Optimal pole assignment into specified regions and its application to rotating mechanical systems

This paper considers a pole assignment problem to cluster all poles of a closed-loop system into some specified regions by introducing the complex state for systems having an isotropic property and by using the Riccati equation. The algebraic relations for the distribution of the eigenvalues of a complex matrix are used in order to cluster the poles into specified regions, which guarantees the relative stability margin, e.g. uniform damping or uniform damping ratio. The proposed scheme is essentially a combination of the pole assignment approach and linear quadratic design, taking the advantages of both. A block modal control method—an extension of recursive pole assignment—is also developed for the vibration control of rotating systems by clustering the forward and backward modes in order. Vibration control simulations with an isotropic rotor—bearing system, a magnetic bearing system and a rotating circular disc are treated in order to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.     

Eigenstructure assignment with control gains optimization

Eigenstructure assignment using output feedback is reformulated using an auxiliary principle of minimization of control effort. In the general eigenstructure assignment procedure, the feedback gain matrix is uniquely determined for a set of explicitly specified desired eigenvalues and eigenvectors. However, for the controller design proposed in this paper, only the most necessary constraints are imposed on the desired eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and the unspecified model parameters of the closed-loop system are determined by minimizing the control effort. Numerical examples are presented for comparison of the proposed method with standard eigenstructure assignment methods, and an experimental example gives an insight into the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm with application to the vibration control of flexible structures undergoing forced vibration.     

Assignment of RFLP,RAPD and isoenzyme markers to Aspergillus nidulans chromosomes,using chromosome-substituted segregants of a hybrid of A. nidulans and A. quadrilineatus

Chromosome-substituted haploid segregants were selected from among the benomyl-induced progeny of an interspecific hybrid produced by polyethylene-glycol-induced fusion of protoplasts of an Aspergillus nidulans master strain and an A. quadrilineatus auxotrophic mutant. These segregants were examined by RFLP, RAPD, and isoenzyme analysis. The A. nidulans ribosomal repeat unit was assigned to chromosome V, while the benA and the pyrG genes were assigned to linkage groups VIII and I, respectively, of A. nidulans. None of the other cloned genes tested (gdhA, amdS and 25s rRNA) showed polymorphism between the two parents. The method was also used to assign RAPD markers and isoenzyme bands of -arylesterase, phosphatases, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, and cellulase, to A. nidulans chromosomes and/or to their A. quadrilineatus equivalents. The isoenzyme and DNA sequences assigned to chromosomes could be used to saturate the genetic map of A. nidulans, or could serve as starting points for the construction of a genetic map of A. quadrilineatus. No method affording the same possibilities has been described so far in Aspergilli. This chromosome-assay method may be a useful alternative to pulsed-field-gel electrophoretic procedures for the assignment of molecular markers to chromosomes.     

Stress analysis between implant prostheses with different moduli and surrounding bones北大核心

背景:应力遮挡效应会导致植入假体修复骨缺损手术失败,其主要原因是由于植入假体的弹性模量大于骨组织弹性模量。目的:分析植入假体弹性模量对应力分布的影响,寻求消除应力遮挡现象的方法。方法:通过CT扫描的方式获取实验犬与人体骨组织的模型,分别对其优化后进行梯度赋值,建立较为可靠的骨骼力学模型,并与植入假体组合后进行有限元仿真。首先,通过对比格犬骨骼模型和人体骨骼模型及其对应的植入假体进行有限元仿真,模拟了不同弹性模量对植入假体修复术后的应力和位移分布情况;其次,分析了较小弹性模量差仍会形成应力遮挡现象的原因,建立了骨骼模型及植入假体模型,确立了材料属性赋予方法;最后,验证了该模型及材料属性赋予方法的可行性,并通过随机选取受力点的方式,定量分析植入假体弹性模量与骨骼弹性模量之间的关系对应力遮挡形成的影响。结果与结论:通过梯度赋值法建立与骨骼力学性质更加接近的实验犬骨骼模型和人体骨骼模型,该方法重建的力学模型与真实骨骼的力学性质更为接近;通过有限元仿真力学测试证明,不同弹性模量植入假体对假体本身与周围骨骼间相对位移的影响较小;另外量化弹性模量对假体植入骨骼后对应力分布的影响,可为后续的相关研究提供帮助。     

Simple Trends in the Methylene and α‐Substituent Regions of NMR Spectra of Vinyl Polymers

Summary: Chemical shift trends in the methylene and α substituent regions of ¹³C NMR spectra of vinyl polymers have been analyzed in terms of a three‐state rotational isomeric states (RIS) model and the γ‐gauche effect. In this framework, it has been demonstrated that the three sequencing rules observed for poly(propylene) can also be expected to work for many other vinyl polymers. The first two rules, justified in terms of the conformational perturbability of stereosequences, turn out to be respected by a considerable number of NMR spectra. On the other hand, the same spectral data are in substantial disagreement with the third rule. An explanation is proposed for this breakdown.

Sketches of the three conformations expected for rotation on the two prochiral bonds flanking the methine carbon of a vinyl polymer.     

Assignments of ^1H and ^13C NMR Signals of Mogroside IVa

Aim To investigate the structure of mogroside IVa isolated from traditional Chinese medicine fructus momordicae [fruits of Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffery] and summarize the NMR characteristics of the structure. Methods Cormnon extraction, separafion and purification methods were used. Various NMR techniques including ^1H NMR,^13C NMR, DEPT, ^1H-^1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and molecular model simulated by comtmter were used to elucidate the structure. Results ^1H and ^13C NMR signals of mogroside IVa were assigned, and spectroscopic basis was obtained for identification of such type of compounds. Conclusion 1D and 2D NMR techniques including ^1H-^1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY spectra are powerful tools for structure analysis. The structure determined by NMR methods is identical with energy minimized conformation simulated by computer.     

罗汉果皂苷Ⅳa碳氢NMR信号的归属

目的　研究传统中药罗汉果的皂苷类化学成分罗汉果皂苷IVa的结构 ,总结其结构的NMR特点。方法　采用常法提取、分离、纯化罗汉果皂苷IVa ,应用NMR方法 ( 1 HNMR、1 3CNMR、DEPT、1 H 1 HCOSY、HSQC、HMBC和NOESY)和计算机分子模拟研究其结构。结果　对罗汉果皂苷IVa的1 H和1 3C信号进行了归属 ,并为该类型化合物的结构确定提供了波谱学依据。结论　包括1 H 1 HCOSY、HSQC、HMBC、NOESY的一维和二维核磁共振波谱技术是对结构进行无创伤性分析的有力工具。NMR方法确定的结构与计算机分子模拟的最优构象一致。     

莫沙必利的核磁共振氢谱与碳谱指定

用一维和二维核磁共振技术(gCOSY，gNOESY，gHMQC，gHMBC)，对莫沙必利的核磁共振氢谱与碳谱进行了指定。计算机模拟的结果证明了我们对吗啉环优势构象的推测。     

Medical Rehabilitation: Guidelines to Advance the Field With High-Impact Clinical Trials

The purpose of this Special Communication is to summarize guidelines and recommendations stemming from an expert panel convened by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (NCMRR) for a workshop entitled The Future of Medical Rehabilitation Clinical Trials, held September 29-30, 2016, at the NCMRR offices in Bethesda, Maryland. The ultimate goal of both the workshop and this summary is to offer guidance on clinical trials design and operations to the medical rehabilitation research community, with the intent of maximizing the effect of future trials.     

The durability of operational improvements with rotational patient assignment

Introduction

Previous work has suggested that Emergency Department rotational patient assignment (a system in which patients are algorithmically assigned to physicians) is associated with immediate (first-year) improvements in operational metrics. We sought to determine if these improvements persisted over a longer follow-up period.