Lower mesodermal defects: A common cause of fetal and early neonatal death

Among the first 1,130 referrals to the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program 17 infants have been recognized to share phenotypic characteristics involving the genital, urinary, lower gastrointestinal, and axial skeletal systems. The pattern of abnormalities identified appears to be limited to structures sharing a common embryologic origin. These features, for the most part, are shown to be non-randomly associated. No clearly definable sub-groups within this population are demonstrable. The pattern of abnormalities is defined to include abnormalities of the following structures as pathogenetically primary features: lumbosacral vertebrae, kidneys, ureters, uterus/fallopian tubes, vagina, bladder, urethra, adrenals, gonads, anorectum, external genitalia, and umbilical arteries. An embryologic mechanism is proposed which explains this non-random association as arising secondary to disruption of structures derived from the lower portion of the primitive intra-embryonic mesoderm. The Lower Mesodermal Defects Sequence appears to be a rather common (and under-recognized) cause of stillbirth and immediate neonatal death. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

急性白血病化疗对垂体、性腺、甲状腺激素的影响

目的评价儿童急性白血病(AL)及联合化疗对其垂体、性腺、甲状腺激素的影响。方法测定37例(男23例,女14例)AL患儿化疗前后和20例对照组血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平。结果AL患儿FSH、LH、T、E2、GH、FT4、TSH水平化疗前后及对照组各组差异无显著意义(P>0.05),PRL水平治疗前高于对照组(P<0.01),男童PRL水平治疗前后比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。FT3治疗前低于对照组(P<0.001),治疗后趋于正常(P>0.05)。结论AL本身及联合化疗对患儿垂体-性腺轴功能及GH水平无明显影响。AL本身可使PRL水平升高,而化疗药物可抑制男童PRL的分泌。联合化疗对甲状腺功能无影响,FT3水平对判断AL患儿病情变化、疗效及预后有一定参考意义。     

Effect of gestational exposure to perfluorononanoic acid on neonatal mice testes

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely used in commercial products and are found in many goods of daily use. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is one of the PFAAs that possesses endocrine disrupting properties and we have recently shown that PFNA affects testicular functions in Parkes mice. Exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors during fetal life is believed to affect gonadal development and they might produce reproductive abnormalities in males. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of gestational exposure to PFNA on the testes of neonatal mice offspring. Pregnant Parkes mice were orally administered PFNA (2 and 5 mg/kg body weight) or distilled water from gestational day 12 until parturition. Male pups were killed on postnatal day 3. PFNA treatment decreased testosterone biosynthesis by inhibiting expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450scc, and 3β‐ and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; proliferation of testicular cells was also affected in treated mice. Furthermore, a marked decrease in expression of Wilms tumor 1, steroidogenic factor 1 and insulin‐like factor 3 was noted in neonatal mice testes, indicating that the PFNA treatment may affect the development of the testis. Moreover, observation of the dose‐related expression of anti‐müllerian hormone and c‐Kit in neonatal mice testes is also suggestive of an interference with gonadal development by PFNA exposure. In conclusion, the results suggest that the gestational exposure to PFNA decreased testosterone biosynthesis and altered the expression of critical factors involved in the development of the testis, thereby advocating a potential risk of PFNA to male reproductive health.     

抽拉式介入手术性腺防护装置的研制与应用

目的：根据医院介入手术临床应用需求,研制一种抽拉式介入手术性腺防护装置。方法：通过对环绕式双层结构的可弯曲式放射防护材料收纳器和三段式放射防护材料等进行技术设计,实现患者盆部性腺的环绕式防护。结果：该装置设计简单、结构合理,可在不透X射线的防护状态和透X射线的可视状态之间方便地进行切换,并符合介入手术的无菌要求。结论：抽拉式介入手术性腺防护装置在保证临床介入手术效果的同时,解决了患者性腺防护的难题,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

The para-aortic ridge plays a key role in the formation of the renal, adrenal and gonadal vascular systems

Renal, adrenal, gonadal, ureteral and inferior phrenic arteries vary in their level of origin and in their calibre, number and precise anatomical relationship to other structures. Studies of the origin and early development of these arteries have evoked sharp disputes. The ladder theory of Felix, which states that ‘All the mesonephric arteries may persist; from them are formed the phrenic, suprarenal, renal and internal spermatic arteries’ has been generally quoted in the anatomical textbooks without rigorous verification for 100 years. In this study, we re-examined this theory by performing micro-injection of dye and resin into rat (Rattus norvegicus) embryos. Our results revealed that most of the mesonephric arteries had degenerated before the metanephros started its ascent. The definitive renal, adrenal, gonadal, ureteral and inferior phrenic arteries appeared as new branches from the gonadal artery and/or directly from the abdominal aorta to the para-aortic ridge. Coincidental to this, the anatomical architecture of the inter-renal vascular cage, which consists of the interlobar and arcuate arteries and their collateral veins, was completed within the developing metanephros. We demonstrated that the delicate renal vascular cage switched from the primary renal artery to the definitive renal artery and that the route of venous drainage changed from the posterior cardinal vein to the inferior (caudal) vena cava.     

补肾毓麟汤对肾虚性生殖功能障碍大鼠生殖激素影响的实验研究

目的 观察补肾毓麟汤对模型大鼠血清生殖激素水平的影响.方法 用雷公藤多苷片造成雌、雄性生殖功能障碍大鼠模型,观察补肾毓麟汤和克罗米芬对雌、雄性大鼠血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)的含量的影响.结果 雌性模型大鼠血清FSH、LH、E2含量与正常组比较无显著性差异,而血清T含量高于正常组(P＜0.05);补肾毓麟汤、克罗米芬均能降低血清T含量.雄性模型大鼠血清FSH含量与正常组比较无显著性差异,LH、E2含量高于正常(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),T含量低于正常组(P＜0.01);补肾毓麟汤能降低血清LH、E2含量,升高血清T含量;克罗米芬能降低血清LH含量,但对E2、T含量无明显影响.结论 雌、雄性模型大鼠血清生殖激素水平有不同程度改变,补肾毓麟汤能调整紊乱的生殖激素水平,疗效优于克罗米芬.