中老年高尿酸血症预防知识与行为状况的调查研究

[目的]通过对中老年高尿酸血症的预防知识与行为状况的调查，分析预防护理知识缺乏的原因。[方法]2003年1月-2005年2月来我院查体与就诊者年龄在40岁以上的中老年人685例，分为高尿酸组123例，非高尿酸组562例，进行血压（BP）、血尿酸（URIC）、体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（GLU）、血清胆固醇（CHOL）、三酰甘油（TG）、血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（CREA）等指标对比观察。同时采用问卷调查方法，对123例高尿酸血症者进行预防护理知识与行为状况的调壶分析。[结果]在685例调查者中有123例（17．96％）血尿酸高，在高尿酸血症组中，有半数以上人员对血尿酸高的相关知识认识不足，有近半数人员对高尿酸血症发展预后了解不足，自我护理行为缺乏。另与高尿酸血症同时并存的还有肥胖、高血压、高血脂、高血糖。[结论]中老年高尿酸血症发生率在升高，疾病知识缺乏，自我护理意识不强，应加大对高尿酸血症发生发展的教育力度，以使其建立健康的生活习惯，减少痛风的发生。     

Carbonate apatite crystals in primary normophosphatemic tumoral calcinosis

A 66‐year‐old woman developed firm, painless, slowly growing nodular masses over her elbows, fingers, toes, and left hip over four years. Aspiration of the elbow mass revealed a white chalky material that was shown to be carbonate apatite on infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. We discuss the classification of tumoral calcinosis and the nature of the calcium deposits. Tumoral calcinosis should be differentiated from tophaceous gout and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Polarizing light microscopy and crystal analysis by X‐ray and infrared spectroscopy, electron or X‐ray diffraction will confirm the diagnosis. Secondary causes of tumoral calcinosis should also be excluded.     

社区人群痛风危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨社区人群(20岁以上)痛风的危险因素。方法 采用1：3病例对照研究方法，进行单因素与多因素与多因素logistic回归分析。结果 经单因素筛选和多因素分析，在P=0．05水平，高尿酸(OR=8．601)、肥胖(OR=2．910)、伴有高血压病史(OR=2．330)是痛风的独立危险因素。结论 痛风是一种在遗传基础上的与环境和生活方式有关的疾病，改变生活方式、控制相关疾病可能预防或减少高尿酸血症的发生，进而减少痛风的发生。     

基于两样本孟德尔随机化方法探讨睡眠与痛风的关联

[目的] 通过两样本孟德尔随机化设计,探讨睡眠与痛风之间的关联。[方法] 从一项包含763 813名参与者的全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)中获取痛风遗传关联数据。以与打鼾、睡眠时间、睡眠类型、失眠及白日困倦程度等睡眠表型相关的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)作为工具变量,采用逆方差加权(inverse variance weighted,IVW)评估遗传学预测的不同睡眠表型与痛风发生风险的关系。采用MR-Egger回归和孟德尔随机多态性残差和离群值(MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier,MR-PRESSO)检验进行敏感性分析,以评估工具变量的多效性。进一步采用加权中位数法、简单中位数法、最大似然比法等分析方法检验结果的稳健性与可靠性。[结果] IVW结果显示,遗传学预测的打鼾[优势比(odds ratio,OR)=3.12,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)(1.21～8.05),PFDR=0.045]和失眠[OR=1.09,95%CI(1.04～1.15),PFDR=0.005]与痛风发生风险呈正相关,而睡眠时间、睡眠类型及白日困倦程度与痛风发生之间不存在统计学关联。MR-Egger回归提示上述因果关联未受到水平多效性影响,加权中位数法、简单中位数法、最大似然比法得出与IVW相似的结果。[结论] 打鼾、失眠与痛风发生风险呈正相关,纠正打鼾和失眠可能对痛风有一定的预防作用。     

北京地区部分人群痛风的流行病学调查

目的调查北京地区部分人群中痛风的患病率并对其相关因素进行分析。方法对2005年9~12月在北京协和医院参加年度体检的国家机关和事业单位人群进行横断面调查,了解该人群中痛风的患病率,并通过logistic多元回归模型分析痛风的相关因素。结果该人群中痛风的患病率为1.0%,其中男性的患病率为1.5%,女性为0.3%。双变量分析和logistic多元回归分析发现男性(OR15.07,95%CI1.79~127.19)、饮用白酒(每周≥7个单位酒精饮品OR4.93,95%CI1.41~17.31)、使用利尿剂(OR6.72,95%CI2.34~19.34)、腹部肥胖(OR4.38,95%CI1.33~14.43)、高胆固醇血症(5.17~6.21mmol/LOR3.63,95%CI1.23~10.67)者痛风的患病率较高,经常食用豆制品(OR0.21,95%CI0.07~0.59)者痛风的患病率较低。结论男性、饮用白酒、使用利尿剂、腹部肥胖、高胆固醇血症可能与痛风的危险性升高相关;经常食用豆制品可能与痛风的危险性降低相关。     

A Randomized Pilot Study of DASH Patterned Groceries on Serum Urate in Individuals with Gout

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet reduces serum urate (SU); however, the impact of the DASH diet has not been previously evaluated among patients with gout. We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover pilot study to test the effects of ~$105/week ($15/day) of dietitian-directed groceries (DDG), patterned after the DASH diet, on SU, compared with self-directed grocery shopping (SDG). Participants had gout and were not taking urate lowering therapy. Each intervention period lasted 4 weeks; crossover occurred without a washout period. The primary endpoint was SU. Compliance was assessed by end-of-period fasting spot urine potassium and sodium measurements and self-reported consumption of daily servings of fruit and vegetables. We randomized 43 participants (19% women, 49% black, mean age 59 years) with 100% follow-up. Mean baseline SU was 8.1 mg/dL (SD, 0.8). During Period 1, DDG lowered SU by 0.55 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.07, 1.04) compared to SDG by 0.0 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.44, 0.44). However, after crossover (Period 2), the SU difference between groups was the opposite: SDG reduced SU by −0.48 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.98, 0.01) compared to DDG by −0.05 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.48, 0.38; P for interaction by period = 0.11). Nevertheless, DDG improved self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables (3.1 servings/day; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.8) and significantly reduced total spot urine sodium excretion by 22 percentage points (95% CI: −34.0, −8.6). Though relatively small in scale, this pilot study suggests that dietitian-directed, DASH-patterned groceries may lower SU among gout patients not on urate-lowering drugs. However, behavior intervention crossover trials without a washout period are likely vulnerable to strong carryover effects. Definitive evaluation of the DASH diet as a treatment for gout will require a controlled feeding trial, ideally with a parallel-design.     

Preliminary study of single nucleotide polymorphisms of PRPS2 gene in overproducing type of gouty patients

目的 :探讨编码人磷酸核糖焦磷酸合成酶亚单位 2的基因 PRPS2单核苷酸多态性与产生过剩型痛风患者的关系。方法 :利用聚合酶链反应扩增健康人和产生过剩型痛风患者 PRPS2基因全部外显 (包括外显子与内含子交界区 )的片段 ,采用多荧光标记的 PCR单链构象多态性分析技术对扩增的片段进行了筛选 ,对筛选到的片段进行序列测定 ,并与正常序列进行对照分析。结果 :在 PRPS2基因的第一个外显子区发现了一个 SNP( exon1+45A/G) ,第六个内含子区发现了一个 SNP ( intron6+12G/A) ,健康人与患者间的频率比较分别为 P =0 .0 96和 P =0 .2 73。结论 :提供了 PRPS2基因 SNP的数据库信息 ,为研究痛风发病机制提供了新的途径。     

The Alpha-Defensin Prosthetic Joint Infection Test Has Poor Validity for Native Knee Joint Infection

BackgroundThe alpha-defensin test known as Synovaure has been very effective in diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Being able to easily and accurately differentiate septic and inflammatory arthropathies in native joints would improve diagnostic workup and management. We tested the ability of an alpha-defensin test to distinguish septic from inflammatory or crystalline arthropathy in the native knee.Methods40 native knee joint fluid specimens were tested with cell count, fluid analysis, and culture and alpha-defensin testing. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the alpha-defensin test using culture-positive fluid as the gold standard for septic arthropathy and positive crystals as the gold standard for crystalline arthropathy.ResultsThe Synovasure PJI test had 100% specificity for septic arthritis coupled with a 28% false-positive rate when applied to native knee aspirations. False-positive rate was 5.3 times higher in patients with crystals found in the joint fluid.ConclusionAlpha-defensin testing, in the form of the Synovasure PJI test, has a high-false-positive rate when used to distinguish septic and inflammatory arthritis in the native knee joint. Future work will need to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the newer native joint panel. Clinicians should be cognizant of the specific alpha-defensin test used when sampling native knee synovial fluid.     

基于《指南》的痛风及高尿酸血症基层防治策略探讨

高尿酸血症是临床常见的代谢性疾病,也是诱发痛风的重要生化基础及直接致病因素。发挥基层社区卫生服务机构的全科团队优势,通过个性化慢性病管理模式,可以有效减少痛风的发生与复发,改善痛风及高尿酸血症患者生活质量,并提升患者自我管理能力。该研究以最新《痛风及高尿酸血症基层诊疗指南》为参照,从此病基层诊断要点、管理特点、分级诊疗、规范用药、社区综合干预等要素探讨基层防治策略,提升基层医院慢性病防治水平。