Better Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Could Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease: The SUN Prospective Cohort

Strong observational evidence supports the association between obesity and cardiovascular events. In elderly high-risk subjects, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was reported to counteract the adverse cardiovascular effects of adiposity. Whether this same attenuation is also present in younger subjects is not known. We prospectively examined the association between obesity and cardiovascular clinical events (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) after 10.9 years follow-up in 19,065 middle-aged men and women (average age 38 year) according to their adherence to the MedDiet (<6 points or ≥6 points in the Trichopoulou’s Mediterranean Diet Score). We observed 152 incident cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An increased risk of CVD across categories of body mass index (BMI) was apparent if adherence to the MedDiet was low, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs): 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.93–2.25) for ≥25 – <30 kg/m² of BMI and 2.00 (1.04–3.83) for ≥30 kg/m² of BMI, compared to a BMI < 25 kg/m². In contrast, these estimates were 0.77 (0.35–1.67) and 1.15 (0.39–3.43) with good adherence to MedDiet. Better adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reduced CVD events (p for trend = 0.029). Our results suggest that the MedDiet could mitigate the harmful cardiovascular effect of overweight/obesity.     

A Mediterranean lifestyle reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort

Background and aimsA healthy lifestyle is essential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, beyond dietary habits, there is a scarcity of studies comprehensively assessing the typical traditional Mediterranean lifestyle with a multi-dimensional index. We assessed the association between the Mediterranean lifestyle (measured with the MEDLIFE index including diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors) and the incidence of CVD.Methods and resultsThe “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) project is a prospective, dynamic and multipurpose cohort of Spanish university graduates. We calculated a MEDLIFE score, composed of 28 items on food consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality, for 18,631 participants by assigning 1 point for each typical Mediterranean lifestyle factor achieved, for a theoretically possible final score ranging from 0 to 28 points. During an average follow-up of 11.5 years, 172 CVD cases (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) were observed. An inverse association between the MEDLIFE score and the risk of primary cardiovascular events was observed, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50; (95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.81) for the highest MEDLIFE scores (14–23 points) compared to the lowest scores (0–9 points), p (trend) = 0.004.ConclusionA higher level of adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD in a Spanish cohort. Public health strategies should promote the Mediterranean lifestyle to preserve cardiovascular health.     

孙伟护肾养阴法治疗慢性肾脏病

肾虚是慢性肾脏病发生发展的基础,由于先天不足、过食温燥、劳逸失度、情志内伤、久病迁延等因素,肾阴虚,乃至气阴两虚等证在临证中频频涉及。孙伟教授提出了护肾养阴法,在治疗上强调补益肾阴,兼顾五脏,弥补亏损之元阴。常用药有制黄精、山萸肉、旱莲草、女贞子、石斛、玉竹、黄芪、太子参等,慎用辛热之品以防劫阴太过,损耗肾阴。善用杜仲、川续断、菟丝子等平补肾阳之品,以期阳中求阴,并适当佐以活血化瘀药物,如当归、丹参、益母草、牛膝等,不致滋阴太过加重湿浊内蕴,使得补而不滞,养阴而不助邪。整体上更注重以养为护、养护并重,从而达到阴阳调和、延缓疾病进展的目的。     

形神是中医辨证要素的首要元素——中医辨证常用20个基本要素与形神的关系

形,即形体;神,有广义与狭义之分,狭义者言之精神、思维、意识等,广义者指一切生命活动,此处当取狭义之范畴.形与神必须相结合,相统一,此即形神一体观,为人是一个有机整体的重要组成内容,总体归属于中医整体观念的范畴.     

弘扬孙思邈医德思想 重振医学人文精神

孙思邈医德思想的核心是对人的生命内在质量和价值的关怀与重视，这也正是现代人所呼唤的医学人文精神的实质所在。现代医学技术长足发展，人文精神逐渐萎缩。当前，倡导弘扬孙思邈医德思想，反思医学的功能和本质，重振医学人文精神，仍然是高等医学院校和广大医务工作者十分迫切的任务，也是全社会的责任。更是值得研究的重要课题。     

孙锦标与《通俗常言疏证》

孙锦标<通俗常言疏证>受明清以来俗语研究学风的影响,把一般性俗语溯源研究与南通方言俗语辑录结合起来,对5595条俗语词进行了立体性的疏证考释.其篇幅和疏证特点堪与<通俗编>媲美.其文献学意义和俗语词研究史料价值、南通方言研究史料价值不可低估.     

孙桂芝教授诊疗胃癌经验

孙桂芝教授是中国中医科学院广安门医院著名中医及中西医结合肿瘤学家,博士及博士后导师,国家级名老中医,全国名老中医药专家学术经验传承导师,享受国务院政府特殊津贴,潜心研习和临床实践中医、中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤40余年,学术底蕴丰厚,经验宏富,认为胃癌可从"恶肉"和"恶疮"论治,扶正祛邪、去腐生肌,验之临床,疗效卓著,其融古汇今、中西合璧的思想值得我们学习和借鉴。     

孙同郊用二仙汤加减治疗老年杂证经验

通过整理孙同郊教授用二仙汤加减治疗老年杂证的门诊验案发现:孙同郊教授认为老年杂证的病因病机根在肾,以肾的阴阳失调为主;故老年杂证的治疗重在调补肾阴肾阳;二仙汤为调补肾阴肾阳的常用方剂,临床上灵活加减用于治疗失眠、汗证、皮肤瘙痒、骨质疏松等老年杂证证属肾阳虚、肾阴阳两虚或肾阴虚者,取得满意的临床疗效。     

孙桂芝教授治疗肿瘤攻补兼施的学术思想

孙桂芝教授从事中医及中西医结合治疗肿瘤40余年,诊治肿瘤患者50余万人次,有丰富的临床经验,她认为正虚邪实是肿瘤的主要病机,肿瘤患者常表现为全身虚,局部实,故在治疗上以攻补兼施为总则,具体笔者总结为24个字:"中西结合,病证结合,分期治疗,经方为主,随症加味,善用药对"。