Estimated Daily Intake and Seasonal Food Sources of Quercetin in Japan

Quercetin is a promising food component, which can prevent lifestyle related diseases. To understand the dietary intake of quercetin in the subjects of a population-based cohort study and in the Japanese population, we first determined the quercetin content in foods available in the market during June and July in or near a town in Hokkaido, Japan. Red leaf lettuce, asparagus, and onions contained high amounts of quercetin derivatives. We then estimated the daily quercetin intake by 570 residents aged 20–92 years old in the town using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The average and median quercetin intakes were 16.2 and 15.5 mg day⁻¹, respectively. The quercetin intakes by men were lower than those by women; the quercetin intakes showed a low correlation with age in both men and women. The estimated quercetin intake was similar during summer and winter. Quercetin was mainly ingested from onions and green tea, both in summer and in winter. Vegetables, such as asparagus, green pepper, tomatoes, and red leaf lettuce, were good sources of quercetin in summer. Our results will help to elucidate the association between quercetin intake and risks of lifestyle-related diseases by further prospective cohort study and establish healthy dietary requirements with the consumption of more physiologically useful components from foods.     

斑点酶联免疫吸附试验检测血吸虫病

用成虫、卵及尾蚴抗原做斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot—ELISA)检测96份血吸虫患者血清,阳性率分别、为70.8%、91.7%及81.3%。三种抗原 Dot—ELISA 的互补阳性率为93.8%。而对50份献血员及38份肺吸虫患者血清进行检测都是阴性。Dot—ELHSA 的重现性及稳定性好,抗原用量少、简单、出结果快。     

绿芦笋对体外人肝癌细胞生长的影响

在体外培养人肝癌细胞（ＢＥＬ－７４０２）过程中，加入自制的绿芦笋原汁和绿芦笋乙醇提取液，同时选用５－氟脲嘧啶和三尖杉酯碱作为阳性药物，观察对细胞生长的抑制作用。每天每组取３瓶细胞进行活细胞计数，连续１０ｄ并绘制生长曲线，结果表明，低浓度的绿芦笋原汁和绿芦笋乙醇提取液（２０ｍｇ／ｍｌ）能显著抑制肝癌细胞的生长。     

云南元江河谷稻田蚊类幼虫群落学特征及水稻生长遮盖度对其影响作用

目的 了解稻田蚊类群落学特征及水稻生长遮盖度对其影响作用，探讨大水体型蚊类群落学的调查和分析方法。方法 在水稻的不同生长期，采用容积为1000ml幼虫勺进行调查；数据输入计算机，进行统计学和群落学特征分析。结果 共发现按蚊亚科和库蚊亚科2属3亚属9种；群落的Shannon—Wiener多样性指数和均匀性指数分别为1．072和0．488；中华按蚊、致乏库蚊和棕头库蚊的优势度分别为67．69、32．65和17．65，优势度集中指数为0．447；3个优势种问均为正相关关系；水稻的遮盖度系数和平均幼虫密度成负相关(r=-0．76，95％可信区间：-0．61～-0．97)。结论 稻田蚊类群落蚊种较少，群落组成和结构简单，稳定性和种间结合良好；随着水稻的生长，遮盖度增加，幼虫密度下降。     

Inhalant allergy to fresh asparagus

Background Two patients experienced itehing conjunctivitis, running nose, tightness of the throat and coughing during preparation of fresh asparagus. Eating asparagus after cooking did not provoke any allergie symptoms. Both patients were atopic. sensitized additionally to pollens of grasses and trees as well as to onion. Objective To assess the hypersensilivity reactions to Iresh and heated asparagus and to investigate any crossreactivities among the allergens. Methods Skin-prick tests were perfonned with commercial allergens and native asparagus and the patienls were tesled with Pharmacia CAP system for specific IgE antibodies against asparagus, onion, garlic, birch pollen, mugwort pollen and two recombinant birch pollen allergens, Bet v I and profilin. Inhibition of IgE antibody binding to solid phase homologous and unrelated allergens by increasing doses of liquid allergens (inhibitors) was studied. Results Skin-prick tests with native green and white asparagus were strongly positive, but negative with cooked asparagus. Both patients had measurable levels of IgE antibodies against asparagus (3.0 and 6.2kU/L respectively) and several other allergens. One patienl was highly sensitive to birch and Bet v I. Both were positive to profilin, mugwort and onion. In all cases the antibody uptake could be extensively and specifically inhibited by homologous allergen. The asparagus-specific IgE antibodies of the two patients could only be inhibited by asparagus. No inhibition was obtained after heating of the asparagus extract to 100°C. Conclusions The patients were speeifically sensitized by asparagus. No immunological crossreactions could be observed. The measurements of IgE antibodies to other allergens were also specific, representing parallel multiple sensitivity. Profilin inhibited profilin-specific IgE binding but did not react with the asparagus-specific IgE antibodies of these patients. The asparagus allergen recognized by the specific IgE antibodies of these patients was thermolabile.     

芦笋降低血清免疫复合物含量的作用

本文观察老年人血清中循环免疫复合物(CIC)水平及芦笋降低CIC的作用。结果表明老年人CIC平均水平显著高于健康青壮年(P<0.01);老年高血脂症者甘油三酯浓度与CIC之间有正相关关系(r=0.483,P<0.05)。服芦笋4周后CIC和血脂浓度明显下降(P<0.01),初步证明芦笋除具有降血脂作用外还可降低CIC水平。     

云南省元江流域疟疾流行病学调查(英文)

目的　了解元江流域不同海拔高度 ,不同人群中的疟疾流行程度和感染疟疾的相对危险度。　方法　采用寄生虫学和血清学相结合的方法开展横断面调查 ,对资料进行层分析。　结果　间接荧光抗体实验 (IFAT)结果显示 ,1)以低海拔地区的本地居民为对照 ,来自区外的流动人口 ,来自中海拔和高海拔地区的下坝生产人员感染疟疾的相对危险度 (RR)分别是 4.46( 95 %CI :3.44～ 5 .78) ,8.38( 95 %CI :6.41～ 10 .92 )和 6.31( 95 %CI:4.92～ 8.90 ) ;2 )以年龄<15岁为对照 ,中高海拔地区 ,≥ 15岁劳动力年龄组的RR是 2 .76( 95 %CI :2 .40～ 3.81) ;3)带虫率分析显示 ,与当地居民相比 ,低海拔地区打临工者的RR是 2 0 .64( 95 %CI :4.76～ 89.5 9)。　结论　在该地区 ,疟疾的传播依然严重 ,并主要发生在低海拔地区 ;在野外过夜和缺乏个人防护措施是感染疟疾的危险因素     

微波辅助萃取海芦笋中总黄酮工艺的研究

目的以海芦笋为原料、乙醇为浸提剂,在传统浸提技术基础上,辅以微波提取总黄酮。方法分别考察时间、温度、微波功率、料液比、乙醇浓度对总黄酮得率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上,运用正交试验,确定总黄酮提取最佳工艺条件。结果最佳提取工艺为:提取时间15 min,提取温度60℃,微波功率700 W,料液比1∶40,乙醇浓度55%,在此条件下提取海芦笋干粉中的总黄酮,得率为1.37%。结论微波辅助萃取海芦笋总黄酮的效率高于传统浸提工艺,乙醇浓度、提取时间和温度对总黄酮得率都有显著影响。     

Occupational asthma caused by exposure to asparagus: detection of allergens by immunoblotting

Background Vegetables of the Liliaceae family, such as garlic or onion, have been reported to cause occupational asthma. However, there are few data on adverse reactions to asparagus. We evaluated the role of asparagus as a cause of asthma in a patient with respiratory symptoms occurring at work (horticulture) and studied relevant allergens.
Methods A 28-year-oId man complained of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma when harvesting asparagus at work. Eating cooked asparagus did not provoke symptoms. A positive skin test reaction was observed with raw asparagus, Aiternaria atternata. and grass-pollen extracts. The methacholine test demonstrated mild bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The patient had an immediate asthmatic response after challenge with raw asparagus extract. Bronchial provocation tests with boiled asparagus, A. aiternata. and control extracts were negative. Two unexposed subjects with seasonal allergic asthma did not react to the raw asparagus extract.
Results The double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge with raw asparagus was negative. Serum asparagus-specific IgE was 13.9 kUA/1. By SDS-PAGE immunoblot, at least six IgE-binding components, ranging from 22 to 73 kDa, were detected only in raw asparagus.
Concltisions We report a case of occupational asthma caused by asparagus inhalation, confirmed by specific bronchoprovocation. Immunoblot analysis showed that asparagus allergens are very labile and quite sensitive to heat denaturation.     

芦笋对二甲基肼诱发小鼠结肠隐窝上皮细胞微核及凋谢的拮抗作用

观察芦笋口服液对二甲基肼处理小鼠的结肠隐窝上皮细胞微核和凋谢的影响。结果显示芦笋口服液可降低结肠隐窝上皮细胞的微核和凋谢数,并有剂量效应关系。说明芦笋有明显的拮抗作用。此方法可作为抗结肠致癌物的短期试验。