手术治疗结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的临床效果

目的:分析手术治疗结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的临床效果。方法:从2017年3月~2019年3月期间到我院接受治疗的结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者中选出60例完成此次研究,60例患者全部接受手术治疗,经1年的随访后对比两组患者接受治疗前后的生活质量变化情况及治疗效果。结果:接受治疗后患者的心理、身体、物质生活、社会关系等多项生活质量指标均优于治疗前,治疗前后的数据对比存在明显差异(P<0.05)。所有患者接受治疗后均为表现出较为明显的不良反应,其治疗存在较高安全性,总治疗有效率为87.50%(55/60)。结论:帮助结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者选择合理的手术方式,能够提高临床治疗效果,减少并发症。     

妊娠期疾病类型与甲状腺功能异常相关性分析

目的研究妊娠期疾病类型与甲状腺功能异常相关性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2017年1月期间在天津港口医院治疗的107例孕妇,根据妊娠期是否患病分为A组、B组与对照组。A组为22例确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的患者;B组为36例确诊为妊娠期高血压疾病的患者;对照组为49例妊娠期血糖与血压正常、无其他疾病的孕妇。所有研究对象妊娠期定期抽取静脉血检测甲状腺功能、血压及血糖水平。采用妊娠期高血压疾病诊断标准、妊娠期糖尿病诊断标准以及妊娠期甲状腺疾病诊断标准联合评价。结果此研究发现糖尿病组与对照组在孕中期游离T4值、A组与对照组在孕晚期、B组与对照组在孕中期和孕晚期的促甲状腺激素(TSH)值对比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);3组孕妇不同妊娠时期临床甲状腺功能亢进、减退的发病情况各组别数据对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组、B组与对照组在孕中期与孕晚期亚临床甲状腺功能减退发病情况数据对比,A组、B组与对照组在不同妊娠时期低T4血症发病情况数据对比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);孕早期仅甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)阳性与甲状腺正常数据对比,B组发生率高于对照组、A组发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论与正常孕妇相比,妊娠期高血压疾病与妊娠期糖尿病患者在不同妊娠期的游离T4水平更低、TSH水平更高,且随着妊娠期的增长,变化趋势不断增大;妊娠期疾病类型与甲状腺功能异常存在着联系,妊娠期高血压疾病和糖尿病患者甲状腺功能异常发病率明显更高。     

甲状旁腺激素对大鼠牵张成骨过程中O NC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因表达的影响

目的：探讨甲状旁腺激素（PTH）对大鼠牵张成骨（DO）过程中ONC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因表达的影响。方法30只雄性大鼠制备大鼠下颌骨DO模型。随机分5组，每组6只。第1组（只有牵张无PTH），术后8周取材，应用HE染色及微CT检测，以确定成骨情况。第2组（有牵张无PTH），第3组（有牵张有PTH），第4组（无牵张有PTH），第5组（对照组：无牵张无PTH）。2、3、4组及对照组术后1周取材，RT-PCR测定ONC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因的表达。结果第1组，新骨形成，骨质充满牵张区，骨质连续，大鼠建模成功。RT-PCR检测结果显示，2、3、4组与对照组比较，OPN、COL1、RUNX2、ALP基因表达有明显提高（P＜0．05），其中第3组最为明显。ONC、C-FOS、VEGF基因2、3、4组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 PTH在 DO 过程中，间歇性给以 PTH的作用只有在牵张期发挥作用，其对 OPN、COL1、RUNX2、ALP基因表达能够获得理想的协同作用。     

Gender,race and socioeconomic influence on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Thyroid diseases are common, and use of levothyroxine is increasing worldwide. We investigated the influence of gender, race and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort study of civil servants (35-74 years of age) from six Brazilian cities. Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was by thyrotropin (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) if TSH was altered, and the use of specific medications. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed using overt hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism and levothyroxine use as dependent variables and sociodemographic characteristics as independent variables. The frequencies of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism were 0.7 and 7.4%, respectively. Using whites as the reference ethnicity, brown, and black race were protective for overt hypothyroidism (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.64-0.89, and OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.43-0.67, respectively, and black race was associated with overt hyperthyroidism (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.06-3.11). Frequency of hypothyroidism treatment was higher in women, browns, highly educated participants and those with high net family incomes. After multivariate adjustment, levothyroxine use was associated with female gender (OR=6.06, 95%CI=3.19-11.49) and high net family income (OR=3.23, 95%CI=1.02-10.23). Frequency of hyperthyroidism treatment was higher in older than in younger individuals. Sociodemographic factors strongly influenced the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders, including the use of levothyroxine.     

促甲状腺素抑制治疗甲状腺癌患者的膳食调查分析

目的 对促甲状腺素(TSH) 抑制治疗期间的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者进行膳食调查，为对患者进行个性化膳食指导及营养干预研究提供参考依据。方法 从湖南省肿瘤医院甲状腺内科的门诊患者中收集行TSH抑制治疗的DTC患者，根据抑制治疗副作用危险分层标准，收集低、中、高危患者各200例，共600例患者作为研究对象。对所有入选病例进行膳食调查:一年食物摄入频率和3天24小时回顾法膳食调查。结果 TSH抑制治疗的DTC患者整体人群膳食摄入不足且膳食结构不合理；整体人群畜肉类摄入过多，鱼类及水产品、蛋、奶、豆、蔬菜、水果则摄入过少；整体人群脂类、碳水化合物、维生素E摄入量基本达到要求；蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、铁、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、烟酸摄入明显不足；碘摄入基本符合要求；低、中、高危组膳食摄入不足率分别是21.0%、8.0%、11.5%；中危组畜肉类摄入最多，碘摄入有0.5%的患者超标；高危组牛奶摄入最少。结论 TSH抑制治疗的DTC患者膳食结构不合理及多种营养素摄入不足，在临床工作中应加强对整体人群的营养教育及针对性的干预，以降低TSH抑制治疗对心血管系统及影响骨代谢的风险。     

Could non-HDL-cholesterol be a better marker of atherogenic dyslipidemia in obstructive sleep apnea?

Background/objectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is independently associated with dyslipidemia, a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is accepted as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol is a better marker of atherogenic dyslipidemia and recommended as a target of lipid lowering therapy. We aimed to assess the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia, and relationship between OSA severity and serum LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels in OSA patients.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated treatment naïve 2361 subjects admitted to the sleep laboratory of a university hospital for polysomnography. All subjects’ lipid profile including total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL-cholesterol were measured.ResultsOut of 2361 patients (mean age 49.6 ± 11.9 years; 68.9% male, apnea-hypopnea index 36.6 ± 28.4/h), 185 (7.8%) had no OSA and 2176 (92.2%) had OSA. Atherogenic dyslipidemia prevalence was high (57–66%) in OSA patients, and especially increased in severe OSA compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Though total and LDL-cholesterol did not differ between those with and without OSA, non-HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.020), and triglycerides (p = 0.001) were higher and HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.018) were lower in OSA patients than non-OSA. Non-HDL-cholesterol was significantly correlated with OSA severity (p < 0.001) and hypoxia parameters (p < 0.01), whereas LDL-cholesterol showed no correlation.ConclusionsAtherogenic dyslipidemia is highly prevalent and non-HDL-cholesterol levels are significantly increased, predominantly in severe OSA patients. Non-HDL-cholesterol but not LDL-cholesterol, is significantly correlated with OSA severity and hypoxia parameters. Therefore, it could be better to use non-HDL-cholesterol, which is a guideline recommended target of lipid therapy, as a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in OSA patients.     

甲状腺功能减退与子宫内膜癌的相关性分析

 目的 探讨甲状腺功能减退与子宫内膜癌（EC）的关系及EC患者癌组织分化程度和雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）的表达与甲状腺功能之间的关系。方法 选取2015年1月—2018年7月我院收治的EC患者113例，同时随机选取年龄与EC组相匹配的此段时间内我院健康体检的妇女156例作为对照组，检测血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺激素（FT4）。比较两组间甲状腺功能减退的患病率，并利用免疫组织化学法测定EC患者手术切除标本的癌组织中ER、PR的表达，分析EC患者癌组织分化程度及癌组织中ER、PR的表达与甲状腺功能之间的相关性。结果 EC组甲状腺功能减退的患病率较对照组高（P<0.000）。低分化EC患者的TSH高于中分化EC患者（P=0.025）。EC手术切除标本的癌组织中ER、PR阳性与阴性患者的TSH、FT4差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 甲状腺功能减退与EC具有相关性。