檗药材薄层色谱的影响。结果以盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱为对照品,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-异丙醇-氨水(6∶3∶2∶1.5∶0.5)为展开系统,黑果小檗药材薄层鉴别特征明显,专属性强。结论该方法可行,重复性好,可作为黑果小檗药材的薄层鉴别方法。     

HPLC法测定黄柏生物碱成分含量及在二妙丸类方中的比较研究

目的:比较黄柏生物碱配伍二妙丸类方前后含量的变化,探讨类方方剂物质基础配伍变化的特征。方法:采用HPLC,Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(50∶50,每100 mL加十二烷基磺酸钠0.17 g),流速0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长345 nm。测定黄柏及其二妙丸类方(二妙方、三妙方、四妙方、加味四妙方)中小檗碱、巴马汀及药根碱成分含量。结果:3种生物碱在四妙方中含量基本没变化,在二妙方、三妙方中含量减少,在加味四妙方中减少较多,药根碱较小檗碱、巴马汀在二妙丸类方中减少量大。结论:黄柏配伍二妙丸类方后,黄柏生物碱成分在基本方二妙及不同类方中呈现一定的变化规律。